Cordycepin prevents oxidative stress-induced inhibition of osteogenesis

Oxidative stress is known to be involved in impairment of osteogenesis and age-related osteoporosis. Cordycepin is one of the major bioactive components of Cordyceps militaris that has been shown to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there are few reports available regarding the effects of cordycepin on osteogenesis and the underlying mechanism. In this study, we investigated the potential osteoprotective effects of cordycepin and its mechanism systematically using both in vitro model as well as in vivo mouse models. We discovered that hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) induced inhibition of osteogenesis which was rescued by cordycepin treatment in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Cordycepin exerted its protective effects partially by increasing or decreasing expression of osteogenic and osteoclastogenesis marker genes. Treatment with cordycepin increased Wnt-related genes'' expression whereas supplementation of Wnt pathway inhibitor reversed its protective effects. In addition, administration of cordycepin promoted osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs by reducing oxidative stress in both ovariectomized and aged animal models. Taken together, these results support the protective effects of cordycepin on oxidative stress induced inhibition of osteogenesis by activation of Wnt pathway.     

虫草素对人肝癌细胞迁移及侵袭的机制研究

目的 研究虫草素对人肝癌细胞Bel-7402迁移和侵袭的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法 以人肝癌细胞Bel-7402为研究对象,虫草素处理Bel-7402细胞。MTT法检测细胞活力;划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力;侵袭小室实验检测细胞侵袭能力;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测MMP-2和MMP-9 mRNA 表达情况;Western blotting实验检测MMP-2、MMP-9、ERK、p-ERK、EGFR及p-EGFR蛋白表达水平。结果 虫草素在0～80?μmol/L时对细胞活力无明显影响;而在80～640?μmol/L时,细胞活力出现下降;在320和640?μmol/L时显著降低（P?<0.05）。40和80?μmol/L虫草素均能显著抑制细胞迁移和侵袭活动（P?< 0.05）。与空白对照组比较,虫草素（40和80?μmol/L）处理Bel-7402细胞48?h后,MMP-2和MMP-9 mRNA 及蛋白表达均下降（P?<0.05）。与空白对照组比较,虫草素（40和80?μmol/L）处理明显下调p-ERK和p-EGFR蛋白表达（P?<0.05）。结论 虫草素可能通过EGFR-ERK通路介导MMP-2和MMP-9表达下调,从而调控人肝癌细胞Bel-7402的迁移和侵袭活动。     

Cordycepin Attenuates Neointimal Formation by Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species–Mediated Responses in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Rats

We determined the action mechanism of cordycepin, a major bioactive component of Cordyceps militaris, on responses of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) and on vascular disorders, especially neointimal formation. Cordycepin inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced RASMCs migration and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. However, pre-treatment with N^ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and 1,3-dipropyl-8-sulphophenylxanthine (DPSPX), an A₁/A₂ adenosine– receptor antagonist, abolished the inhibitory role of cordycepin. Cordycepin suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen–activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), but not that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 in RASMCs stimulated by PDGF-BB. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), O₂^? and H₂O₂, induced by PDGF-BB was abolished by the treatment of cordycepin. Moreover, the sprout outgrowth of aortic rings by PDGF-BB was inhibited by cordycepin. In vivo neointimal formation evoked by balloon-injury was significantly attenuated by the administration of cordycepin. These results demonstrate that cordycepin may exert inhibitory effects on PDGF-BB–induced migration and proliferation via interfering with adenosine receptor–mediated NOS pathways, thus resulting in the attenuation of neointima formation. In conclusion, cordycepin may be a potent, promising anti-atherosclerosis agent.     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定冬虫夏草中腺苷、虫草素、肌苷含量方法的研究

目的建立同时测定冬虫夏草中腺苷、虫草素、肌苷的HPLC方法。方法采用RP-HPLC法,色谱柱：Agilent C18柱（250 nm×4.6 mm,5μm）,甲醇与水梯度洗脱,柱温：30℃,流速：1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长：260 nm。结果腺苷进样量在0.200 8~1.004μg与峰面积呈良好线性关系,回归方程为Y=2 876X＋0.458 8,r=0.998 7,平均加样回收率为100.5%,RSD为2.33%;虫草素进样量在0.202 2~1.011μg与峰面积呈良好线性关系,回归方程为Y=2 018X＋8.726,r=0.999 2,平均加样回收率为99.3%,RSD为2.03%;肌苷进样量在0.201 4~1.007μg与峰面积呈良好线性关系,回归方程为Y=5 845X-5.685,r=0.999 4,平均加样回收率为100.2%,RSD为1.44%。结论本方法简便、准确,重复性好,可用于同时检测冬虫夏草中的腺苷、虫草素及肌苷的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定蛹虫草中腺苷和虫草素的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定蛹虫草中腺苷和虫草素的含量。方法采用SinochromODS Cl8柱,以磷酸盐缓冲液-甲醇(85:15)为流动相;流速为1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长为260 nm。结果腺苷在8.92~44.6μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 9;虫草素在6.23~31.15μg?mL-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 9;腺苷平均加样回收率为97.80%,RSD为1.1%(n=5)。虫草素平均加样回收率为97.46%,RSD为1.5%(n=5)。结论本法专属性强,准确度高,重现性好,可作为蛹虫草质量控制的方法。     

以虫草素为配体的钌多吡啶（Ⅱ）配合物的抗肿瘤活性研究

目的研究虫草素为配体的钌多吡啶（Ⅱ）配合物的抗肿瘤活性。方法以虫草素（3′-脱氧腺苷）为配体,合成了3种钌（Ⅱ）配合物[Ru（L）2（DOA）]Cl2（L=bpy,1;phen,2;dmbpy,3;DOA=3′-脱氧腺苷）,采用MTT法和流式细胞术分析体外抗肿瘤活性。结果 MTT法结果表明配合物1,2和3对皮肤癌细胞A375生长表现出明显的抑制作用,且其抗肿瘤活性优于配体虫草素;流式细胞分析结果表明,配合物1是通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡抑制肿瘤细胞生长。结论以虫草素为配体的钌多吡啶配合物具有一定的抗肿瘤活性。     

顺铂联合虫草素对OC3人口腔癌细胞的诱导凋亡作用

Objective:To evaluate apoptotic effects of cisplatin and cordycepin as single agent or in combination with cytotoxicity in oral cancer cells.Methods:The influences of cisplatin(2.5μg/mL)and/or cordycepin treatment(10 or 100μmol/L)to human OC3 oral cancer cell line were investigated by morphological observation for cell death appearance,methylthiazoletetrazolium(MTT)assay for cell viability,flow cytometry assay for cell apoptosis,and Western blotting for apoptotic protein expressions.Results:Data demonstrated that co-administration of cisplatin(2.5μg/mL)and cordycepin(10 or 100μmol/L)resulted in the enhancement of OC3 cell apoptosis compared to cisplatin or cordycepin alone treatment(24 h),respectively(P0.05).In flow cytometry assay,percentage of cells arrested at subG1 phase with co-treatment of cordycepin and cisplatin(30%)was significantly higher than cisplatin(5%)or cordycepin(12%)alone group(P0.05),confirming a synergistically apoptotic effect of cordycepin and cisplatin.In cellular mechanism study,co-treatment of cordycepin and cisplatin induced more stress-activated protein kinase/Jun terminal kinase(JNK),the expressions of caspase-7,and the cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)as compared to cisplatin or cordycepin alone treatment(P0.05).Conclusion:Cisplatin and cordycepin possess synergistically apoptotic effect through the activation of JNK/caspase-7/PARP pathway in human OC3 oral cancer cell line.     

虫草素对高糖诱导脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡的保护作用研究

目的探讨虫草素对高糖环境下人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的保护作用及其机制。方法原代培养HUVECs,实验分为空白对照组、模型组、对照组、抑制剂A组、抑制剂B组、干预A组、干预B组和低、中、高浓度虫草素组。空白对照组给予正常糖浓度(5.5 mmol·L^-1);模型组给予40 mmol·L^-1高糖孵育48 h;对照组给予10μmol·L^-1白藜芦醇+高糖;低、中、高浓度虫草素组分别给予1,10,20μmol·L^-1虫草素+高糖;抑制剂A组给予1μmol·L^-1 CLI-095+高糖;抑制剂B组给予100 nmol·L^-1西罗莫司+高糖;干预A组给予1μmol·L^-1 CLI-095+20μmol·L^-1虫草素+高糖;干预B组给予100 nmol·L^-1西罗莫司+20μmol·L^-1虫草素+高糖。用5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷-酶联免疫吸附法检测光密度值观察细胞增殖能力,用Annexin V-异硫氰酸荧光素/碘化丙啶流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测沉默信息调节因子2同源蛋白1(SIRT1)mRNA的表达水平,用Western Blot检测SIRT1蛋白的表达水平。结果模型组、对照组和低、中、高浓度虫草素组以及干预A组、干预B组的增殖能力(光密度值)分别为(1.38±0.11),(1.86±0.06),(1.44±0.03),(1.60±0.05),(1.70±0.08),(1.85±0.04)和(1.85±0.06),细胞凋亡率分别为(6.72±1.00)%,(0.56±0.37)%,(3.86±0.16)%,(2.64±0.23)%,(2.16±0.15)%,(1.57±0.28)%和(0.86±0.20)%,SIRT1 mRNA表达相对倍数分别为(0.24±0.05),(2.97±0.41),(0.62±0.07),(1.37±0.18),(2.14±0.35),(3.45±0.76)和(3.02±0.79)。模型组、对照组、高浓度虫草素组、抑制剂B组和干预B组的SIRT1蛋白表达分别为(0.82±0.11),(1.14±0.29),(0.98±0.13),(0.74±0.19)和(1.30±0.20)。对照组和高浓度虫草素组的上述指标与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预A组和干预B组的细胞增殖力及SIRT1 mRNA表达水平与高浓度虫草素组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预B组细胞凋亡率与高浓度虫草素组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预B组SIRT1蛋白表达与抑制剂B组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论虫草素可能通过促进SIRT1表达,从而起到保护高糖损伤的内皮细胞作用。     

虫草素通过抑制氧化应激和炎症反应对骨折愈合的影响研究

[目的] 探讨虫草素治疗骨折愈合的作用及机制。[方法] 50只SPF级SD大鼠（240～270 g）,采用标准的大鼠闭合性股骨横行骨折内固定模型,并腹腔注射给予虫草素治疗;采用微型CT扫描仪（Micro-CT）对骨折大鼠股骨进行放射学检测,并用骨体积分数（BV/TV）,骨小梁厚度（Tb.Th）,骨小梁数（Tb.N）和骨密度（BMD）定量分析;采用商用融合检测试剂盒检测组织中骨源碱性磷酸酶（BAP）、核因子κB受体活化因子配体（RANKL）和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）的含量;采用苏木精-伊红染色（HE）、番红固绿染色和马松染色检测骨折大鼠股骨的病理学变化;采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）试剂盒检测骨折大鼠血清中白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的含量;采用商用融合检测试剂盒检测骨折大鼠血清丙二醛（MDA）含量及组织中MDA和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的含量。[结果] 与模型组相比,给予虫草素治疗大鼠的骨折部位明显愈合,并且Tb.Th,BV/TV,BMD,和Tb.N显著增加（P<0.05）;给予虫草素治疗大鼠的股骨组织中骨源碱性磷酸酶（BAP）、RANKL和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）含量呈剂量依赖性显著减少（P<0.05）;HE染色结果表明虫草素5 mg/kg和10 mg/kg组大鼠观察板层状骨排列整齐,编织骨减少;番红固绿染色结果表明虫草素5 mg/kg和10 mg/kg组大鼠观察到软骨组织减少,成骨组织增加;马松染色结果表明虫草素5 mg/kg和10 mg/kg组观察到成熟骨组织;虫草素呈剂量依赖性显著减小骨折大鼠IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量（P<0.05）;同时,虫草素呈剂量依赖性显著减小骨折大鼠血清MDA含量及组织中MDA和CAT的含量（P<0.05）。[结论] 虫草素对骨折愈合具有潜在的促进作用,并且这种作用可能与抗氧化应激和炎症反应有关。