Differentiating Suicide Attempters from Suicide Ideators: The Role of Capability for Suicide

This study examined whether different components of capability for suicide (i.e., fearlessness about death, pain tolerance, pain insensitivity, preparation for suicide, suicide plan, and courage), as well as painful and provocative events, nonsuicidal self-injury, depressive symptoms, and hopelessness, could distinguish between suicide attempters, suicide ideators, and non-suicidal controls. A total of 930 Chinese adolescents completed questionnaires, and a multinomial logistic regression was conducted to identify factors that could distinguish among the 3 groups. We found that higher levels of pain tolerance, more detailed suicide plans, more positive attitudes towards suicide, as well as more painful and provocative experiences and more severe depressive symptoms were positively associated with increased likelihood of the engagement in both suicide ideation and suicide attempts. Only nonsuicidal self-injury increased the likelihood of falling in the suicide attempt group as compared to the suicide ideation group. Findings of this study emphasize the role of nonsuicidal self-injury in intervening suicidality.     

Influence of harvest season on chemical composition and bioactivity of wild rue plant hydroalcoholic extracts

The rue (Ruta graveolens) copiousness in rural areas of the Campania Region based a thorough chemical and biological investigation aimed at exploring the seasonal variability of phenol constituents in rue leaves and its influence on their antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory capabilities. To this purpose, hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared from plant samples seasonally collected. LC-ESI-MS/MS techniques were employed to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the seasonal rue phenol content, whereas different chemical antioxidant assays (by DPPH, ABTS, Fe³⁺ RP, ORAC, and FCR methods) and XTT redox metabolic activity assay were performed to screen the seasonal phenol complex-related antioxidant and cytotoxic power. The ability of the rue leaf extracts to counteract cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was also evaluated. Data obtained highlighted that the adopted extraction procedure markedly pauperized the furanocoumarin content in all the prepared rue extracts. Flavonol glycosides, along with the flavone acacetin and two sinapic acid derivatives were the main constituents of the spring harvest-derived extract, which exerted the highest antioxidant capability in cell-free systems and was capable to inhibit COX-2 synthesis by 44% comparably to dexamethasone, used as positive control. Data provide new insights for developing a proper management of rue plants for new safe industrial purposes in herbal medicine field.     

新护士护患沟通能力欠缺原因分析

加强培养新护士沟通能力是医改新形势下护理管理者应倍加关注的课题。新护士沟通能力的欠缺主要表现为意识不强、内容不全、技巧不成熟和保密观念不牢等，原因涉及个体、社会经历的缺失、医患关系变化等多方面；建议把新护士沟通能力的培养融入进在职培训中，同时重视营造人文关怀氛围。     

直线加速器日质控数据分析及过程评估

目的 应用统计过程控制方法对加速器日质控(QC)数据进行分析,并对使用晨检仪的QC过程进行评估。方法 加速器、晨检仪校准后分别收集由技师、物理师摆位的100组、30组QC数据,设备第2次校准后再次收集技师摆位的QC数据100组,分析两次校准后技师摆位数据(各100组)的归一化信噪比的变化规律。使用由技师和物理师摆位的QC数据(各30组)绘制控制图,比较中心线位置和上下控制线范围的不同。计算由技师、物理师摆位的3个组日QC的过程能力指数。结果 两次校准的技师摆位数据归一化信噪比均为前6周变化较大,6~8周后趋于稳定,8周后逐渐变小。物理师摆位的QC数据在输出量一致性方面,上下控制线范围更窄;在平坦度、对称性方面,中心线更接近目标值0。对输出量一致性、平坦度方面,3个组日QC的过程能力指数均满足≥1要求;对称性Transverse方向均不满足。结论 应采用30~40个数据点绘制加速器日QC过程的控制图。QC过程应由相对固定且较少的QC人员完成,检测项目也应设置更适合的容差。     

应用Delphi法和AHP法构建中小学校公共卫生应急能力评估指标体系研究

目的 构建中小学校公共卫生应急能力指标体系,为加强中小学公共卫生应急处置能力建设提供科学依据。方法 在专家咨询和文献回顾的基础上,选取疾控专家、学校领导和校医共40人为调查对象,使用德尔菲法(Delphi)初步确定各级指标,使用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)确定各级指标的权重,建立中小学公共卫生应急能力指标体系。结果 指标体系由4个一级指标、12个二级指标、51个三级指标组成。4个一级指标分别为基础保障能力、应急队伍建设、应急体系建设、事件应对能力,权重系数分别为0.496 8、0.286 0、0.119 0和0.098 3。模型具有较好的一致性,一级指标CR=0.095 8,各项二级指标CR值均小于0.1。结论 本研究通过定量方法建立的指标体系具有较高可信度和实用性,可为中小学公共卫生能力建设提供科学依据。     

Do capability and functioning differ? A study of U.K. survey responses

A core feature of the capability approach is that a person's capabilities (what they are able to do and be in their life) can differ from their functionings (what they actually do and are in their life). However, the degree to which capability and functioning differ in practice is unclear. This paper investigates this issue, focusing on capability and functioning differences (CFD) across different aspects of life and different individuals. In the study, the ICECAP‐A capability questionnaire was modified to measure both functionings and capabilities and was completed by U.K.‐based convenience sample of 943 people. Around one third of people reported CFD in at least one area of their life, most commonly in terms of their “achievement.” People were more likely to report CFD when they had a degree‐level education and when they had impaired health. An additional finding was that capability varied more with education whereas functioning varied more with health status. This finding needs further examination, but it suggests that the choice of evaluative space may influence how priorities are set for public spending.     

Factors promoting resident deaths at aged care facilities in Japan: a review

Due to an increasingly ageing population, the Japanese government has promoted elderly deaths in aged care facilities. However, existing facilities were not designed to provide resident end‐of‐life care and the proportion of aged care facility deaths is currently less than 10%. Consequently, the present review evaluated the factors that promote aged care facility resident deaths in Japan from individual‐ and facility‐level perspectives to exploring factors associated with increased resident deaths. To achieve this, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science and Ichushi databases were searched on 23 January 2016. Influential factors were reviewed for two healthcare services (insourcing and outsourcing facilities) as well as external healthcare agencies operating outside facilities. Of the original 2324 studies retrieved, 42 were included in analysis. Of these studies, five focused on insourcing, two on outsourcing, seven on external agencies and observed facility/agency‐level factors. The other 28 studies identified individual‐level factors related to death in aged care facilities. The present review found that at both facility and individual levels, in‐facility resident deaths were associated with healthcare service provision, confirmation of resident/family end‐of‐life care preference and staff education. Additionally, while outsourcing facilities did not require employment of physicians/nursing staff to accommodate resident death, these facilities required visits by physicians and nursing staff from external healthcare agencies as well as residents' healthcare input. This review also found few studies examining outsourcing facilities. The number of healthcare outsourcing facilities is rapidly increasing as a result of the Japanese government's new tax incentives. Consequently, there may be an increase in elderly deaths in outsourcing healthcare facilities. Accordingly, it is necessary to identify the factors associated with residents' deaths at outsourcing facilities.     

中国卫生应急管理体系建设调查分析

目的了解当前省、市和县三级以"一案三制"为主的卫生应急管理体系建设情况,为加强中国卫生应急管理体系建设提供依据。方法于2013年采用横断面调查方法,对全国省、市和县级卫生应急管理体系建设中的政策保障、预案制定、法制建设、机制建设和指挥决策系统进行调查。结果省、市和县卫生应急管理体系建设均值百分比分别为83.1%、72.0%和65.8%;省级东部、中部和西部分别为84.8%、84.8%和80.1%,市级为77.1%、73.0%和66.9%,县级为68.6%、65.4%和60.5%。结论中国各省、市、县级各医疗卫生机构卫生应急管理体系建设总体提高的同时仍存在较大的行政级别差异和区域差异,基层和西部地区仍将是重点。     

固化光源对充填体与牙体密合度影响的实验研究

目的:研究两种固化光源固化同一种复合树脂充填体与牙体的密合度.方法:选取20颗离体前磨牙,采用析因设计随机分成10组,在颊面牙颈部制备Ⅴ类洞,使用卤素光固化灯和发光二极管光固化灯固化粘结剂20 s后,分别固化树脂20 s、30 s、40 s、50 s和60 s.将实验牙置于(37±1) ℃人工唾液中浸泡24 h后,置于(37±1) ℃恒温水浴箱内24 h后取出.使用扫描电镜观察牙合壁和龈壁处充填体与牙体的密合度并进行统计学分析.结果:固化粘结剂和树脂使用的光源及固化树脂使用的时间两者之间存在交互作用,差异有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01).10组中缝隙宽度最小均值为0.765 μm,出现在使用LED光固化灯固化粘结剂20 s,LED光固化灯固化树脂30秒组.结论:固化光源可影响充填体与牙体的密合度.适宜的固化时间可使充填体与牙体的密合度增加,固化时间过长或过短均会影响密合度.本研究显示使用发光二极管光固化灯固化粘结剂20 s,发光二极管光固化灯固化树脂30 s时充填体与牙体的密合度最好.