纳米科学技术及其在生物医学中的应用

简要综述了纳米科学技术的内容和在生物医学领域中的应用进展。     

Hybrid bodies and the materiality of everyday life: how people living with pacemakers and defibrillators reinvent everyday routines and intimate relations

Technologies inside bodies pose new challenges in a technological culture. For people with pacemakers and defibrillators, activities such as passing security controls at airports, using electromagnetic machines, electrical domestic appliances and electronic devices, and even intimate contacts with their loved ones can turn into events where the proper functioning of their device may be at risk. Anticipation of potentially harmful events and situations thus becomes an important part of the choreography of everyday life. Technologies inside bodies not only pose a challenge for patients living with these devices but also to theorising body‐technology relations. Whereas researchers usually address the merging of bodies and technologies, implants ask us to do the opposite as well. How are we to understand human‐technology relations in which technologies should not entangle with bodies because they serve other purposes? Based on a study of the daily life practices of people with pacemakers and defibrillators in the Netherlands and the US, I argue that disentanglement work, i.e. work involved to prevent entanglements with objects and people that may inflict harm upon implanted devices, is key to understanding how hybrid bodies can survive in today's densely populated technological landscape.     

Interrogating the microenvironmental landscape of tumors with computational image analysis approaches

The tumor microenvironment is an interacting heterogeneous collection of cancer cells, resident as well as infiltrating host cells, secreted factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. With the growing importance of immunotherapies, it has become crucial to be able to characterize the composition and the functional orientation of the microenvironment. The development of novel computational image analysis methodologies may enable the robust quantification and localization of immune and related biomarker-expressing cells within the microenvironment. The aim of the review is to concisely highlight a selection of current and significant contributions pertinent to methodological advances coupled with biomedical or translational applications. A further aim is to concisely present computational advances that, to our knowledge, have currently very limited use for the assessment of the microenvironment but have the potential to enhance image analysis pipelines; on this basis, an example is shown for the detection and segmentation of cells of the microenvironment using a published pipeline and a public dataset. Finally, a general proposal is presented on the conceptual design of automation-optimized computational image analysis workflows in the biomedical and clinical domain.     

Blended Natural Support Materials—Collagen Based Hydrogels Used in Biomedicine

Due to their unique properties—the are biocompatible, easily accessible, and inexpensive with programmable properties—biopolymers are used in pharmaceutical and biomedical research, as well as in cosmetics and food. Collagen is one of the most-used biomaterials in biomedicine, being the most abundant protein in animals with a triple helices structure, biocompatible, biomimetic, biodegradable, and hemostatic. Its disadvantages are its poor mechanical and thermal properties and enzymatic degradation. In order to solve this problem and to use its benefits, collagen can be used blended with other biomaterials such as alginate, chitosan, and cellulose. The purpose of this review article is to offer a brief paper with updated information on blended collagen-based formulations and their potential application in biomedicine.     

生物医学前沿进展在高等医学教育中的作用与实施策略

近年来生物医学研究发展迅速,生命组学、系统生物学、元基因组学、组织工程与干细胞技术、动物克隆技术等前沿领域的研究成果越来越多地应用于临床实践,使得人类疾病的诊断、治疗和预防方法和方式发生革命性的变化。这种发展必将对高等医学教育产生深刻影响,主要体现在医学人才培养目标的制定、医学课程体系与教学内容的更新、师资提升和教育资源配置等方面。生物医学的快速发展将促使医学教育的课程体系更加开放,基础医学教学内容更前沿,临床医学教学纳入更多新技术、人工智能和信息化等学科内容,同对教师素质和教学资源提出更高要求。     

生物医学工程学科在临床中的创新应用

介绍了生物医学工程学科的概念，讨论了生物医学工程学科的学科优势及其在临床中的常规应用，并举例探讨了生物医学工程学科医工结合的专业特色及其在临床中的创新应用，提出了未来生物医学工程学科的发展建议。     

融合技术在生物医学领域中的研究进展

融合技术提出的时间虽然很短,但是已经受到了很多国家的重视,并开展许多相关的研究工作.融合技术不仅是一项技术,而且是一种科学发展的趋势.学科间的交叉融合将有助于人类认识和解决更为复杂的科学问题.促进人类社会的进一步发展.本文从生物技术的应用角度来介绍融合技术的发展现状,从中我们可以看到融合技术对于生物技术发展的巨大促进作用,以及生物技术时于纳米、信息科学的依赖性,从而进一步说明融合技术的发展是科学技术发展的必然.     

“生物医学电子显微镜技术”研究生课程教学探讨

通过多年“生物医学电子显微镜技术”研究生课程教学工作,体会到应力求做到理论与实践相结合,专业知识与非专业知识相结合,多种显微技术相结合,基础研究与临床应用相结合,经典与前沿相结合,微观与宏观、结构与性能相结合。教学实践表明,这些原则有助于提高研究生教学质量,达到培养优秀的高素质医学人才的目的。     

De‐legitimising complementary medicine: framings of the Friends of Science in Medicine‐CAM debate in Australian media reports

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has developed into a complex and formidable commercial, sociocultural and political force in Australia, and given its influence, it is a relevant subject for scholars, health practitioners, health communicators, journalists, policy‐makers, and consumers of healthcare products and services. This research will consider a relative newcomer to the claims‐making space about CAM in the Australian health media‐scape; the Friends of Science in Medicine (FSM), an activist group of medical practitioners, researchers, and scientists, founded in late 2011. Using content analysis supported by NVivo, I searched for articles specifically referring to FSM and measured the patterns and frequencies of media frames, intonation and sources that are featured in Australian mainstream news reports between December 2011 and April 2017. The negative headlining and intonation of reports predominated, along with framing CAM as part of a lucrative, undisciplined and unethical industry as well as an illegitimate healthcare approach, more broadly. The findings offer insight into how journalists respond, replicate or reconstruct the framings that are provided by an influential and elite group of medical practitioners and scientists, and readdresses issues surrounding the need for more critical health reporting in Australia.     

生物医学本体工程进展

近年来,领域本体在生物医学钡域广泛应用,在知识的获取、管理和检索中发挥了积极作用。通过文献调研找出了牛物医学领域中的小体,选取其中的代表件本体进行调研与分析,并讨论了存在的问题和发展趋势。