Bacterial infection disrupts established germinal center reactions through monocyte recruitment and impaired metabolic adaptation

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龙胆泻肝汤对阴道加德纳菌的体外抑制作用

目的研究龙胆泻肝汤对阴道加德纳菌(GV)的体外抑制作用。方法利用稀释法检测龙胆泻肝汤对GV增殖的影响,并测定药物的最低抑菌浓度,通过革兰氏染色法观察龙胆泻肝汤对GV黏附人宫颈癌Hela细胞的影响,MTT法检测龙胆泻肝汤对GV细胞毒性的影响,96孔微量板法检测龙胆泻肝汤对GV生物膜形成的影响,qRT-PCR法检测龙胆泻肝汤对GV BAP、sialidase mRNA表达的影响。结果龙胆泻肝汤水提物、70%醇提物和90%醇提物对GV的最低抑菌浓度分别为(62.5±3.6)、(15.6±1.5)、(125.0±2.8) mg/mL。龙胆泻肝汤70%醇提物(1.56、15.6 mg/mL)能降低GV对Hela细胞的黏附,抑制GV生物膜的形成(P<0.01),下调BAP、sialidase mRNA表达(P<0.05,P<0.01),龙胆泻肝汤70%醇提物(15.6 mg/mL)抑制GV对Hela细胞的毒性作用(P<0.01)。结论龙胆泻肝汤70%乙醇提物能显著抑制GV增殖,并能抑制GV细胞毒性、粘附能力和生物膜形成。     

Bacterial Vaginosis: A Clinical Update with a Focus on Complementary and Alternative Therapies

Bacterial vaginosis is a prevalent vaginal infection that affects women of all ages. Presenting symptoms include a vaginal discharge that is thin and white and has a fishy odor. This infection is associated with the acquisition of other sexually transmitted infections as well as premature labor and preterm birth. Recurrence rates after treatment are high, and medication adverse effects are common, leading many women to seek alternative therapies to manage and prevent recurrence. Many of these treatments are searchable online, and ingredients are easily obtainable. The purpose of this article is to review the state of the science regarding the safety and efficacy of alternative therapies for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in nonpregnant women.     

Focal infection of periodontal origin

Periodontology has evolved from a predominantly mechanical to a sophisticated infectious disease‐based discipline. Research has paved the way for a greater understanding of the periodontal microbiome, improvement in periodontal diagnostics and therapies, and the recognition of periodontitis being associated with more than 50 systemic diseases. The etiopathology of progressive periodontitis includes active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens, and proinflammatory immune responses. This article points to a role of periodontal herpesviruses in the development of systemic diseases and proposes treatment of severe periodontitis not only to avoid tooth loss, but also to reduce the risk for systemic diseases. An efficient, safe, and reliable anti‐infective treatment of severe periodontitis is presented, which targets both herpesviruses and bacterial pathogens and which can be carried out in minimal time with minimal cost.     

Treating with besifloxacin for acute bacterial conjunctivitis: a Meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of besifloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. METHODS: A comprehensive search in PubMed, EMBASE Web of Science, Cochrane Central Database and CNKI was undertaken for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing besifloxacin with other treatments or placebo. The primary outcome measures were clinical resolution, rates of bacterial eradication, individual clinical outcomes, cure rates, and bacterial eradication rates of different kinds of pathogens. Safety outcomes were the number of adverse effects (AEs). The final search was performed on August 2018. RESULTS: Six RCTs were included. Four studies compared the efficacy and safety of besifloxacin with placebo, 1 study compared besifloxacin with moxifloxacin, and 1 study compared besifloxacin with gatifloxacin. A total of 2780 patients met the inclusion criteria. Besifloxacin presented higher efficacy and safety than did placebo in clinical resolution, rates of bacterial eradication, individual clinical outcomes, cure rates, bacterial eradication rates of different kinds of pathogens and the number of AEs. There was no significant difference between besifloxacin and moxifloxacin or gatifloxacin in the comparison items mentioned above. CONCLUSION: Besifloxacin is highly effective and safe for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Further comparative trials regarding the effect of besifloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis will aid in treatment decisions.     

层析法提纯A、C、Y、W135群脑膜炎球菌荚膜多糖工艺的建立

目的 建立A、C、Y、W135群脑膜炎球菌荚膜多糖层析纯化工艺。方法 采用陶瓷羟基磷灰石和DEAE Sepharose FF层析柱，在PBS体系中纯化A群多糖。以0.5%脱氧胆酸钠预处理C群多糖，用陶瓷羟基磷灰石层析柱在PBS体系中纯化C群多糖。以含有脱氧胆酸钠的平衡缓冲液溶解Y和W135群多糖，再用Capto Adhere和Capto DEAE层析柱串联纯化。纯化的多糖经Sephadex G-25 Medium层析柱脱盐后冻干，按中国药典2015年版三部的要求进行检定。结果  经过层析纯化，A、C、Y、W135群多糖的蛋白质含量分别降至3.7、4.2、5.4和5.3 mg/g，核酸含量分别降至1.2、3.0、1.1和0.8 mg/g，均符合药典要求。此外，磷、唾液酸和O-乙酰基含量等指标亦均符合药典标准。结论 建立了A、C、Y、W135群脑膜炎球菌荚膜多糖的层析纯化工艺。