中药喘可治对小鼠胸腺细胞抗凋亡作用研究

目的:研究中药喘可治(CKZ)对小鼠胸腺细胞的抗凋亡作用。方法:以地塞米松(DEX )诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡建模,以CKZ保护小鼠胸腺细胞;6h时点以AnnexinV -FITC/PI双染流式细胞术检测早期凋亡和坏死细胞、以PI染色流式细胞术检测晚期凋亡。结果:CKZ +DEX组早期凋亡比率(3 5 2 9±2 73 ) %显著低于DEX组(4 5 97±1 3 9) %(P <0 0 1) ;该两组坏死细胞比率差异不显著。DEX +CKZ组晚期凋亡百分率为(17 2 6±4 5 8) % ,显著低于CKZ组(3 3 88±5 61) % (P <0 0 1)。上述各组数据与对照组差异显著(P <0 0 1)。结论:CKZ可以显著的抑制DEX诱导的小鼠胸腺细胞早期和晚期凋亡     

槲皮素抗NIH-3T3细胞凋亡的作用

目的:探讨槲皮素对过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导NIH-3T3细胞凋亡的抑制作用。方法:体外培养小鼠成纤维细胞,取对数生长期的成纤维细胞分成四个实验组。对照组(C):仅加含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基。槲皮素前保护组(Qb):先用含有50μmol/L的槲皮素培养基作用24 h,再换含有0.5 mmol/L H2O2作用细胞30 m in。槲皮素后保护组(Qa):先用0.5 mmol/L H2O2作用细胞30 m in,再换含有50μmol/L的槲皮素培养基作用24 h。H2O2实验组(H2):先用含有0.5 mmol/L H2O2作用细胞30 m in,再换仅含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基作用24 h。取培养细胞提取DNA和制备1×107/m l细胞悬液的滴片,应用TUNEL和Ladder电泳检测细胞凋亡率;应用细胞免疫组化技术检测Bc l-2、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白质的表达。结果:由TUNEL和Ladder实验得出,Qb组的细胞凋亡率明显低于H2组和Qa组。由细胞免疫组化技术检测分析得出,Qb组与Qa、H2组相比,Bc l-2的表达增高,Bax、Caspase-3的表达减低。结论:槲皮素可能是通过上调Bc l-2的表达,下调Bax、Caspase-3的表达,对H2O2诱导NIH-3T3细胞的凋亡起到抑制作用。     

大鼠急性胰腺炎中核因子NF-κB抗凋亡机制的研究

目的探讨核因子NF—kB激活在急性胰腺炎抗凋亡机制中的作用。方法利用原位细胞凋亡检测法和免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠胰腺细胞凋亡及Bcl-2和Bcl—XL在胰腺组织中的表达。结果预防或治疗性给予N-乙酰半胱氨酸可不同程度地降低NF—kB激活，减轻胰腺坏死程度，增加胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡程度，降低Bcl-2和Bcl—XL蛋白的表达。结论细胞凋亡对腺泡细胞具有保护作用，与急性胰腺炎的严重程度呈负相关。Bcl-2和Bcl—XL基因表达可能参与NF—kB抗胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡过程。     

Flavonoids in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury: Therapeutic effects and mechanisms

Ischemic heart diseases are one of the major causes of death worldwide. Effective restoration of blood flow can significantly improve patients’ quality of life and reduce mortality. However, reperfusion injury cannot be ignored. Flavonoids possess well-established antioxidant properties;They also have other benefits that may be relevant for ameliorating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI). In this review,we focus on flavonoids with cardiovascular-protection function and emphasize their pharmacological effects. The main mechanisms of flavonoid pharmacological activities against MIRI involve the following aspects: a) antioxidant, b) anti-inflammatory, c) anti-platelet aggregation, d) anti-apoptosis, and e)myocardial-function regulation activities. We also summarized the effectiveness of flavonoids for MIRI.     

代谢相关脂肪性肝病的临床候选药物研究进展

代谢相关脂肪性肝病是全球范围内肝病的主要原因,影响了全球近1/4的人口,尚无药物获批用于治疗该病。从临床前到临床,多个制药企业分别开展了针对抗代谢、抗凋亡和抗炎、抗纤维化等靶点的研究,取得了不同的结果。总结上述不同靶点化合物在临床Ⅱ～Ⅲ期的研究进展,阐明代谢相关脂肪性肝病治疗药物研发中的难点,提出可能的研究思路。     

Netrin-1 attenuates ischemic stroke-induced apoptosis

In the present study we tested the protective effects of netrin-1 in stroke and investigated the potential underlying mechanisms. When we performed middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on adult mice, up-regulation of the receptor uncoordinated gene 5H2 (UNC5H2) but not its ligand netrin-1 was detected with RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Injection of netrin-1, 1 day after MCAO, significantly reduced infarct volume at 3 days after MCAO as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The ischemic cortex was preserved when netrin-1 was continuously administered. Fluoro-Jade and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling staining showed that netrin-1 reduced the number of dying neurons and apoptotic cells after MCAO. Ischemia-induced p53 expression was attenuated by netrin-1. We also tested the ability of netrin-1 to attract intrinsic neuronal stem cells to the infarct area. Both DCC and UNC5H2 were expressed in neurosphere culture and netrin-1 attracted stem cells in an in vitro transwell assay. However, in vivo netrin-1 administration did not enhance the MCAO-induced stem cell migration toward the infarct area. Our study shows that UNC5H2 expression was elevated after MCAO and administration of netrin-1 protected infarct tissue from p53-mediated apoptosis. These data indicate that the p53/dependent receptor pathway is involved in ischemic stroke pathology and suggest possible new stroke therapies.     

依达拉奉对大鼠急性脊髓损伤后bcl-2/bax表达及细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的观察依达拉奉对大鼠急性脊髓损伤后bcl-2/bax表达及细胞凋亡率的影响,探讨其对急性脊髓损伤后脊髓组织的保护作用。方法成年SD雄性大鼠60只,随机分成对照组和依达拉奉组,均采用改良Allen’s撞击法,致伤力为50gcf（10g×5cm）损伤T9～10制作动物模型,术后实验组给予依达拉奉3mg/kg,对照组给予等量生理盐水。每组分别于6h、12h、24h、72h、7d5个时间点处死动物取材,每个时间点6只大鼠,对受损脊髓部位进行免疫组织化学检测神经细胞凋亡因子bcl-2和bax基因的表达及用原位末端标记法（TUNEL法）标记神经元凋亡细胞。结果与对照组相比,依达拉奉组bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著提高,bax蛋白表达水平明显下降。对照组检测到较高的细胞凋亡率。依达拉奉组细胞凋亡率较对照组明显下降。结论依达拉奉可能通过清除氧自由基、上调bcl-2和下调bax蛋白表达来抑制大鼠脊髓损伤后神经细胞凋亡,从而保护大鼠神经组织。     

丹七散提取物抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸诱导的视神经节细胞凋亡机制

目的:观察丹七散提取物(DQSE)对N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)诱导损伤的大鼠视网膜神经节(RGCL)细胞抗凋亡作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法:Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、NMDA组、DQSE(3.9,7.8,15.6 g·kg^-1)组和阳性对照组(MK801,NMDA抑制剂)。给药7 d后,对照组大鼠玻璃体注射生理盐水,其余组玻璃体注射NMDA制备视网膜损伤模型。给药14 d后,TUNEL法观察RGCL凋亡;免疫组织染色法检测视网膜casepase-3表达分布;Western-blotting法测定视网膜Cleaved casepase-3,-8和-9表达水平。结果:中、高剂量DQSE能显著减少大鼠RGCL的TUNEL阳性表达率(P<0.01,P<0.001)和casepase-3阳性表达率(P<0.01,P<0.001)。DQSE(3.9,7.8,15.6 g·kg^-1)剂量依赖性地降低视网膜Cleaved casepase-3,-8,和-9表达水平。结论:DQSE通过下调Cleaved caspase-3蛋白及其上游的Cleaved caspase-8、-9蛋白表达水平产生抗凋亡作用,进而减少RGCL细胞丢失,实现视网膜保护作用。     

Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin on neurodegenerative and ischemic brain diseases: the role of erythropoietin receptor

Erythropoietin (Epo) is a fundamental hormone in the regulation of hematopoiesis, and other secondary roles mediated by the binding of the hormone to its specific receptor (EpoR), which leads to an activation of key signaling pathways that induce an increase in cell differentiation, apoptosis control and neuroprotection. It has been suggested that their function depends on final conformation of glycosylations, related with affinity to the receptor and its half-life. The presence of EpoR has been reported in different tissues including central nervous system, where it has been demonstrated to exert a neuroprotective function against oxidative stress conditions, such as ischemic injury and neurodegenerative diseases. There is also evidence of an increase in EpoR expression in brain cell lysates of Alzheimer's patients with respect to healthy patients. These results are related with extensivein vitro experimental data of neuroprotection obtained from cell lines, primary cell cultures and hippocampal slices. Additionally, this data is correlated with in vivoexperiments (water maze test) in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease where Epo treatment improved cognitive function. These stud-ies support the idea that receptor activation induces a neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative disorders including dementias, and especially Alzheimer's disease. Taken together, available evidence suggests that Epo appears to be a central element for EpoR activation and neuroprotective properties in the central nervous system. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms associated with neuroprotection and its relation with the activation of EpoR in order with identify new targets to develop pharmacological strategies.