反垄断法中滥用市场支配地位的界定

判断企业是否滥用其优势地位应从质和量两个方面进行界定 ,把优势地位的构成和支配地位企业滥用行为的内在性质及表现统一起来 ,从而保证市场竞争公平有序进行。     

抗感染性药物用于非感染性疾病治疗的弊端

目的呼吁严格限制抗微生物药物用于治疗非感染性疾病。方法根据抗微生物药物临床应用的相关报道,分析存在的弊与利、害与益。结果抗微生物药物在治疗非感染性疾病时,其杀菌和抑菌作用即成为治疗中的不良反应,不仅会破坏患者个体体内正常寄生菌群的平衡,引起继发感染;而且其广泛性和长期性的用药特点,将导致耐药性微生物的产生和发展。结论非感染性疾病的治疗有许多其他有效的药物,并非到了不用抗微生物药物不可的地步,因此应该把遏制微生物耐药性、保护现有抗微生物药物资源作为首要任务。     

台山市2010-2012年吸毒人群HIV、梅毒和丙肝感染状况调查分析

目的 了解台山市2010-2012年吸毒人群艾滋病病毒(HIV)、梅毒(TP)和丙肝(HCV)的感染情况.方法 对台山市所有新人所的吸毒人群进行HIV、TP和HCV血清学检测.结果 共检测吸毒者1 386人,男性占94.4％,平均年龄(36.1±7.6)岁.艾滋病抗体阳性率为5.7％(79/1 386),梅毒抗体阳性率为2.6％(35/1 386),丙肝抗体阳性率为63.3％(878/1 386).在检出的79名艾滋病感染者中,HIV+TP、HIV+HCV、HCV+TP双重感染率分别为0.3％(4/1 386)、5.5％(76/1 386)和1.9％(26/1 386),HIV+TP+HCV混合性多重感染率为0.3％(4/1 386).结论 台山市吸毒人群HIV、TP、HCV仍存在较高感染率,应加大对吸毒人群的监测和防病知识的宣传力度,采取综合防治干预措施,降低HIV、TP、HCV从高危人群向一般人群扩散和传播的危险性.     

吸毒者HAV、HBV、HCV重叠感染现况及影响因素研究

目的 了解吸毒者HAV、HBV、HCV重叠感染现况及其影响因素。方法 采用现况调查的方法，随机抽取某男性戒毒所和某女性戒毒所中的吸毒者，用问卷方式调查吸毒者有关资料，并用ELISA法测定其血清中HAV-1gG、表面抗原和HCV抗体，用SPSS10．0进行数据统计分析。结果 吸毒者HAV、HBV、HCV总的重叠感染率为5．3％，男性、女性重叠感染率分别为7．5%(34／452)和2．2％(7／320)。不同的吸毒方式和不同文化程度男性、女性重叠感染率有显著性差异(P＜0．05)，是否接种乙肝疫苗在女性重叠感染率有显著性差异(P＜0．05)。结论 男性、女性的重叠感染率均与吸毒方式和文化程度有关，注射方式较非注射方式感染率高(P＜0．01)，文化程度越低，感染率越高(P＜0．05)。对吸毒者接种甲肝乙肝联合疫苗及进行文化教育是降低HAV、HBV、HCV重叠感染风险的有效途径。     

Parenting skills and family support programs for drug-abusing mothers

Children born to drug-using mothers can suffer from fetal alcohol or drug syndrome (FAS/FDS) or fetal alcohol or drug effect (FAE/FDE). Such children have a greater likelihood of developing acute or chronic physical, cognitive and behavioral problems. In-utero exposure to tobacco, alcohol or drugs impact on the developing fetus and, after birth, the family environment and family system exert effects on the infants and children of substance-abusing parents. Evidence-based prevention and maternal drug treatment programs focus on enhancing parental childcaring abilities, supporting parent-child attachment and encouraging family support systems to improve children's health and cognitive outcomes. FAS/FDS prevention programs, as well as selective and indicated prenatal and postnatal interventions, can improve the support given both to mother and to child, and evidence-based, in-home parenting and family-skills-training approaches are particularly useful.     

Use of brief interventions for drug abusing teenagers within a middle and high school setting

BACKGROUND: Promising and encouraging results have been recently reported on the use of briefer interventions for adolescent drug abusers. Because middle- and high-school-based drug abuse intervention programs have grown in popularity over the past several decades, the use of brief interventions (BIs) in school settings merits consideration. METHODS: We review several clinical and school contextual issues pertaining to the scientific efficacy, feasibility, and application of BIs for students who are abusing drugs. RESULTS: Several advantages for employing BIs in a school setting are identified, including the relatively high base rate of students with mild-to-moderate drug involvement and the likelihood that school counselors can readily learn BI techniques. Caveats of implementing BIs include practical, systemic, and clinical barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Despite concerns, schools are a viable setting in which to screen youth for drug abuse problems and to conduct a BI.     

吸毒患者和普通患者术前四项感染性指标的检测与分析

目的：了解吸毒患者和普通患者术前乙肝、丙肝、艾滋病、梅毒等感染性疾病的感染情况。方法：HBsAg和TP采用金标法检测；抗-HCV和抗-HIV采用ELISA法（酶联免疫法）检测。结果：171例吸毒患者中HBsAg阳性16例（9.36％），抗-HCV阳性127例（71．26％），抗-HIV阳性4例（2．31％），TP阳性5例（2．92％）。2309例普通患者中HBsAg阳性211例4（9．14％），抗HCV阳性31例（1．34％），抗HIV阳性1例（0．01％）．TP阳性21例（0．91%），结论：吸毒患者的抗-HCV、抗-HIV、TP检出率与普通患者比较，差异均有显著性。对吸毒患者和普通患者术前进行四项感染性疾病指标检测均有极其重要的意义。     

抗感染性药物用于非感染性疾病治疗的弊端

OBJECTIVE To appeal for restricting strictly the application of antibiotics in treating non-infective disease.METHODS According to the related report of the clinical application of antibiotics,its gains and losses were analyzed.RESULTS The While antibioti     

Behaviour among children of substance‐abusing women attending a Special Child Welfare Clinic in Norway,as assessed by Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 285–294 Behaviour among children of substance‐abusing women attending a Special Child Welfare Clinic in Norway, as assessed by Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Background: A Special Child Welfare Clinic (SCWC) in Norway provides care for pregnant women with substance abuse problems. Treatment is given without substitution. This investigation assesses the behaviour of the children between the ages 6 and 13 years of women who attended the clinic. It also explores the correlation between the behaviour and a neuropsychological screening performed one and a half year earlier. The study was set up to investigate the influence of prenatal substance exposure. Method: Thirty‐eight SCWC children and 63 children in a comparison group were scored by Child Behavior Check List (CBCL). Twenty‐one (55%) SCWC mothers were classed as short‐term users (ceased substance abuse before the end of first trimester), and 17 (45%) were classed as long‐term users (continued a moderate substance abuse throughout pregnancy). Thirteen (77%) of the children of the long‐term users were living in foster homes at the time of the investigation. Results: SCWC children were scored within normal ranges for most items, but their scores were significantly worse than those of the comparison group. Children of short‐term users were given lower scores than comparisons on more issues in CBCL than were children of long‐term users. The SCWC children were breastfed for a shorter time (p = 0.023) and had moved house more often (p < 0.001) than comparisons. SCWC children living with their biological mothers received more special education or remedial classes (p ≤ 0.001) than children of the comparisons. Conclusion: Most children of long‐term users were living in foster homes. Notably, children of short‐term users, that is, children living with their biological mothers, were given lower scores than comparisons in CBCL. Children of short‐term users were more likely to receive special education than children of comparisons. More research is needed on how to reveal parenting problems and how to guide mothers with previous or present substance abuse problems.     

对吸毒原因的调查与分析

目的:为了进一步了解吸毒的原因,探讨防止吸毒的措施,加强吸毒的一级预防.方法:作者用自行设计的调查问卷调查324名吸毒者.结果:毒品黑市和高危地点的存在,致瘾性强的药物被滥用、误用是导致吸毒的社会因素.家庭教育的失败和家庭成员之间的不良关系增加了子女走上吸毒之路的可能性;稳定的婚姻对吸毒具有一定的抑制作用.受教育程度与是否容易染上吸毒有一定的相关性;工作流动性越大,该人群的吸毒者越多;逞强心理和好奇心是导致吸毒的重要心理因素;被调查者第一次吸毒、毒品的来源、复吸都与个人交往情况有极其密切的关系;吸毒者的辨别能力与意志力不强.结论:建议加大对种毒、贩毒的打击,对已发现的吸毒人员进行有效的强制戒毒;加强对高危人群、高危地点的干预;加强心理教育;加强家庭的建设等.