全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1644篇 |
免费 | 121篇 |
国内免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 5篇 |
儿科学 | 55篇 |
妇产科学 | 19篇 |
基础医学 | 220篇 |
口腔科学 | 15篇 |
临床医学 | 136篇 |
内科学 | 295篇 |
皮肤病学 | 53篇 |
神经病学 | 38篇 |
特种医学 | 26篇 |
外科学 | 647篇 |
综合类 | 71篇 |
预防医学 | 52篇 |
眼科学 | 7篇 |
药学 | 67篇 |
中国医学 | 7篇 |
肿瘤学 | 74篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 40篇 |
2022年 | 49篇 |
2021年 | 93篇 |
2020年 | 80篇 |
2019年 | 166篇 |
2018年 | 200篇 |
2017年 | 108篇 |
2016年 | 54篇 |
2015年 | 45篇 |
2014年 | 73篇 |
2013年 | 84篇 |
2012年 | 56篇 |
2011年 | 76篇 |
2010年 | 63篇 |
2009年 | 72篇 |
2008年 | 58篇 |
2007年 | 44篇 |
2006年 | 44篇 |
2005年 | 43篇 |
2004年 | 34篇 |
2003年 | 41篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 18篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1787条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
Qing-Yang Que Lin-Cheng Zhang Jia-Qi Bao Sun-Bin Ling Xiao Xu 《World journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2022,14(5):397-408
Over the last 40 years, the incidence and prevalence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) have continued to increase. Compared to other epithelial neoplasms in the same organ, GEP-NENs exhibit indolent biological behavior, resulting in more chances to undergo surgery. However, the role of surgery in high-grade or advanced GEP-NENs is still controversial. Surgery is associated with survival improvement of well-differentiated high-grade GEP-NENs, whereas poorly differentiated GEP-NENs that may benefit from resection require careful selection based on Ki67 and other tissue bio markers. Additionally, surgery also plays an important role in locally advanced and metastatic disease. For locally advanced GEP-NENs, isolated major vascular involvement is no longer an absolute contraindication. In the setting of metastatic GEP-NENs, radical intended surgery is recommended for patients with low-grade and resectable metastases. For unresectable metastatic disease, a variety of surgical approaches, including cytoreduction of liver metastasis, liver transplantation, and surgery after neoadjuvant treatment, show survival benefits. Primary tumor resection in GEP-NENs with unresectable metastatic disease is associated with symptom control, prolonged survival, and improved sensitivity toward systemic therapies. Although there is no established neoadjuvant or adjuvant strategy, increasing attention has been given to this emerging research area. Some studies have reported that neoadjuvant therapy effectively reduces tumor burden, improves the effectiveness of subsequent surgery, and decreases surgical complications. 相似文献
2.
Tianying Yang Jiawei Li Yichen Jia Chunchen Yang Ruirui Sang Tongyu Zhu Ming Xu Ruiming Rong Cheng Yang 《Translational andrology and urology》2021,10(1):204
BackgroundIn the field of transplantation, inducing immune tolerance in recipients is of great importance. Blocking co-stimulatory molecule using anti-CD28 antibody could induce tolerance in a rat kidney transplantation model. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) reveals strong immune suppressive abilities in kidney transplantation. Here we analyzed key genes of MDSCs leading to transplant tolerance in this model.MethodsMicroarray data of rat gene expression profiles under accession number in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. Running the LIMMA package in R language, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found. Enrichment analysis of the DEGs was conducted in the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database to explore gene ontology (GO) annotation and their Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Their protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were provided by STRING database and was visualized in Cytoscape. Hub genes were carried out by CytoHubba.ResultsThree hundred and thirty-eight DEGs were exported, including 27 upregulated and 311 downregulated genes. The functions and KEGG pathways of the DEGs were assessed and the PPI network was constructed based on the string interactions of the DEGs. The network was visualized in Cytoscape; the entire PPI network consisted of 192 nodes and 469 edges. Zap70, Cdc42, Stat1, Stat4, Ccl5 and Cxcr3 were among the hub genes.ConclusionsThese key genes, corresponding proteins and their functions may provide valuable background for both basic and clinical research and could be the direction of future studies in immune tolerance, especially those examining immunocyte-induced tolerance. GSE28545相似文献
3.
4.
《European journal of surgical oncology》2021,47(12):3105-3112
BackgroundDetails of perioperative outcomes and survival after gastric cancer surgery in prior transplant recipients have received minimal research attention.MethodsWe performed an observational cohort study using the database of 20,147 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy at a single gastric cancer center in Korea. Forty-one solid organ recipients [kidney (n = 35), liver (n = 5), or heart (n = 1)] were matched with 205 controls using propensity score matching.ResultsOperation time, blood loss, and postoperative pain were similar between groups. Short-term complication rates were similar between transplantation and control groups (22.0% vs. 20.1%, P = 0.777). Transplantation group patients with stage 1 gastric cancer experienced no recurrence, while those with stage 2/3 cancer had significantly higher recurrence risk compared to the controls (P = 0.049). For patients with stage 1 cancer, the transplantation group had a significantly higher rate of non-gastric cancer-related deaths compared to the controls (19.2% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.001). For those with stage 2/3 cancer, significantly lower proportion of the transplantation group received adjuvant chemotherapy compared to the control group (26.7% vs. 80.3%, P < 0.001). The transplantation group had a higher (albeit not statistically significant) rate of gastric cancer-related deaths compared to the controls (40.0% vs. 18.0%, P = 0.087).ConclusionTransplant recipients and non-transplant recipients exhibited similar perioperative and short-term outcomes after gastric cancer surgery. From long-term outcome analyses, we suggest active surveillance for non-gastric cancer-related deaths in patients with early gastric cancer, as well as strict oncologic care in patients with advanced cancer, as effective strategies for transplant recipients. 相似文献
5.
Invasive Fungal Infections in Low-Risk Liver Transplant Recipients: A Multi-Center Prospective Observational Study 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
P. G. Pappas D. Andes M. Schuster S. Hadley J. Rabkin R. M. Merion C. A. Kauffman C. Huckabee G. A. Cloud W. E. Dismukes A. W. Karchmer 《American journal of transplantation》2006,6(2):386-391
Prevention of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients utilizing postoperative systemic antifungal prophylaxis, typically with fluconazole, is justified among those at high risk for IFI. Use of postoperative antifungal prophylaxis for low-risk OLT recipients is widely practiced but not universally accepted nor supported by data. We conducted a prospective observational study among 200 OLT recipients who were at low risk for IFI and did not receive postoperative antifungal prophylaxis. Patients were considered low risk if they had =1 of the following conditions: choledochojejunostomy anastomosis; retransplantation; intra-operative administration of >/=units of 40 blood products or return to the operating room for intra-abdominal bleeding; return to the operating room for anastomotic leak or vascular insufficiency; preoperative serum creatinine of >/=2 mg/dL; and perioperative Candida colonization. Patients were followed 100 d post-transplantation for evidence of IFI. Of 193 eligible patients, 7 (4%) developed an IFI. Three (2%) IFIs were due to Candida spp. and potentially preventable by standard fluconazole prophylaxis. Three patients developed invasive aspergillosis; one developed late onset disseminated cryptococcosis. Liver transplant recipients at low risk for IFI can be identified utilizing pre-determined criteria, and post-transplantation antifungal prophylaxis can be routinely withheld in these patients. 相似文献
6.
Costas D Lallas Erik P Castle Richard T Schlinkert Paul E Andrews 《JSLS, Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons》2006,10(2):135-140
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In 1999, our institution began a kidney transplant program with collaboration between the departments of General Surgery/Transplantation and Urology. From the onset, donor nephrectomies were performed laparoscopically and are currently the domain of Urology, which had no prior laparoscopic experience before this undertaking. We reviewed our experience. METHODS: A database of our experience was kept prospectively from June 1999 to November 2004. Records of both donors and recipients were reviewed. Special attention was directed toward our changes in technique and their relationship to outcomes, with emphasis on graft extraction and overall complication rates. RESULTS: We reviewed the records of 205 consecutive procedures. We report excellent donor outcomes, including mean operative time (112 minutes), estimated blood loss (120 mL), and length of stay (2.3 days). Complication (14.1%) and open conversion (1.5%) rates were low. For the recipients, early (98.0%) and 1-year (94.7%) graft survival, and ureteral ischemia (2.4%) rates were also appropriate with contemporary experience. CONCLUSIONS: We report our results on laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in a de novo renal transplant program. Because of this experience, we have ventured into other horizons of urologic laparoscopy and currently produce enough volume to support a laparoscopic fellowship. We feel that a productive donor nephrectomy program can enhance urologic laparoscopic programs and should be taken advantage of when available. 相似文献
7.
G Tufveson W Geelings M Broyer F P Brunner H Brynger S R Dykes J H Ehrich W Fassbinder G Rizzoni N H Selwood 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1989,4(3):161-171
This paper summarises the information given on the 1986 EDTA Registry centre questionnaire which was returned by 82% of the 2,065 known dialysis and transplant centres in 33 European countries. Information is given on the number of patients alive on haemodialysis according to the type of dialysis facilities available where the patient was receiving dialysis and the number of patients receiving special types of dialysis. The centre questionnaire also included questions on testing for HIV infection, serological evidence or symptoms of AIDS and the diagnosis of hepatitis B in patients and staff. The data given in response to these questions are presented together with data on the involvement of dietitians and social workers in the treatment of patients with end stage renal failure. Finally, information on transplant activity in Europe and the treatment policies of transplanting centres is provided. 相似文献
8.
María de Oña Navarro Santiago Melón Susana Méndez Beatriz Iglesias Ana Palacio María J. Bernardo José L. Rodriguez-Lambert Ernesto Gómez 《Transplant international》2002,15(11):570-573
Ganciclovir (GCV) prophylaxis or pre-emptive therapy significantly reduce the rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease and viremia, but increase the potential for emergence of ganciclovir-resistant CMV strains. The inhibitor concentration at 50% (IC(50)) of GCV from 156 CMV isolates from 59 renal or heart transplant recipients was calculated by means of a rapid phenotypic susceptibility assay. Twenty-seven strains were from 14 patients undergoing GCV therapy. The IC(50) was higher in patients under the prophylaxis regimen. One CMV strain, from a heart transplant recipient, became GCV-resistant after 1 month of therapy (IC(50)=13.7 micromol/l). These data, together with clinical and virological markers, suggested that a switch to foscarnet was necessary, and good evolution was observed. Thus, assay of CMV susceptibility to GCV could be helpful in clinical management. 相似文献
9.
M. Grant B. Ferrell G. M. Schmidt P. Fonbuena J. C. Niland S. J. Forman 《Quality of life research》1992,1(6):375-384
This study was designed to assess the reliability and validity of a Quality of Life (QOL) instrument on a sample of 179 allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) survivors. The QOL-BMT tool was developed specifically for this population and was based on the investigators' prior research and a conceptual model of Quality of Life. Patients who were at least 100 days post BMT completed the 30 item visual analogue questionnaire. The instrument measured physical symptoms (e.g., weight loss, frequent colds, skin changes, cataracts, sexual problems), psychological to illness, social concerns (e.g., relationship adjustment, return to work), and spiritual well-being (e.g., sense of control, future goals). Psychometric analysis of the instrument included measures of reliability and validity. The study findings demonstrate the unique aspects of QOL dimensions in BMT survivors and the value of QOL assessment in clinical practice and research.This study was supported by the City of Hope National Medical Center, NCI Cancer Center Core Grant, R30 CA 33572 and the City of Hope BRSG Grant Support. 相似文献
10.
The capacity of dopamine (DA)-rich embryonic grafts to influence performance in a skilled motor task has been assessed. In two separate experiments, unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of forebrain DA systems induced a neglect of the contralateral limb and an almost total preference for use of the ipsilateral limb when reaching through the bars of a cage for food pellets. If the food paw was restrained, either by a bracelet or by injection of a local anaesthetic, the lesioned rats would continue to make many reaching attempts with the contralateral paw, but on the great majority of these attempts they were unsuccessful in grasping or retrieving food. DA-rich grafts, reinnervating the denervated caudate-putamen, provided no detectable benefit to the lesioned rats, neither in reducing the ipsilateral bias in their side preference, nor in increasing their success when constrained to reaching with the contralateral limb. This failure to benefit from the grafts is not due to the grafts themselves not being viable, since the same rats showed substantial compensation of whole body motor asymmetries in spontaneous and drug-induced rotation, and a reduction of asymmetry in a battery of neurological tests of sensorimotor function. The results are discussed in terms of the degree of anatomical integration of the grafts into the host neural circuitry, and the neural organization necessary for the performance of different classes of behavior. 相似文献