无注气内镜下甲状腺次全切除术的手术护理

目的探讨无注气内镜下甲状腺次全切除术的手术方法及术中护理要点。方法6例经右侧锁骨上外侧1/3处行长2.5cm的小切口进入,分离皮下致颈阔肌后纵形切开颈白线,分离胸骨舌骨肌和胸骨甲状腺肌,暴露甲状腺,建立置镜通道,在内镜引导下用超声刀分别离断甲状腺下,上极血管,超声刀切割甲状腺,缝合创面,检查无活动性出血,放置引流管,皮内缝合手术切口,完成手术。结果刀口隐蔽完美,颈部无暴露的切口,手术术野清晰,出血减少,手术中副损伤减少。结论术前访视,术中积极的护理配合及观察对于无注气内镜下甲状腺手术的成功十分重要。     

Abordajes en cirugía tiroidea

Thyroidectomy is the most frequent procedure in endocrine surgery. The conventional approach through a collar incision, as described by Kocher in XIX^th century, has become the “gold standard”. It is continuously evolving in spite of, many years ago, it showed to be safe and efficient with quality standards difficult to beat.Endoscopic and robotic surgery have developed “new approaches” to thyroid in order to improve the cosmetic results, looking even for invisible scars.We have done a thoughtful review of most of them trying to understand their benefits and drawbacks.Currently none of these “new approaches” have been shown to be better than conventional open thyroidectomy beyond offering a better cosmetic result. Besides, only a small percentage of patients can benefit of them. However, most of these approaches will remain if they treat the diseased thyroid and also improve the quality of life of our patients.     

The intracranial branch; A rare anatomical variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve; Case report

IntroductionThe recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) originates from the Vagus nerve intrathoracically. It passes through the tracheoesophageal groove (TEG) in the neck and different variations in this section were observed. The RLN is at highest risk for injury during the thyroid surgery. Therefore, it is important to know variations to decrease the injury effectively.Presentation of caseA 50 years-old woman with no thyroid related complaints except for enlargement of the thyroid gland in recent 12-months that annoyed her during neck movement and for aesthetic features. Medical, surgical, drugs, irradiation history, laboratory data, and physical examination was unremarkable except for multi-lobulated enlarged thyroid gland. The CT scanning study revealed intrathoracic extension of the gland. Patient underwent total thyroidectomy with suspicious diagnosis of multinodular goiter which was confirmed later by pathologic study. Intraoperative exploration of the right RLN discovered an intracranial branch originating from the recurrent laryngeal trunk just beneath the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) at the level of the nerve intersection. The branch then passed laterally about 1 cm and penetrated in ipsilateral carotid sheath.DiscussionThe RLN has different anatomical variations in either the right or the left side of the neck. However extra-laryngeal nerve branching is the most common variation but other seldom variations including the non-RLN, and intracranial branch should be mentioned by surgeon intraoperatively.ConclusionTo decrease iatrogenic injuries to RLN and its associated nerve branches knowledge of the nerve anatomy is mandatory for surgeon to prevent morbid side effects.     

甲状腺切除病例喉返神经损伤的分析

目的：研究甲状腺切除术的主要并发症－－喉返神经（ＲＬＮ）麻痹的相关因素。方法：回顾性研究１５６３例甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,重点分析ＲＬＮ损伤与术式、ＲＬＮ在术中是否被分离保护以及与甲状腺疾病的病理关系。结果：ＲＬＮ损伤率是７．８％,与组织病理恶性程度明显相关（Ｐ〈０．０１）,但术中如明确找到ＲＬＮ并加以保护,术后则无ＲＬＮ永外性损害,暂时麻痹仅１．６％。结论：术中对ＲＬＮ的保护应该强调避免医源性     

甲状腺手术患者围术期预防应用抗菌药物的分析

目的了解我院甲状腺手术患者围手术期预防应用抗菌药物情况。方法对我院2011年117例甲状腺手术围手术期预防应用抗菌药物的种类、用药时间、更换品种等进行统计、分析。结果 117例手术患者有114例在围手术期预防性应用抗菌药物,占97.44%。药物种类以头孢类为主,占86.4%。预防用药时间平均为3.44d。不合理用药主要表现在预防用药档次高,首次用药时机不恰当,术后用药时间偏长、无指征换药等方面。结论需进一步加强临床医师的培训和管理,增强合理用药意识。     

分化型甲状腺癌的外科治疗

目的 总结分化型甲状腺癌的诊治经验.方法 回顾110例分化型甲状腺癌的临床资料.结果 全组均行手术治疗辅以内分泌治疗,110例分化型甲状腺癌中,病理示乳头状癌88例(80%),滤泡状腺癌22例(20%).淋巴结转移者22例(20%).手术方式包括单侧病变行患侧腺叶加峡部及对侧大部切除59例(其中功能性颈清扫12例),息侧腺叶加峡部切除29例(其中功能性颈清扫7例);双侧病变行一侧腺叶加峡部及对侧大部分切除18例(其中功能性颈清扫5例),甲状腺全切除术加双侧颈清扫2例;1例肺转移患者行甲状腺全切及颈部淋巴结清扫术后行[3]内放射治疗.98例术后随访10年生存率91.8%.结论 分化型甲状腺癌预后较佳,治疗关键是正确根据其病情选择合适的手术方式.     

低领小弧形切口在甲状腺切除术患者中的临床价值

目的研究低领小弧形切口在甲状腺切除术患者中的临床应用价值。方法选取2012年1月～2013年5月进行常规甲状腺切除术治疗的31例患者为对照组,并以31例采用低领小弧形切口手术进行治疗的患者为观察组,统计并比较两组患者的出血量、美观程度、并发症发生率及术后不同时间的疼痛程度。结果观察组的出血量小于对照组．美观程度优于对照组。并发症发生率低于对照组,术后疼痛评估结果均优于对照组,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论低领小弧形切口在甲状腺切除术患者中的综合应用价值较高,对患者的不良影响更小．美观程度也更受肯定。     

内镜下甲状腺切除术与常规甲状腺切除术比较的系统评价

目的评估内镜下甲状腺切除术与常规甲状腺切除术相比的有效性及安全性。方法检索国内外数据库中比较内镜下甲状腺切除术与常规甲状腺切除术的随机对照试验。完成数据提取和文献质量评价后,采用RevMan5.1软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果本评价纳入11个研究共1398例患者。内镜下甲状腺切除术的优点有美容评分高[SMD=4.23,95%CI(2.66,5.80),P<0.05]、伤口满意度高[RR=2.25,95%CI(1.89,2.70),P<0.05]。缺点是手术时间长[SMD=1.02,95%CI(0.44,1.59),P<0.05]、术后引流量多[SMD=0.89,95%CI(0.56,1.23),P<0.05]。两种手术方式的并发症、复发率均无差别。结论内镜下甲状腺切除术适用于对美容要求高的患者,同时需考虑其优缺点及费用。     

甲状腺腺叶切除术精细化操作技术临床结果初步报告

目的 回顾总结集程序化、精细化操作与质控为一体的甲状腺腺叶切除术外科模式在甲状腺全切除术中临床应用结果.方法 2013年5月至2014年8月应用该外科模式实施甲状腺全切除72例,按程序化的设计和步骤进行精细化操作完成手术,对手术切口、手术时间、术中出血量、术中重要结构保护、切口愈合、术后并发症、患者满意度情况进行总结.结果 颈部第二皮纹切口更符合患者立位的社会属性;一侧腺叶手术时间30 ～ 50 min;出血约2～5 ml;无喉上神经损伤,出现暂时性喉返神经麻痹4侧,术后3～4周均自行恢复;暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退10例,术后4～6周自行恢复;切口均一期愈合;手术切口非常满意66例,满意4例,可接受2例.结论 集程序化、精细化操作与质控为一体的甲状腺腺叶切除外科模式对甲状腺手术的实施是一种良好的外科模式,对标准化流程的建立、质控和临床教学均有积极的推动作用.     

微型腹腔镜甲状腺肿瘤切除术的临床研究

目的探讨微型腹腔镜在甲状腺肿瘤切除术中的疗效。方法运用微型腹腔镜对13例甲状腺肿瘤患者进行经胸部入路的甲状腺切除术。结果13例手术均获成功,患者恢复良好,平均手术时间90min,平均术中出血量20mL,平均术后住院时间6d。术后无出血、窒息、喉返神经或甲状旁腺损伤等严重并发症。结论微型腹腔镜甲状腺肿瘤切除术安全可靠,美容效果明显,是目前腔镜甲状腺手术方式中创伤较小的一种新术式。