Preoperative comprehensive malignancy risk estimation for thyroid nodules: Development and verification of a network-based prediction model

BackgroundIn order to avoid excessive treatment of thyroid nodules in the clinic, it is necessary to find a simple and practical analysis method to comprehensively and accurately reflect benign or malignant thyroid nodules. This study aimed to construct and validate a comprehensive and reliable network-based predictive model using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria for thyroid nodules to stratify the risk of malignancy prior to surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent surgical treatment for thyroid nodules at the Thyroid and Breast Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2018 and December 2020. Binary logical regression analysis was performed to predict whether nodules were malignant or benign. The developmental dataset included 457 patients (January 2018–December 2020). The validation set included separate data points (n = 225, January 2018–December 2020).ResultsIn this study, criteria that showed significant predictive value for malignant nodules included TI-RADS: 4b (p = 0.065); Bethesda IV, Bethesda V, Bethesda VI (P < 0.0001); BRAF^V600E mutation (P < 0.0001); Calcitonin>5 pg/ml (p = 0.0037); and FNA-Tg>30 ng/ml (p = 0.0003). A 10-grade risk scoring system was developed. The risk of malignancy risk ranged from 2.06% to 100% and was positively associated with increasing risk grade. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the development and validation sets were 0.972 and 0.946, respectively.ConclusionA simple, comprehensive and reliable web-based predictive model was designed using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria to stratify thyroid nodules by probability of malignancy.     

Hallazgos ecográficos en el tejido tímico ectópico intratiroideo en niños y adolescentes. Una revisión sistemática

Intrathyroidal ectopic thymic tissue (IETT) is an indulgent, unusual entity and is part of the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules in the pediatric population. Because of the low prevalence of IETT, the diagnosis may be difficult. Awareness of this diagnosis is definitive to avoid surgical interventions. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the echographic characteristics of IETT. We conducted a search of Ovid, PubMed and the virtual health library.A total of 619 patients with a mean age of 6.2 years old were included. IETT was located in the lower portion of both of the thyroidal lobes in 556 children, the echographic shape was reported for 173 patients, with the fusiform shape as the most representative, the appearance of the IETTs was reported for 121 patients, the most common was the hypoechogenic pattern with multiple internal echogenic foci. The average lesion diameter was 5.53 mm, and Doppler findings reported a hipovascular pattern in 56% of the lesions.In conclusion, IETT is an infrequent entity; nonetheless, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of neck nodules in children and should be study and follow with echography to avoid unnecessary surgery.     

甲状腺结节超声引导下粗针穿刺组织学活检的有效性研究

目的研究甲状腺结节超声引导下粗针穿刺(US－CNB)组织学活检的有效性，探讨其对甲状腺结节的诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2016年6月行术前US－CNB的2 051例患者的2 286个结节的病理诊断，将其中在本院行手术切除的530个甲状腺结节纳入本研究。以术后组织病理学为金标准，采用SPSS 19.0统计软件分析处理数据，分析US－CNB病理诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度，并用ROC曲线对比粗针穿刺活检病理结果及手术病理结果。 结果US－CNB的2 286个甲状腺结节中仅2例取材不成功，2 284个(99.9%)结节取材切片成功，得到组织病理诊断；530个术后结节的US－CNB的诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度分别99.8%、86.5%、98.6%、97.8%和98.5%。 结论由于US－CNB对甲状腺结节有很高的取材成功率及病理诊断准确率，从而对甲状腺结节有很高的术前诊断价值。     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结跳跃性转移因素Logistic回归分析

目的探讨影响甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结跳跃性转移的相关危险因素。 方法回顾性分析2013年6月至2018年1月161例甲状腺癌患者行甲状腺切除术的临床资料，根据是否发生淋巴结跳跃性转移分为两组，运用SPSS 24.2软件进行统计分析。分类及等比数据采用频数、构成比进行统计描述，比较采用χ²检验。对单因素分析有意义的变量进行Logistic回归分析；以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果161例患者中共有25例患者发生淋巴结跳跃性转移，淋巴结跳跃性转移发生率为15.5%；单因素分析显示年龄、肿瘤大小及肿瘤位置则与跳跃性转移的发生密切相关(P<0.05)；多因素分析结果显示，原发灶直径≤1 cm(OR＝0.182, 95%CI＝0.070～0.472, P＝0.000)与肿瘤累位于甲状腺上极(OR＝0.218, 95%CI＝0.082～0.574, P＝0.002)均为跳跃性颈侧区淋巴转移的独立危险因素。 结论甲状腺乳头状癌患者肿瘤位置位于上极、直径≤ 1 cm与跳跃转移密切相关；对于此类患者必要时需行患侧颈侧区淋巴结清扫，以降低临床甲状腺乳头状癌术后淋巴结转移风险。     

超声刀在甲状腺肿瘤手术中的应用效果及安全性评价

目的探讨超声刀在甲状腺肿瘤手术中的应用效果及安全性评价。 方法选择2015年6月至2018年6月手术治疗的甲状腺瘤手术患者100例为研究对象，按随机数字表法分为超声刀组和电刀组，每组患者各50例。电刀组给予常规的高频电刀切除，超声刀组患者给予超声刀手术切除。以SPSS 22.0进行数据处理与分析，组间术中术后各项指标、TSH、PTH、PCT水平等计量资料以( ±s)表示，独立t检验；并发症发生率采用χ²检验，当P<0.05时差异有统计学意义。 结果①超声刀组患者的手术时间、术中失血量、术后引流量、术后住院时间均低于电刀组(P<0.05)。②术前两组患者的血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、血清降钙素原(PCT)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，治疗后超声刀组患者的TSH、PTH水平均高于电刀组，而PCT水平则低于电刀组(P<0.05)。③超声刀组患者术后并发症发生率为6.0%(3/50)，低于电刀组患者22.0%(11/50)，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论与常规电切术相比，超声刀手术切除甲状腺肿瘤的效果更为显著，能够降低患者术中出血量、缩短手术时间，术后恢复快，且手术并发症少，安全性高，可在临床上进一步推广应用。     

完全乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺手术治疗早期分化型甲状腺癌的疗效分析

目的探讨完全乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺手术治疗早期分化型甲状腺癌的临床效果。 方法回顾性分析2013年2月至2017年10月63例早期分化型甲状腺癌的临床资料，根据手术方式分为腔镜组(28例)和开放组(35例)，采用SPSS22.0统计学软件进行分析，两组患者术中术后各项指标、VSA评分等以( ±s)表示，采用独立t检验；术后切口瘢痕形成率、患者满意度和并发症发生率等组间比较采用χ²检验，均以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果腔镜组手术时间、住院费用、术后总引流量均高于开放组，但术中出血量、平均住院时间、VSA评分明显优于开放组(均P<0.05)。两组患者清扫淋巴结数目及术后并发症发生率比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；腔镜组术后切口瘢痕形成率及满意度明显优于开放组(P<0.05)。 结论完全乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺手术治疗早期分化型甲状腺癌是安全可行的，患者满意度高，值得在临床广泛开展。