多抗F（ab＇）_2－ELISA测定人血清抗TG－Ab_2及意义

为了克服单抗测定甲状腺球蛋白独特型抗体（抗ＴＧ－Ａｂ＿２）的局限性，便于常规检测，我们建立了兔抗ＴＧ多克隆抗体的Ｆ（ａｂ＇）＿２－ＥＬＩＳＡ测定人血清中的抗ＴＧ－Ａｂ＿２．结果其抗ＴＧ－Ａｂ＿２阳性率：甲亢（Ｇｒａｖｅ＇３）为９．９％（７／７１），桥本氏甲状腺炎为４４．４％（４／９），甲状腺瘤为１６．７％（３／１８），ＳＬＥ为９．５％（４／４２），类风湿性关节炎为０％（０／３２），正常人为０％（０／３５）。     

Mixed Medullary-Follicular Carcinoma of the Thyroid Immunohistochemical and Electron Microscopic Studies

A case of mixed medullary follicular carcinoma of the thyroid is reported. Grossly, the tumor was a solid, grayish white, well circumscribed mass without lymph node metastasis. Microscopically, the tumor showed both medullary and follicular areas. The follicular areas occupied discrete portions of the tumor, and were considered to be neoplastic. Tumor cells in the medullary area were polyhedral or spindle-shaped. There was no amyloid deposition within the tumor. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells in the medullary area were positive for calcitonin and negative for thyroglobulin. Some cells lining the follicles were positive for thyroglobulin. By electron microscopy, two types of tumor cell were observed. One type contained numerous cytoplasmic secretory granules, whereas the other type had few granules and showed a prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum. These findings suggested that this mixed medullary follicular carcinoma of the thyroid presented neoplastic changes within a common cell lineage.     

甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体和甲状腺球蛋白抗体阳性临界值的确定及其临床意义

目的 确定甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）和甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TgAb）的阳性临界值，并探讨这两种抗体出现的临床意义。方法 1999至2000年对3个中国农村社区3761名进行甲状腺疾病流行病学调查，采血、尿标本，同时行甲状腺B超检查，2004年对该人群进行随访。所有血清标本均用固相化学发光酶免疫分析法测定TPOAb和TgAb及促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平。结果 甲状腺功能及形态正常人群（2437名）TPOAb和TgAb的95％正常可信区间上限分别为37．8IU／ml和38．6IU／ml。总人群（3761名）中随TPOAb浓度的升高发生TSH升高（〉4．8IU／m1）或降低（〈0．3IU／m1）的比率也呈阶梯式增加，但仅当TPOAb≥50IU／ml时，发生TSH异常率比TPOAb438IU／ml者的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。同样TgAb≥40IU／ml时，发生TSH异常率比TgAb≤39IU／ml者差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。当TPOAb以50IU／ml和TgAb以40IU／ml为阳性临界值时，总人群中TPOAb和TgAb的阳性率女性（11．71％、11．21％）显著高于男性（4．07％、2．68％）。抗体阳性人群的TSH水平显著高于抗体阴性组（P〈0．05）。原TSH正常抗体阳性人群（515名）随访发现甲状腺功能减退症的发生率显著高于抗体阴性人群（P〈0．05）。结论 用高灵敏性化学发光酶免疫分析法在尿碘中位数为100～600μg/L的普通人群中确定TPOAb和强Ab的阳性临界值分别为50IU／ml和40IU／ml。甲状腺自身抗体TPOAb和TgAb阳性是发生甲状腺功能损伤的重要危险因素。     

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Metastasis to the Lumbar Spine Masquerading as a Schmorl’s Node

A Schmorl’s node is a common incidental finding encountered during radiologic imaging. Despite the vertebral body being a common site of metastatic disease, a lytic lesion adjacent to an endplate with typical imaging features can often confidently be called a Schmorl’s node. This is a case report of a patient with a single well-defined FDG-avid papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasis to the spine that had imaging findings characteristic of a Schmorl’s node on CT and MRI. This case is important to consider as it demonstrates that the imaging characteristics of metastatic disease and Schmorl’s nodes can overlap.     

恶性卵巢甲状腺肿发病机制和诊疗的研究进展

卵巢甲状腺肿是具有高度特异性的单胚层分化的成熟畸胎瘤,其主要由甲状腺组织构成。良性卵巢甲状腺肿的恶变率低,为0.5%~5%。恶性卵巢甲状腺肿(MSO)与起源于甲状腺的恶性肿瘤具有相似的分子发病机制,如BRAF(B-Raf proto-oncogene)、RAS(retrovirus-associated DNA sequence)基因点突变,RET/PTC(RET proto-oncogen/papillary thyroid carcinoma)基因重排等。因MSO临床罕见,目前仍缺乏明确的诊断标准及处理原则。一些肿瘤专家主张用原发性甲状腺癌的病理标准作为MSO的诊断依据。MSO一旦确诊后,应行全面的手术分期和术后的辅助治疗,辅助治疗包括全甲状腺切除或甲状腺素抑制治疗、放射性碘治疗、体外照射等。临床观察发现MSO预后均较好,且术后辅助治疗起重要作用。术后需要长期随访,血清甲状腺球蛋白、131I全身扫描是检测肿瘤转移和复发的特异性指标。     

甲状腺球蛋白抗体和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体在儿童免疫性血小板减少症中的表达及临床意义北大核心CSCD

目的观察免疫性血小板减少症(immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)患儿血清甲状腺球蛋白抗体(thyroglobulin antibody,TGAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(thyroid peroxidaseantibody,TPOAb)的表达情况。方法前瞻性选择2019年10月至2021年10月收治的120例ITP患儿作为ITP组,另选择60例非ITP患儿作为非ITP组。根据ITP临床分型将ITP组患儿分为新诊断ITP(n=53)、持续性ITP(n=42)与慢性ITP(n=25)。比较ITP组与非ITP组、不同ITP临床分型患儿临床资料,分析ITP患儿血清TGAb、TPOAb表达情况,及其与ITP临床分型的关系。结果ITP组CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)比例及血小板计数低于非ITP组,CD_(8)^(+)比例及TGAb、TPOAb水平高于非ITP组(P<0.05);慢性ITP患儿CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)比例及血小板计数低于新诊断ITP、持续性ITP患儿,CD_(8)^(+)比例及TGAb、TPOAb高于新诊断ITP、持续性ITP患儿(P<0.05)。经logistic回归分析结果显示,CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)、CD_(8)^(+)、TGAb、TPOAb表达水平变化与慢性ITP的发生密切相关(P<0.05);绘制决策曲线,结果显示,在高风险阈值0.0~1.0范围内TGAb联合TPOAb评估儿童ITP临床分型的净收益率始终>0,有临床意义。结论TGAb、TPOAb在ITP患儿中呈异常表达,且与患儿ITP临床分型有关。     

血浆甲状腺球蛋白、颈部超声以及99TcmO4-甲状腺静态显像对甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别的临床意义

目的 探讨术前血浆甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）、颈部超声及99TcmO4-甲状腺静态显像三者联合检查对鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的临床意义.方法 对手术并有病理诊断的103例甲状腺结节患者进行回顾性资料分析.根据患者术前检查项目分为三组：三项完整检查者31例为A组,检查颈部超声和99TcmO4-甲状腺静态显像者43例为B组,仅检查颈部超声者29例为C组.按照术后病理结果分别获得三组检查结果的灵敏度、特异性和准确率.结果 A、B、C三组的灵敏度分别为28.5％、83.3％、56.2％;特异性分别为58.3％、58.1％、46.2％,准确率分别为51.6％,65.1％,51.7％.结论 颈部超声和99TcmO4-甲状腺静态显像联合检查组（B组）的灵敏度、特异性及准确率明显高于单独颈部超声检查组（C组）,A组三项联合检查的灵敏度、特异性和准确率与B,C两组相比无优势.甲状腺结节术前完善颈部超声和99TcmO4-甲状腺静态显像检查对于甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断是有必要的.     

Needle tract seeding of papillary thyroid carcinoma after fine-needle capillary biopsy: A case report

BACKGROUNDFine-needle biopsy is an accurate and cost-efficient tool for the assessment of thyroid nodules. It includes two primary methods: Fine-needle capillary biopsy (FNCB) and fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Needle tract seeding (NTS) is a rare complication of thyroid fine-needle biopsy mainly caused by fine-needle aspiration biopsy rather than FNCB. Here, we present an extremely rare case of a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patient with FNCB-derived NTS. CASE SUMMARYWe report a 32-year-old woman with PTC who showed subcutaneous NTS 1 year after FNCB and thyroidectomy. NTS was diagnosed based on clinical manifestations, biochemistry indices, and imaging (computed tomography and ultrasound). Pathological identification of PTC metastases consistent with the puncture path is the gold standard for diagnosis. Surgical resection was the main method used to treat the disease. After surgery, thyroid function tests and ultrasound scans were performed every 3-6 mo. To date, no evidence of tumor recurrence has been observed.CONCLUSIONFNCB is a safe procedure as NTS is rare, and can be easily removed surgically with no recurrence. Accordingly, NTS should not limit the usefulness of FNCB.     

首次^131I治疗后淋巴结显影伴治疗前刺激性Tg阴性的分化型甲状腺癌的治疗反应及影响因素分析

目的探讨甲状腺全切术后、^131I治疗前刺激性甲状腺球蛋白(psTg)阴性伴^131I治疗后SPECT/CT显像示淋巴结显影的分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者的治疗反应及其影响因素。方法回顾性纳入2016年5月至2018年10月间在青岛大学附属医院首次行^131I治疗的psTg阴性(<2μg/L)且^131I治疗后5~6 d SPECT/CT显像示淋巴结显影的DTC术后患者108例[男28例、女80例,年龄(45.7±10.4)岁],根据治疗后6~24个月治疗反应将患者分为疗效满意(ER)组与非ER组,采用两独立样本t检验、χ^2检验和Mann-Whitney U检验进行2组间年龄、性别、腺外浸润等多个因素差异的比较,再行多因素logistic回归分析判断治疗反应的影响因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估显影淋巴结大小(长径)对非ER的预测价值。结果108例患者中82例(75.93%)为ER组,26例(24.07%)为非ER组,2组患者在年龄(t=-2.540,P=0.016)、腺外浸润(χ^2=5.764,P=0.016)、T分期(χ^2=19.857,P<0.001)、N分期(χ^2=14.145,P=0.001)、复发风险分层(χ^2=11.487,P=0.003)、治疗前超声结果(χ^2=44.819,P<0.001)、首次^131I剂量(U=780.0,P=0.018)、显影淋巴结大小(U=184.0,P<0.001)、psTg水平(U=776.0,P=0.037)方面差异有统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析示,年龄、显影淋巴结大小和治疗前超声结果与治疗反应密切相关,其比值比[OR(95%CI)]分别为:1.123(1.025~1.231)、4.275(1.893~9.653)和260.86(8.123~8376.764)。显影淋巴结大小以5.5 mm为界值时预测非ER的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为100%(26/26)、70.73%(58/82)、77.78%(84/108)、52.00%(26/50)和100%(58/58)。结论首次^131I治疗后淋巴结显影伴治疗前psTg阴性的DTC患者中有部分患者治疗反应未达ER;年龄、治疗前超声、显影淋巴结大小可作为预测其治疗反应的灵敏指标。     

促甲状腺激素、甲状腺球蛋白浓度在甲状腺良、恶性结节诊断中的价值

目的 探讨血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）、甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）浓度变化在甲状腺良、恶性结节诊断中临床价值.方法 选取96例因甲状腺结节病住院患者,比较甲状腺良、恶性结节患者血清TSH、Tg浓度差异,分析血清TSH、Tg浓度与甲状腺良、恶性结节的关系.结果 甲状腺恶性结节组血清TSH浓度（2.55±1.46mIU/L）与甲状腺良性结节组（1.15±1.10mIU/L）比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;随血清TSH浓度的升高,甲状腺恶变结节比例升高;甲状腺恶性结节组血清Tg浓度（255.0±60.6ng/mL）高于甲状腺良性结节组（115.0±32.4ng/mL） （P ＜0.05）,不同血清Tg浓度组间甲状腺恶性结节数比例差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 血清TSH、Tg浓度检测对甲状腺良、恶性结节诊断中有一定临床意义,血清TSH浓度是预测甲状腺结节恶变的危险因子.