肿胀法超声抽吸术治疗腋臭83例疗效观察

目的观察肿胀法超声抽吸术治疗液臭的效果,寻找一种治疗腋臭的新方法。方法在腋窝毛发区皮下注入肿胀液80~100ml,经5mm大小切口将超声探头在腋部皮下组织快速移动,直到皮肤发红发热为止,再用负压抽吸被乳化的皮下组织加压包扎。结果83例受术者,术后6~12个月随访,效果良好者76例(91.5%),有效5例(6.25%),无效2例(2.25%)。结论肿胀法超声抽吸术治疗腋臭,操作简单,不留瘢痕,安全有效,是目前治疗腋臭较为理想的方法。     

便携式负压吸引装置的设计及材料学特点

对负压吸引装置便携方式的研究一直是急救医学追求的目标之一，因为它能够极大地促进急救成功率。文章基于这种需要，研制了一套便携式负压吸引装置，并根据实际应用效果，选择优化的制造材料。研制的便携式负压吸引装置主要由特殊设计的储液罐及罐盖、负压产生装置、过渡接头等部分组成，关键部件采用特殊材料制作，体积小，质量轻，操作简单，易于携带，完全能满足临床抢救及治疗的需要。作为一种急救中必不可少的器械，便携式负压吸引装置在急救伤病员运输、转运，家庭急救，及无动力源环境等情况下，对于抢救患者及提高救治效果，具有极大的竞争优势和应用前景。     

超声抽吸法治疗下肢原发性淋巴水肿

目的观察超声抽吸法治疗下肢原发性淋巴水肿的疗效。方法为12例患者采用内超声脂肪抽吸机吸除淋巴水肿组织以降低患肢淋巴负荷，抽吸后结合持续弹力袜裤压扎。结果术后2周水肿即时消退明显，术后1年随访水肿消退，复发不明显。结论超声抽吸法治疗原发性淋巴水肿安全简便，结合弹性袜裤压扎可望取得较好的远期疗效。     

Closed suction drainage after orthopaedic surgery: evidence versus practice

Abstract Closed suction drainage systems are commonly used in orthopaedic surgery, particularly in joint arthroplasty. The rationale for the use of drains is a theoretical reduction of wound haematomas and infection. However the benefit of using drains after total hip or knee arthroplasty is controversial. Several reports have shown that the use of drains does not reduce infection and morbidity and is an unnecessary and potentially dangerous practice. In fact most studies highlighted that at best their use appears to make no difference to important clinical outcomes. Recently a metaanalysis raised the question about the usefulness of closed suction drainage again, concluding that it has no major benefits. The purpose of this study was to review the evidences available concerning the utility of closed suction drainage outlining that this practice is not supported by clinical evidence.     

音乐疗法在婴儿吸痰中的应用研究

目的　采用音乐疗法减轻患儿吸痰时的烦躁、哭闹，减轻氧的消耗，缓解缺氧情况。方法 采用实验性研究设计，选择北京儿童医院ICU病房住院的52名需吸痰患儿为研究对象，选择背景音乐为节奏舒缓的钢琴曲。记录有与无背景音乐时吸痰前后患儿的经皮氧饱和度和心率的变化。结果 对同一患儿进行了干预前后的分析比较，有与无背景音乐下吸痰患儿经皮氧饱和度、心率有显著性差异。结论 音乐疗法对于缓解ICU吸痰患儿缺氧是一种有效干预手段。     

Anatomy of the hyoid apparatus in odontoceli (toothed whales): Specializations of their skeleton and musculature compared with those of terrestrial mammals

Background: The hyoid apparatus of odontocetes (toothed whales) serves as a major attachment point for many of the muscles and ligaments subserving breathing, swallowing, and sound production. Methods: This study examines the hyoid apparatus in 48 specimens of ten odontocete genera (Phocoena, Lagenorhynchus, Stenella, Delphinus, Tursiops, Grampus, Globicephala, Mesoplodon, Physeter, and Kogia) collected post mortem from beach strandings. Results: The odontocete hyoid apparatus, as that of their closest terrestrial relatives, the artiodactyls, is divisible into a basal portion (bashyal, paired thyrohyals) and a suspensory portion (paired ceratohyals, epihyals, stylohyals, and tympanohyals) connecting the basal portion to the skull base. Unlike other terrestrial mammals, the basal portion lies inferior to the laryngeal aditus, is flattened dorso-ventrally, and is relatively large, thus providing a broad surface area for muscle attachments. The suspensory elements are not as flattened and are joined by synovial joints (except for epihyal-stylohyal fusion). Muscular specializations include enlargement of those which retract the hyoid apparatus (e.g., sternohyoid) or control the tongue (e.g., styloglossus, hyoglossus). These muscles may be particularly important in a specialized prey capture behavior called suction feeding. In addition, the hyoid apparatus has a tilted placement, which allows asymmetrical enlargement of the piriform sinuses. Asymmetry is also seen in the muscular attachment between the larynx and the hyoid apparatus. The most pronounced differences from the basic pattern are observed in two families: Physeteridae and Ziphiidae. Conclusions: The derived position and shape of the odontocete hyoid apparatus may have evolved to subserve several specialized upper respiratory/digestive tract functions, such as simultaneous feeding (suction and swallowing) and sound production. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Surgical remodeling of the silhouette by aspiration lipolysis or selective lipectomy

The author, a pioneer in originating the technique of suction lipectomy, discusses in detail the pathophysiology of the fat cell and fat metabolism. In addition, he describes the surgical means by which, since 1977, he has popularized this innovative new approach to the treatment of unsightly fat deposits in many sites in the body, including the thighs, buttocks, abdomen, hips, arms, ankles, breasts, and submental regions.     

Reduction suction mammoplasty and suction lipectomy as an adjunct to breast surgery

Suction lipectomy has become an accepted procedure and its full use is still being elucidated. The author herein describes the use of suction lipectomy as an adjunct in refining the results of established surgical procedures on the breast. The authors also explain the use of suction lipectomy in doing suction reduction mammoplasty. The advantages of the use of suction lipectomy as an adjunct to breast surgery and for reduction mammoplasty are explained.     

Release of intracellular enzymes from cutaneous cells after non-necrotizing damage by ultraviolet light

Summary Experimental blisters were produced with suction on normal human skin and simultaneously on skin inflamed after exposure to middle wave ultraviolet light. Total proteins and marker enzymes for the plasma membrane, cytosol, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and microsomes were assayed in the blister fluid. In blisters on erythematous skin, a large increase of lactate dehydrogenase from cytosol was noted. A small increase of the plasma membrane marker phosphodiesterase I and some increase of -mannosidase from lysosomes was also found. No significant increase in total proteins or in the markers for peroxisomes was observed, whereas mitochondrial and microsomal marker enzymes were not detectable.It is concluded that cutaneous cells to some extent may lose intracellular enzymes without visible signs of irreversible damage (necrosis), but that an UVB-induced injury/regeneration cycle probably explains the enzyme release.     

Vitamin A transporting proteins in human epidermis and blister fluids

Summary In connection with studies on vitamin A transport to keratinocytes in vivo, the retinol, retinolbinding protein (RBP), and prealbumin contents of blister fluid obtained subepidermally (suction) or intraepidermally (friction) were analyzed. The median concentrations of the three components in suction blister fluid (SBF) were all about 33% of the serum concentrations. Corresponding values for ₂-macroglobulin and total protein, measured as controls, were 27 and 30% respectively. The relative amounts of retinol and prealbumin in friction blister fluid (FBF) were the same as those in SBF. By contrast, FBF contained more RBP (median value 40%; P<0.01 vs SBF value). It is suggested that apo-RBP (RBP without retinol) is generated within the epidermis and contributes to the high RBP value in FBF. FBF constituents are probably derived from the intercellular space of the epidermis, at least during the initial phase of blister formation. Accordingly, RBP and prealbumin were identified in homogenates of pure epidermis. During the later stages of blister formation, FBF resembles an ultrafiltrate of dermal fluid, although different in this respect from SBF.Abbreviations RBP retinol-binding proting - ₂M alpha-2-macroglobulin - SBF suction blister fluid - FBF friction blister fluid