复元醒脑汤对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

目的 探讨复元醒脑汤对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法 将SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、复元醒脑汤低、中、高（5.5、11、22 g/kg）剂量组。采用线栓法建立大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,缺血2 h再灌注24 h,对各组大鼠进行神经功能缺失评分,TTC染色测定脑梗死体积,HE染色观察脑组织病理变化,Nissl染色观察脑组织中尼氏小体的变化,Tunnel染色观察脑组织中神经细胞的凋亡情况。测定血清中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及丙二醛（MDA）的水平。结果 与模型组相比,复元醒脑汤低、中、高剂量组均可明显改善大脑中动脉缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的神经行为障碍;TTC染色结果显示,复元醒脑汤低、中、高剂量组大鼠脑梗死体积明显减小;HE结果显示给药组改善脑组织病理结构,Nissl染色结果表明给药组尼氏小体形态数量得到改善,Tunnel染色阳性细胞数减少,细胞凋亡率下降;与模型组相比,复元醒脑汤可提高脑缺血再灌注大鼠血清中SOD的水平,降低MDA水平。结论 复元醒脑汤对大鼠大脑脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用。     

地塞米松磷酸钠口服液的制备及其抗大鼠粘连性肠梗阻的初步研究

目的：制备地塞米松磷酸钠口服液并初步考察其抗大鼠粘连性肠梗阻作用。方法：采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定地塞米松磷酸钠的含量、油水分配系数、考察地塞米松磷酸钠稳定性影响因素;采用裘法祖造模法和试剂盒考察其抗大鼠粘连性肠梗阻的作用。结果：在pH 1.0~8.0范围内,地塞米松磷酸钠的油水分配系数均小于零;pH为8.0时药物降解最慢,抗氧剂Na₂SO₃和稳定剂丙二醇联用可增加地塞米松磷酸钠的稳定性。与尾静脉注射给药相比,地塞米松磷酸钠口服液能显著降低粘连性肠梗阻（AIO）大鼠肠道丙二醛（MDA）含量（P<0.05）,显著提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）的活性（P<0.01,P<0.01）。结论：地塞米松磷酸钠口服液具有抗大鼠粘连性肠梗阻作用且其作用强于注射液。     

Ultrafine particulate matter exposure impairs vasorelaxant response in superoxide dismutase 2-deficient murine aortic rings

Studies have linked exposure to ultrafine particulate matter (PM) and adverse cardiovascular events. PM-induced oxidative stress is believed to be a key mechanism underlying observed adverse vascular effects. Advanced age is one factor known to decrease antioxidant defenses and confer susceptibility to the detrimental vascular effects seen following PM exposure. The present study was designed to investigate the vasomotor responses following ultrafine PM exposure in wild type (WT) and superoxide dismutase 2-deficient (SOD2^+/–) mice that possess decreased antioxidant defense. Thoracic aortic rings isolated from young and aged WT and SOD2^+/– mice were exposed to ultrafine PM in a tissue bath system. Aortic rings were then constricted with increasing concentrations of phenylephrine, followed by relaxation with rising amounts of nitroglycerin (NTG). Data demonstrated that ultrafine PM decreased the relaxation response in both young WT and young SOD2^+/– mouse aortas, and relaxation was significantly reduced in young SOD2^+/– compared to WT mice. Ultrafine PM significantly diminished the NTG-induced relaxation response in aged compared to young mouse aortas. After ultrafine PM exposure, the relaxation response did not differ markedly between aged WT and aged SOD2^+/– mice. Data demonstrated that the greater vascular effect in aortic rings in aged mice ex vivo after ultrafine PM exposure may be attributed to ultrafine PM-induced oxidative stress and loss of antioxidant defenses in aged vascular tissue. Consistent with this conclusion is the attenuation of NTG-induced relaxation response in young SOD2^+/– mice.

Abbreviations: H₂O₂: hydrogen peroxide; NTG: nitroglycerin; PAH: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PE: l-phenylephrine; PM: particulate matter; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SOD2: superoxide dismutase 2 deficient; WT: wild type     

Multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced inhalation toxicity: Recognizing nano bis-demethoxy curcumin analog as an ameliorating candidate

Human beings and ecosystems are being possibly exposed to CNTs, as there is a rise in global production rate of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This may affect the health of humans and increases the environmental risk. We have already reported the pulmonary toxicity due to the inhalation of MWCNTs. We claim that a compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity may ameliorate the CNT-induced toxic effect. With this view, we have investigated the ameliorative effect of intravenously-administered nano bis-demethoxy curcumin analog (NBDMCA) against MWCNTs-induced inhalation toxicity by examining the lung histopathology for inflammatory cell dynamics, pulmonary remodeling and estimating the inflammatory biomarkers in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. We observed that NBDMCA could ameliorate the injury as evidenced by the decline in the levels of markers of inflammation, cell damage, and the histopathological changes induced by MWCNTs. We conclude that NBDMCA may be used to reduce the risk of MWCNTs-induced inhalation toxicity.     

Variable performance of different commercial systems for testing carbapenem susceptibility of KPC carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli

ObjectivesThe aim was to evaluate different methods for testing carbapenem susceptibility of Escherichia coli producing KPC-type carbapenemase.MethodsSusceptibility to imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem was assayed using the reference broth microdilution method and several commercial methods (Vitek2, MicroScan, Etest, MIC Test Strip) starting from the same bacterial suspension. Susceptibility to imipenem and meropenem was also tested by Sensititre and disc diffusion (Bio-Rad). Results were interpreted according to EUCAST clinical breakpoints. Essential agreement (EA), category agreement (CA) and error rates were calculated as described by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) guidelines and also considering the new EUCAST definitions. Genotypic diversity of isolates was evaluated with a RAPD profiling protocol.ResultsOf 54 KPC-positive E. coli isolates, 5.6%, 7.4% and 0% were susceptible standard dosing regimen (S), 55.6%, 72.2% and 0% susceptible increased exposure (I), and 38.9%, 20.4% and 100.0% resistant (R) to imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem, respectively, using the reference broth microdilution method. CA lower than 90% were observed with all systems for imipenem and meropenem using both the ISO and the modified EUCAST criteria. With ertapenem, CA >90% was observed with all methods except Vitek2. RAPD profiling revealed a remarkable genotypic diversity of the isolates, supporting that results were not biased by an oligoclonal nature of the collection.ConclusionsCommercial methods can be unreliable for testing susceptibility to carbapenems of KPC-producing E. coli. Susceptibility should be confirmed by reference broth microdilution.     

丹参多酚酸盐联合尼可地尔治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床研究

目的探讨丹参多酚酸盐联合尼可地尔治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床效果。方法选取2016年1月—2017年12月北京市和平里医院收治的146例冠心病心绞痛患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各73例。对照组口服尼可地尔片,5 mg/次,3次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上静脉滴注注射用丹参多酚酸盐,200 mg加入生理盐水250 mL中充分稀释后给药,1次/d。两组均连续治疗2周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后硝酸甘油用量、心绞痛发作次数、每次持续时间。比较两组治疗前后低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、红细胞比容(HCT)、红细胞聚集指数(EAI)、肌钙蛋白T(c Tn T)、白细胞介素(IL)1β、IL-18、一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、西雅图心绞痛量表(SAQ)各项评分的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组患者的总有效率分别为82.19%、93.15%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者硝酸甘油用量较治疗前明显减少,心绞痛发作次数、每次持续时间均明显减少,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组硝酸甘油用量、心绞痛发作次数、每次持续时间均明显少于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后LDL-C、HCT、EAI、cTnT、IL-1β、IL-18水平较治疗前均显著降低,但HDL-C、NO、SOD、SAQ评分升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组LDL-C、HCT、EAI、cTnT、IL-1β、IL-18水平显著低于对照组,HDL-C、NO、SOD、SAQ评分高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论丹参多酚酸盐联合尼可地尔治疗冠心病心绞痛具有较好的临床疗效,可明显改善患者胸闷、胸部绞痛、心电图等症状体征,调节血脂代谢和血液流变学状态,抑制炎症反应,调控氧化应激,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

胆康胶囊联合头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠治疗慢性胆囊炎的临床研究

目的探讨胆康胶囊联合头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠治疗慢性胆囊炎患者的临床效果。方法选取2016年7月—2017年7月国药东风花果医院收治的慢性胆囊炎患者175例,随机分成对照组(87例)和治疗组(88例)。对照组患者静脉滴注注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠,4.0 g加入5%葡萄糖注射液100 mL,2次/d。治疗组患者在对照组的基础上口服胆康胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d。两组患者均治疗2周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者临床症状积分、VAS评分、SF-36评分、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平及不良反应情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床有效率分别为82.76%和95.45%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者右腹部疼痛,腹胀,恶心、厌油等症状积分均显著下降(P0.05),且治疗组患者各项症状积分比对照组降低的更明显(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者VAS比治疗前均显著降低(P0.05),SF-36评分显著升高(P0.05),同时治疗组患者VAS和SF-36评分比对照组患者改善更明显(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者TNF-α和β-EP水平显著降低(P0.05),SOD血清水平显著升高(P0.05),同时治疗组患者TNF-α、β-EP和SOD血清水平明显优于对照组患者(P0.05)。治疗期间,对照组患者不良反应发生率为18.39%,显著高于治疗组的5.68%,两组患者比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胆康胶囊联合头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠治疗慢性胆囊炎患者临床疗效显著,并可改善患者的临床症状,降低不良反应发生率。     

阿托伐他汀联合银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的探讨应用阿托伐他汀联合银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果。方法选取2015年1月—2017年12月西宁市第一人民医院收治的急性脑梗死患者82例,随机分成对照组(41例)和治疗组(41例)。对照组静脉滴注银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液,5 m L加入250 m L生理盐水,1次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服阿托伐他汀钙片,20 mg/次,1次/d。两组患者均连续治疗14 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者总胆固醇(TC)/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白(Apo)B/Apo A-l比值、国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、颈动脉超声参数及白介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床总有效率分别为75.6%、92.7%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清TC/HDL-C、Apo B/Apo A-l比值和NIHSS评分均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组上述指标显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组左、右两侧颈总动脉内径、RI及IMT值较治疗前均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组颈动脉超声参数显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清IL-1β、IL-6、MDA浓度较治疗前显著降低低(P0.05),血清SOD水平显著升高(P0.05),且治疗组IL-1β、IL-6、SOD、MDA水平明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀联合银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液治疗急性脑梗死可有效改善患者神经功能,减轻机体炎性及氧化应激损伤,疗效确切。