Isolation and characterisation of Ralstonia solanacearum strains from Solanaceae crops in Ethiopia

Eighty one isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum -like bacteria on triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) medium were collected from different Solanaceae crops (i.e. potato, tomato and pepper plants and potato tubers) at various sites in Ethiopia. Of these, 62 strains were identified as R. solanacearum based on their cultural characteristics on TTC medium, tomato pathogenicity bioassay, carbon source utilisation patterns and a specific PCR-based assay. By Hayward's classification method, based on carbon source utilisation, 19 of the 62 R. solanacearum strains were identified as biovar I and 43 strains were identified as biovar II. The biovar I strains exhibited a high growth rate at high temperatures (37 degrees C). Whereas the growth rate of biovar II strains was greatest at lower temperatures (22 degrees C). Biovar I strains had broader host range than biovar II strains, which were limited to potato, tomato, and eggplant. To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solanacearum biovar I in Ethiopia. The existence of biovar I strains in Ethiopia raises concerns because they have a broader host range than biovar II strains.     

关节置换术后不同拔管时间的引流管尖端细菌培养结果分析

目的 对关节置换术后不同拔管时间负压引流管尖端细菌培养的结果进行临床分析.方法 前瞻性选择行单侧关节置换84例,其中单侧膝关节置换40例,单侧髋关节置换44例.每位患者手术结束时均于切口筋膜层之下放入一根负压引流管,随后立即拔除,引流管尖端约3 cm送细菌培养,此设为对照组.再根据术后拔管时间不同分为两个实验组:24 h组42例,术后24 h拔除;48 h组42例,术后48 h拔除.引流管尖端约3 cm送细菌培养.所有患者术后随访3个月,观察有无发生关节感染.对细菌培养结果及随访结果进行分析.结果 对照组引流管尖端无细菌生长.实验组中24 h组拔除的引流管中有6例(7.14%)细菌培养阳性,其中皮氏罗尔斯顿菌5例(5.95%),大肠埃希菌1例(1.19%);48 h组拔除的引流管中有2例(2.38%)培养阳性,其中皮氏罗尔斯顿菌1例(1.19%),弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌1例(1.19%),24 h组与48 h组细菌培养阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).根据关节置换类型分析,髋关节置换术后拔除的引流管中有5例(5.95%)培养阳性,膝关节置换术后拔除的引流管中有3例(3.57%)培养阳性,两者阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).所有患者随访3个月,均未出现关节感染症状,包括培养阳性的患者.结论 关节置换术后引流管尖端细菌培养结果用来诊断关节感染价值不大,在应用预防性抗生素的情况下,术后48 h内拔管都是安全的.     

1 例颅内皮氏罗尔斯顿菌合并血流瓦氏葡萄球菌感染患儿的抗感染治疗

目的:探讨 1 例颅内泛耐药皮氏罗尔斯顿菌合并血流瓦氏葡萄球菌感染患儿的抗感染治疗。 方法:从抗感染治疗方案的制定、调整、血药浓度监测、不良反应监护等多个方面对患者实施全流程药学监护。 结果:临床医师完全采纳临床药师的抗感染方案并取得了良好疗效,脑脊液和血液均未再培养出该病原菌。 结论:该抗感染方案安全、有效,临床药师提供的药学服务在临床治疗中发挥着重要作用。     

医院感染皮氏罗尔斯顿菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

目的回顾性分析皮氏罗尔斯顿菌引起的感染情况,探讨医院感染皮氏罗尔斯顿菌的临床分离情况和耐药情况。方法收集2003年-2010年分离自我院住院患者的31株皮氏罗尔斯顿菌。细菌鉴定采用法国生物梅里埃公司VITEK2Compact全自动微生物鉴定仪,药敏试验采用VITEK2Com-DactAST-GN09鉴定试条进行分析。采用SPSS17．0统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果31株皮氏罗尔斯顿菌中,有22株为医院感染,医院感染率70．97％。标本检出率最高的为痰标本,93．55％。临床科室中．ICU检出率最高．为32．26％,其次为呼吸内科（22．58％）和新生儿科（19．36％）。皮氏罗尔斯顿菌对常用抗生素的耐药率最高的为哌拉西林和哌拉西林／他唑巴坦,耐药率均为100．00％,其次为庆大霉素（58．06％）、妥布霉素（51．6l％）和阿米卡星（48．39％）;而对复方新诺明、环丙沙星的敏感率最高,均为100．00％。结论临床分离皮氏罗尔斯顿菌多为医院感染菌株,临床医生应重视该菌引起的院内感染。     

颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术后感染解甘露醇罗尔斯顿菌1例报告并文献复习

解甘露醇罗尔斯顿菌是一种非发酵革兰阴性杆菌,属于罗尔斯顿菌属,是院内感染中比较少见的一种机会致病菌[1].解甘露醇罗尔斯顿菌主要生存于不同种类的水资源之中[2],其引起的感染常常较为严重.医院注水瓶中分离出的条件致病菌中,以解甘露醇罗尔斯顿菌最多[3].近年,关于脊柱外科术后感染的报道[4-6]较为常见,但解甘露醇罗尔斯顿菌感染却鲜有报道.本院2020年12月22日收治1例颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术后解甘露醇罗尔斯顿菌感染患者,现将诊疗过程进行总结并结合文献加以分析,以提高脊柱外科医师对解甘露醇罗尔斯顿菌感染的认识及诊治水平.     

PCR-核酸试纸条快速鉴定皮氏罗尔斯顿菌

目的 基于PCR-核酸试纸条技术,建立快速检测制药用水中皮氏罗尔斯顿菌的方法。方法 利用煮沸法提取皮氏罗尔斯顿菌基因组DNA,以皮氏罗尔斯顿菌16S rDNA为靶基因使用NCBI primer-BLAST 5.0设计一对特异性引物,经克隆转入大肠杆菌感受态细胞DH5α,鉴定PCR产物;分别在引物的5’端标记FITC与Biotin;组装核酸试纸条,建立PCR-核酸试纸条的方法;优化反应体系中胶体金标记的链霉亲和素与抗体浓度的最佳工作量;并对试纸条进行反应原理验证及灵敏度、特异性、稳定性评价;对某生物科技有限公司制药用水检测出的7株皮氏罗尔斯顿菌进行实验并利用MEGA构建进化树,对污染溯源进行分析。结果 煮沸法提取基因组浓度较好,纯度1.8~2.0;PCR产物经克隆转化、测序比对,与GenBank已登记的皮氏罗尔斯顿菌16S rDNA相似度为100%;利用胶体金放大原理,每100 μL胶体金溶液中,加入3.5 μL链霉亲和素进行标记,硝酸纤维素膜上检测线为2.0 mg/mL抗FITC抗体,质控线为1.2 mg/mL生物素化BSA,与阳性扩增产物结合产生红色条带;按照优化条件进行试纸条组装,每100 μL样品展开液中加入8 μL PCR产物,反应5 min后观察结果;核酸试纸条特异性结果与琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果一致,仅有皮氏罗尔斯顿菌为阳性结果,不动杆菌、气单胞菌、假单胞菌、非脱羧勒克氏菌均为阴性结果;核酸试纸条灵敏度评价,将DNA浓度降至10-5 ng/μL时,试纸条检测线仍有条带,较琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果灵敏度高1000倍;核酸试纸条稳定性评价,将试纸条在3、6、9、12月进行检测,稳定性较好。结论 建立PCR-核酸试纸条技术检测制药用水中皮氏罗尔斯顿菌,具有简单快速、特异性强、灵敏度高、成本较低等优点,适用于制药企业对制药用水的日常检测。     

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Jumbo Phage from Leaf Litter Compost and Its Suppressive Effect on Rice Seedling Rot Diseases

Jumbo phages have DNA genomes larger than 200 kbp in large virions composed of an icosahedral head, tail, and other adsorption structures, and they are known to be abundant biological substances in nature. In this study, phages in leaf litter compost were screened for their potential to suppress rice seedling rot disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia glumae, and a novel phage was identified in a filtrate-enriched suspension of leaf litter compost. The phage particles consisted of a rigid tailed icosahedral head and contained a DNA genome of 227,105 bp. The phage could lyse five strains of B. glumae and six strains of Burkholderia plantarii. The phage was named jumbo Burkholderia phage FLC6. Proteomic tree analysis revealed that phage FLC6 belongs to the same clade as two jumbo Ralstonia phages, namely RSF1 and RSL2, which are members of the genus Chiangmaivirus (family: Myoviridae; order: Caudovirales). Interestingly, FLC6 could also lyse two strains of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, suggesting that FLC6 has a broad host range that may make it especially advantageous as a bio-control agent for several bacterial diseases in economically important crops. The novel jumbo phage FLC6 may enable leaf litter compost to suppress several bacterial diseases and may itself be useful for controlling plant diseases in crop cultivation.     

Emergence of VIM-2 metallo-beta-lactamase producing Ralstonia pickettii clinical isolate in India

A multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of Ralstonia pickettii from a woman was analysed. Modified Hodge test was positive for carbapenemase production. Conjugation experiment revealed the presence of conjugative plasmid of >140 Kb size typed as IncN type. This is the first report of emergence bla_VIM-2 in R. pickettii in India.     

皮氏罗尔斯顿菌所致老年患者医院获得性肺炎临床分析

目的 探讨皮氏罗尔斯顿菌所致老年患者医院获得性肺炎的临床特点以及对抗菌药物的敏感性,为临床诊断与治疗提供依据.方法 回顾性分析30例皮氏罗尔斯顿菌所致老年患者医院获得性肺炎的临床资料.结果 皮氏罗尔斯顿菌性肺炎均发生在有基础疾病的患者,其中86.7％发生于接受机械通气治疗后;23.3％无发热,白细胞计数升高者仅占46.7％,而中性粒细胞百分比升高者为86.7％,CRP升高者为83.3％;分离菌对氨苄西林、头孢唑林、氨曲南、替卡西林、美罗培南、呋喃妥因的耐药率为100.0％,较为敏感的抗菌药物分别为磺胺甲噁唑/甲氧苄啶100.0％、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦100.0％、左氧氟沙星96.7％、头孢吡肟96.7％、环丙沙星86.7％、米诺环素85.7％、头孢曲松85.0％;治疗初始应用的抗菌药物主要为:第二～四代头孢菌素60.0％、碳青霉烯类73.3％、喹诺酮类56.7％、硝基咪唑类40.0％;治疗终点好转率66.7％,30 d死亡率为13.3％.结论 对于皮氏罗尔斯顿菌所致老年患者医院获得性肺炎,喹诺酮类、β-内酰胺类/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂有一定疗效.