Inverse correlation between gastroesophageal reflux disease and atrophic gastritis assessed by endoscopy and serology

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is known to prevent the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)by inducing gastric mucosal atrophy.However,little is known about the relationship between atrophic gastritis(AG)and GERD.AIM To confirm the inverse correlation between AG and the occurrence and severity of GERD.METHODS Individuals receiving health checkups who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Seoul National University Healthcare System Gangnam Center were included.The grade of reflux esophagitis was evaluated according to the Los Angeles classification.Endoscopic AG(EAG)was categorized into six grades.Serologic AG(SAG)was defined as pepsinogen I≤70 ng/m L and pepsinogen I/II ratio≤3.0.The association between the extent of EAG and SAG and the occurrence and severity of GERD was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS In total,4684 individuals with GERD were compared with 21901 healthy controls.In multivariate logistic regression analysis,advanced age,male sex,body mass index>23 kg/m2,presence of metabolic syndrome,current smoking,and alcohol consumption were associated with an increased risk of GERD.Seropositivity for H.pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies was associated with a decreased risk of GERD.There was an inverse correlation between the extent of EAG and occurrence of GERD:Odds ratio(OR),1.01[95%confidence interval(CI):0.90-1.14]in C1,0.87(0.78-0.97)in C2,0.71(0.62-0.80)in C3,0.52(0.44-0.61)in O1,0.37(0.29-0.48)in O2,and 0.28(0.18-0.43)in O3.Additionally,the extent of EAG showed an inverse correlation with the severity of GERD.The presence of SAG was correlated with a reduced risk of GERD(OR=0.49,95%CI:0.28-0.87,P=0.014).CONCLUSION The extent of EAG and SAG exhibited strong inverse relationships with the occurrence and severity of GERD.AG followed by H.pylori infection may be independently protect against GERD.     

大分割三维适形放疗治疗鼻咽癌鼻咽复发再程放疗的不良反应及疗效评估

目的 研究大分割三维适形放疗治疗鼻咽复发鼻咽癌,了解相关放射损伤反应及疗效。方法 回顾分析我院2008-2013年间收治的鼻咽复发鼻咽癌患者153例,采用大分割三维适形放疗(3 Gy/次,5 次/周,总量51~60 Gy,4周共17~20次),观察近期和远期损伤、KPS评分、近期和远期疗效。结果 近期损伤中口腔黏膜、乏力治疗前与治疗结束时相比不同(P均<0.05),远期放射损伤发生率分别为口干(95.4%)、耳聋(51.0%)、张口困难(79.1%)、颌面部纤维化(33.3%)、放射性脑病(15.0%),治疗前与治疗结束时相比不同(P均<0.05),实际远期放射损伤口干(91.5%)、耳聋(50.9%)、张口困难(76.5%)、颌面部纤维化(32.0%)、放射性脑病(14.4%);治疗结束时与治疗后3个月对比患者KPS评分变化人数不同(P<0.05);治疗后1、3、6、9、12个月后局部控制率分别为29.4%、68.6%、79.1%、83.7%、86.9%,1个月后与3个月后、3个月后与6个月后对比不同(P<0.05);1、2、3、4、5年生存率分别为96.1%、80.4%、68.5%、57.9%、51.1%。结论 大分割三维适形放疗用于鼻咽复发鼻咽癌患者的近期疗效、远期疗效较好,局部控制率高,患者可耐受,安全性较好。     

多种放射性肺损伤动物模型的建立和效应评价研究

放射性肺损伤是胸部肿瘤放疗后常见并发症,随着对放射性肺炎研究不断深入,如何为基础研究和药物干预寻求最佳的动物模型和效应评价已成为当前亟待解决的难题之一。通过检索近10年文献,对不同放射性肺损伤模型动物及放射部位的选择、照射剂量的确定、照射方法的比较和动物模型效应评价进行了对比研究,以期寻找建立放射性肺损伤动物模型的稳定方法和较为明确的效应机制,为防护和减缓放射性肺损伤的发生发展而进行的基础研究和药物研制提供可靠的方法。     

旋覆代赭汤对反流性食管炎大鼠模型TLR4/NF-κB的影响

目的观察旋覆代赭汤对反流性食管炎(RE)模型大鼠食管黏膜与脂多糖(LPS)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、核因子κB(NF-κB)表达的影响。方法将60只雄性Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组、模型组、旋覆代赭汤组(简称中药组,9.89 g/kg)、西药(奥美拉唑+莫沙比利,2.58 mg/kg)组,每组15只。除正常对照组外大鼠采用“4.2 mm幽门夹+2/3胃底结扎术”制备酸碱混合反流RE大鼠模型。术后第7天予相应药物干预,持续干预14天。利用光学显微镜观察大鼠食管下段黏膜组织形态学变化;应用ELISA法检测定外周血中LPS含量;采用Western Blot法与RT-PCR法检测食管黏膜组织中TLR4、NF-κB蛋白和基因表达。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠食管黏膜镜下损伤最为严重,食管黏膜呈炎性改变,可见急慢性炎细胞浸润,病理积分和外周血中LPS含量升高(P<0.05),食管组织中TLR4、NF-κB蛋白和基因表达升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,中药组、西药组病理积分和外周血中LPS含量降低(P<0.05),食管组织中TLR4、NF-κB蛋白和基因表达亦明显降低(P<0.05)。结论旋覆代赭汤能够减轻RE模型大鼠食管黏膜的损伤,抑制TLR4、NF-κB的表达,促进食管黏膜损伤的恢复。     

鼻咽癌放疗导致海马损伤及认知功能障碍研究进展

放射性认知功能障碍是鼻咽癌患者放疗后常见并发症,主要与神经发生障碍、胶质细胞损伤、血管损伤和细胞因子表达异常有关。随着医学的进步,功能磁共振可以提示认知障碍的早期病变,屏蔽海马及药物治疗(美金刚、多奈哌齐、贝伐单抗等)等方法可改善放射性认知障碍。本文总结了放射性认知障碍的发病机制、影像学、放疗剂量学和治疗方法。     

C57BL/6小鼠放射性心肺功能不全动物模型建立

目的 建立C57BL/6小鼠放射性心肺功能不全动物模型。方法 24只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、照射组。照射组接受胸部局部单次20 Gy电子线照射,照后饲养6个月。超声心动检查心功能,血气分析检测血氧分压(PaO₂),Tunel染色法检测细胞凋亡,Masson染色法检测心肺纤维化。结果 照射组LVEF (68.60±10.92)%与对照组(81.75±8.79)%降低(P<0.01);照射组心脏凋亡指数(23.90±6.60)%比对照组(3.25±3.38)%增高(P<0.01);照射组心脏CVF (15.42±5.72)%比对照组(1.45±0.64)%增高(P<0.01)。照射组PaO₂(86.10±7.60) mmHg比对照组PaO₂(107.16±9.01) mmHg下降(P<0.01);照射组肺脏凋亡指数(27.90±8.94)%比对照组(2.50±3.55)%增高(P<0.01);照射组肺脏CVF (17.76±5.77)%比对照组(2.50±3.55)%增高(P<0.01)。结论 辐射使心肺凋亡纤维化重塑,进而导致心肺功能的下降,成功构建C57BL/6小鼠放射性心肺功能不全动物模型。     

反流性食管炎中医学研究进展

反流性食管炎(RE)是由于胃或十二指肠的内容物反流入食管,而引起食管组织黏膜炎症、糜烂和纤维化等病变。属于胃食管反流病(GERD)的范畴,临床上以反酸、烧心、灼热、疼痛、嗳气等为主要表现,常见的并发症为食管狭窄、出血、Barrett食管及食管腺癌等。中医学中没有反流性食管炎的病名,但根据其临床表现,可以归属于“吞酸”、“吐酸”、“嘈杂”、“胃脘痛”等范围。中医对反流性食管炎的认识逐渐完善,治疗上以“和法”为主,并取得了良好的疗效。但因在中医病名、辨证和治疗上缺乏统一标准,有待临床进一步研究。本文通过查阅相关文献,概括出反流性食管炎的中医病因病机、辨证分型、治则治法及常用方药,探讨反流性食管炎的中医学研究进展。     

Esophageal perforation in eosinophilic esophagitis: A systematic review on clinical presentation,management and outcomes

There is evidence of an increased fragility in the inflamed esophagus of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We performed a systematic review on presentation, management and outcomes of and surgical interventions for esophageal perforation in these patients, by searching in the MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus databases.Of the 599 references identified, 41 full-papers and 9 abstract met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 76 esophageal perforation episodes in 70 individual patients aged between 9 and 65 years were reported. 51 patients had not been diagnosed with EoE at the time of perforation; 14 patients had an untreated disease and the remaining were non responsive to therapy. Acute or progressive pain after long-lasting dysphagia and food impaction was the most common symptom leading to diagnosis in 42 patients who presented with Boerhaave syndrome. Pushing impacted food into the stomach led to perforation in 5 cases. Eight episodes appeared after dilation. CT scans demonstrated perforation in 82.4% of patients.Conservative management (including esophageal stenting) was used in 67.1% patients. The 25 remaining patients underwent surgery. Recovery was uneventful in the vast majority of patients. No death was reported.Active inflammation due to undiagnosed or untreated EoE was present in most cases of esophageal perforation. Conservative treatment of perforation should always be considered in EoE.     

疏肝和中汤联合雷贝拉唑治疗肝胃郁热型反流性食管炎临床研究

的:探讨疏肝和中汤联合雷贝拉唑治疗肝胃郁热型反流性食管炎患者的疗效。方法:选择68 例肝胃郁热型反流性食管炎患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组34例。对照组给予雷贝拉唑治疗; 治疗组给予疏肝和中汤联合雷贝拉唑治疗,8周为1个疗程,随后观察患者治疗前后的症状积分变化及食管黏膜修复作用,及其对胃蛋白酶原I(PGI)、胃蛋白酶原比值(PGR)、胃泌素17(G-17)水平影响,评价两组药物的临床疗效。结果: 治疗组临床疗效总有效率91.2%; 对照组临床疗效总有效率70.1%,经统计学分析具有统计学意义,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。 中药对改善嘈杂易饥、神疲乏力、抑郁或心烦易怒、口苦咽干、大便秘结等肝胃郁热症状效果优于对照组。 中药组能更好促进食管黏膜修复作用,达到良好效果。 疏肝和中汤联合雷贝拉唑可以降低胃蛋白酶原I(PGI)、胃蛋白酶原比值(PGR)、胃泌素17(G-17)水平。结论:疏肝和中汤联合雷贝拉唑对反流性食管炎肝胃郁热证具有较好的临床疗效。