Potentilla anserine L. polysaccharide protects against cadmium-induced neurotoxicity

Cadmium is a toxic metal that can damage the brain and other organs. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of Potentilla anserine L. polysaccharide (PAP) against CdCl₂-induced neurotoxicity in N2a and SH-SY5Y cells and in the cerebral cortex of BALB/c mice. In addition, we aimed to identify the potential mechanisms underlying these protective effects. Relative to CdCl₂ treatment alone, pretreatment with PAP prevented the reduction in cell viability evoked by CdCl₂, decreased rates of apoptosis, promoted calcium homeostasis, decreased ROS accumulation, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited cytochrome C and AIF release, and prevented the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. In addition, PAP significantly decreased the CdCl₂-induced phosphorylation of CaMKII, Akt, and mTOR. In conclusion, PAP represents a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of Cd-induced neurotoxicity, functioning in part via attenuating the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the Ca²⁺-CaMKII-dependent Akt/mTOR pathway.     

Primary vaccination in adult patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – A single center retrospective efficacy analysis

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) results in a loss of humoral immunity and subsequent risk for severe infections. Thus, re-vaccination is required but may fail due to incomplete immune reconstitution. We retrospectively analyzed predictors of immune response to primary vaccination applied according to the EBMT (European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group) recommendations. Serologic response to vaccination against diphtheria (D), tetanus (T), Bordetella pertussis (aP) and Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) (administrated as combined DTaP-Hib-IPV vaccination) was studied in 84 alloHSCT patients transplanted between 2008 and 2015 (age at alloHSCT: 18.6–70.6 years). All patients with a relapse-free survival of ≥9 months, at least 3 consecutive vaccinations and absence of intravenous immunoglobulin administration within 3 months before and after vaccination met the primary inclusion criteria. Additionally, immunological response to a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was analyzed in a subgroup of 67 patients. Patients’ characteristics at the time of first vaccination were recorded. Responses were measured as vaccine-specific antibody titers. Regarding DTaP-Hib-IPV vaccination, 89.3% (n = 75) of all patients achieved protective titers to at least 3 of the 4 vaccine components and were thus considered responders. 10.7% (n = 9) of the patients were classified as non-responders with positive immune response to less than 3 components. Highest response was observed for Hib (97.4%), tetanus (95.2%) and pneumococcal vaccination (83.6%) while only 68.3% responded to vaccination against Bordetella pertussis. Significant risk factors for failure of vaccination response included low B cell counts (p < 0.001; cut-off: 0.05 B cells/nl) and low IgG levels (p = 0.026; mean IgG of responders 816 mg/dl vs. 475 mg/dl of non-responders). Further, a trend was observed that prior cGvHD impairs vaccination response as 88.9% of the non-responders but only 54.7% of the responders had prior cGvHD (p = 0.073). The results demonstrate, that the currently proposed vaccination strategy leads to seroprotection in the majority of alloHSCT patients.     

穴位注射卡介菌多糖核酸治疗支气管哮喘疗效观察

目的:观察卡介菌多糖核酸不同给药途径对支气管哮喘疗效的差异。方法:将60例支气管哮喘患者随机分为穴位注射组30例和肌肉注射组30例。穴位注射组将卡介菌多糖核酸注射液于双侧肺俞穴处行穴位注射,前15d每日1次,双侧肺俞穴各注射1mL,15d以后隔日注射1次,连续用药3个月;肌肉注射组将卡介菌多糖核酸注射液2mL注射于一侧臀部,给药时间同穴位注射组。比较治疗后两组肺功能及免疫球蛋白情况及停药3个月后两组症状、体征积分及哮喘控制测试(ACT)得分。结果:两组治疗后肺功能、IgE、IgG、症状体征积分、ACT得分均较治疗前改善(P0.01),但穴位注射组的改善作用优于肌肉注射组(P0.01,0.05),停药3个月后穴位注射组症状体征积分、ACT得分仍优于肌肉注射组(P0.01)。结论:穴位注射较肌肉注射卡介菌多糖核酸能更快速、持久控制患者症状、体征,能更显著改善肺功能、降低IgE,是治疗支气管哮喘的有效方案。     

A phase II,single-center,randomized, double-blind,parallel control clinical study evaluating the immunogenicity and safety of a two-dose schedule of serogroups ACYW meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine

BackgroundThis was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel control study evaluating the immunogenicity and safety of a two-dose schedule of serogroups ACYW meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine with tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate protein, in infants and toddlers of 3–35 months old.Method720 participants were stratified according to the age of 3–5 months old, 6–11 months old, and 12–35 months old and randomly assigned with an equal ratio to two different dose groups, i.e., 40- and 20-μg doses. Blood samples were taken from all participants before the first vaccination and 30 days after the full-course vaccination to detect the serogroups ACYW meningococcal antibodies. All adverse events occurred within 30 days after vaccination of each dose, and serious adverse events occurred within six months after full-course vaccination were collected for safety evaluation. This study was registered at the China drug trial registration with the identifier CTR 20182031.ResultsAfter 30 days of full-course vaccination, 92.78 % (95 % CI: 85.70 %-100.00 %) showed the immune response against all serogroups in both high-dose and low-dose groups by rabbit serum bactericidal antibody assay (rSBA) and the geometric mean titer (GMT) of all serogroups showed a high level (74.6–505.8, 95 % CI: 56.4–615.7). However, no significant difference between different dose groups was observed (P > 0.05). The common local and systemic adverse events in both groups were redness (3 %-7%), and fever (26 %-65 %), respectively. In addition, the grade 3 adverse event related to the vaccine was fever (1.67 %-12.50 %). No serious adverse event was reported to be associate with the vaccination.ConclusionThe serogroups ACYW meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine was safe and effective in the population aged 3–35 months. The vaccine efficacy and safety of the 20-μg dose group were not less than that of the 40-μg dose group.     

蜜炙对甘草饮片免疫活性影响的实验研究

目的 观察甘草饮片蜜炙前后对小鼠离体脾淋巴细胞转化增殖能力的影响。方法 无菌操作分离小鼠脾脏,制备脾淋巴细胞。加入刺激剂刀豆蛋白和不同浓度的甘草、蜜炙甘草饮片及其配伍的炙甘草汤水提物、醇提物以及多糖与甘草苷样品溶液培养48 h,以噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测细胞增殖情况。结果 甘草、蜜甘草饮片和炙甘草汤水提物组以及多糖组与对照组相比均能显著增强经ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力（P＜0.01）,同时上述各样品蜜炙品水提物组明显高于相应的生品组（P＜0.05）。各样品醇提物、甘草苷、蜂蜜组与对照组比较无明显差别（P＞0.05）。结论 甘草生炙饮片免疫活性存在明显差别,蜜炙后免疫活性增强,其中多糖成分是甘草的主要免疫活性成分。甘草饮片生品和蜜炙品在临床应用中应区分应用,保证临床疗效。     

卡介菌多糖核酸治疗非变应性高反应性鼻炎的临床研究

目的:观察卡介菌多糖核酸应用于非变应性高反应性鼻炎的临床治疗效果和安全性。方法:采用随机单盲对照试验的方法,将80例非变应性高反应性鼻炎患者随机分为试验组和对照组,分别给予卡介菌多糖核酸注射液(BCG-PSN)和二丙酸倍氯米松(BDP)治疗,前组予BCG-PSN肌注,每次0.5mg,2d1次,18次为1疗程;后组给予BDP鼻腔喷雾,2次/d,连续36d。均随访至停药后半年。观察并记录治疗后0、1、3、6个月时两组患者的症状及体征评分和不良反应。结果:治疗结束时,试验组总有效率为95.0%,对照组为97.5%,两组差异无显著性。治疗停止后1、3、6个月时试验组的总有效率明显高于对照组,且差异有显著性。两组均无全身不良反应发生,对照组有轻度局部不良反应。结论:BCG-PSN对非变应性高反应性鼻炎有较好的治疗效果,且安全性好。     

多糖蛋白乳膏联合维生素C片治疗黄褐斑的效果

目的 探讨多糖蛋白乳膏联合维生素C片治疗黄褐斑患者的有效性及安全性。方法 选取2018年 6月-2021年7月西安画美医疗美容医院收治的黄褐斑患者82例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分 为常规组和治疗组,每组41例。常规组予以维生素C片治疗,治疗组在常规组基础上联合多糖蛋白乳膏治 疗,比较两组皮损症状评分、皮损面积、不良反应发生率及治疗优良率。结果 治疗组治疗后黄褐斑颜色 评分低于常规组,黄褐斑面积小于常规组（P＜0.05）;治疗组不良反应发生率低于常规组,治疗优良率 高于常规组（P＜0.05）。结论 多糖蛋白乳膏联合维生素C片治疗黄褐斑效果确切,能有效改善患者的皮 损症状,缩小黄褐斑皮损面积,且不良反应发生几率低。     

复方天麻蜜环糖肽片联用甲磺酸倍他司汀片治疗颈性眩晕

目的：观察复方天麻蜜环糖肽片联用甲磺酸倍他司汀片治疗颈性眩晕的疗效。方法：将94例以眩晕为主要症状的颈椎病患者,随机分为两组。治疗组47例,用复方天麻蜜环糖肽片联用甲磺酸倍他司汀片;对照组47例,单纯用甲磺酸倍他司汀片治疗,疗程为14d。结果：治疗组总有效率93.6%,显效率70.2%;对照组总有效率87.2%,显效率51.1%。治疗组治疗后血脂和血流变学明显改善。结论：复方天麻蜜环糖肽片联用甲磺酸倍他司汀片治疗颈性眩晕的疗效高于单用甲磺酸倍他司汀片。     

戴氏虫草多糖诱导肿瘤细胞分化的研究

目的：观察戴氏虫草多糖（ CDP）对人红白血病K562细胞和人早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞分化的影响。方法：用1、10、100及1000 mg/L浓度的CDP分别处理K562细胞和HL-60细胞2 d,台盘蓝染色计数两种细胞的死活细胞数,同时检测CDP处理后K562细胞的血红蛋白的含量,观察200个HL-60细胞的分化情况。结果：在CDP作用下,K562细胞存活率增高,K562细胞内血红蛋白含量增加;HL60细胞形态向中幼,晚幼阶段方向分化,且其阳性细胞数与CDP的浓度有明显的量—效关系。结论：CDP可诱导K562细胞与HL60细胞分别向红细胞系和粒细胞系方向分化。     

苯酚-硫酸法测定甘露聚糖肽口服溶液中多糖含量的条件优化

目的:优化苯酚-硫酸法测定甘露聚糖肽口服溶液中多糖含量的反应条件。方法:通过单因素和正交试验,研究各因素对实验结果的影响,并对这些因素进行优化和方法学验证。结果:实验结果表明,苯酚浓度3%、硫酸用量5.0 mL,显色时间15 min,显色温度80℃为苯酚-硫酸法测定甘露聚糖肽口服溶液多糖含量的最佳条件,在此条件下平均回收率为102.7%,其RSD为1.4%。结论:优化后的方法重复性和准确性均有所提高。