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1.
AimsThis review aims to provide an update of available methods for imaging calcification activity and potential therapeutic options.Data SynthesisAortic valve calcification represents the most common heart valve condition requiring treatment among adults in Western societies. No medical therapies are proven to be effective in treating symptoms or reducing disease progression. Therefore, surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement remains the only available treatment option. Elevated circulating concentrations of lipoprotein(a) is strongly associated with degenerative aortic stenosis. This relationship was first observed in prospective observational studies, and the causal relationship was confirmed in genetic studies.ConclusionsNew therapeutic targets have been identified and new imaging techniques could be used to test the effectiveness of new agents and further clarify the pathophysiology of AVS. No therapy that specifically lowers Lp (a) levels has been approved for clinical use.  相似文献   
2.
目的探讨丹酚酸B(Sal B)对小鼠动脉粥样硬化病变和氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞胞葬作用的影响,阐明Sal B抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制。  相似文献   
3.
目的 描述和分析1990—2019年中国高血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high LDL cholesterol,高LDL - C)疾病负担状况及变化趋势,并预测未来5年的疾病负担,为中国高LDL - C科学防控提供依据。方法 提取2019年全球疾病负担(GBD 2019)中因高LDL - C造成的死亡数、死亡率及DALYs等疾病负担指标,相关指标均采用GBD 2019全球标准人口进行年龄标准化,采用平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)分析率的变化趋势,并应用R 4.1.0对1990—2016年中国因高LDL - C造成的死亡率和DALYs率建立ARIMA模型和NNAR模型,用2017—2019年的数据来评价两模型的拟合效果,最后用拟合效果最好的模型预测2020—2024年中国高LDL - C死亡率和DALYs率。结果 1990—2019年中国高LDL - C造成的死亡率(AAPC = 3.1%,P<0.05)和DALYs率(AAPC = 2.2%,P<0.05)整体呈波动上升趋势;标化死亡率和DALYs率增长14.21%和0.56%,男女性别比范围分别为1.33~1.67和1.36~1.76,男性高于女性;年龄别疾病负担≥70岁人群远高于15~49岁和50~69岁群体;ARIMA(0,2,0)和NNAR(1,1)模型预测与实际趋势基本一致,前者预测值与实际值相对误差、均方根误差(RMSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)以及平均绝对百分误差(MAPE)均较小,预测精度更好。 结论 中国高LDL - C造成的疾病负担呈逐渐上升趋势,在2020—2024年将继续上升。男性、高龄人群疾病负担更加沉重,应采取针对性措施进行干预。  相似文献   
4.
Background and aimsIntermittent fasting reduces risk of interrelated cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and heart failure (HF). Previously, we reported that intermittent fasting reduced homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Metabolic Syndrome Score (MSS) in the WONDERFUL Trial. Galectin-3 may act to reduce insulin resistance. This post hoc evaluation assessed whether intermittent fasting increased galectin-3.Methods and resultsThe WONDERFUL Trial enrolled adults ages 21–70 years with ≥1 metabolic syndrome features or type 2 diabetes who were not taking anti-diabetic medication, were free of statins, and had elevated LDL-C. Subjects were randomized to water-only 24-h intermittent fasting conducted twice-per-week for 4 weeks and once-per-week for 22 weeks or to a parallel control arm with ad libitum energy intake. The study evaluated 26-week change scores of galectin-3 and other biomarkers. Overall, n = 67 subjects (intermittent fasting: n = 36; control: n = 31) completed the trial and had galectin-3 results. At 26-weeks, the galectin-3 change score was increased by intermittent fasting (median: 0.793 ng/mL, IQR: ?0.538, 2.245) versus control (median: ?0.332 ng/mL, IQR: ?0.992, 0.776; p = 0.021). Galectin-3 changes correlated inversely with 26-week change scores of HOMA-IR (r = ?0.288, p = 0.018) and MSS (r = ?0.238, p = 0.052). Other HF biomarkers were unchanged by fasting.ConclusionA 24-h water-only intermittent fasting regimen increased galectin-3. The fasting-triggered galectin-3 elevation was inversely correlated with declines in HOMA-IR and MSS. This may be an evolutionary adaptive survival response that protects human health by modifying disease risks, including by reducing inflammation and insulin resistance.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, NCT02770313 (registered on May 12, 2016; first subject enrolled: November 30, 2016; final subject's 26-week study visit: February 19, 2020).  相似文献   
5.
目的 探讨低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1(low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1,LRP1)-磷酸化酪氨酸激酶2(proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 phosphorylation,pPyk2)-基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinases 9,MMP9)通路在高氧诱导新生大鼠肺损伤中的作用。 方法 将16只新生大鼠随机分为空气组和高氧组,每组8只。高氧组大鼠于生后即置于吸入氧浓度>95%的环境中7 d,空气组大鼠置于同室空气环境中;第8天处死全部大鼠。苏木精-伊红染色法观察两组大鼠肺组织病理变化;ELISA法检测血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液中可溶性LRP1(sLRP1)、MMP9水平;Western blot法检测肺组织LRP1、MMP9、pPyk2及Pyk2蛋白表达水平;RT-PCR法检测肺组织LRP1 mRNA及MMP9 mRNA表达水平。 结果 血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液中sLRP1、MMP9在高氧组的水平均高于空气组(P<0.05);高氧组肺组织匀浆LRP1、MMP9、pPyk2蛋白表达水平较空气组显著升高(P<0.05);肺组织LRP1 mRNA、MMP9 mRNA在高氧组的相对表达量显著高于空气组(P<0.05)。 结论 LRP1-pPyk2-MMP9通路在高氧诱导新生大鼠肺损伤中活化增强,可能参与支气管肺发育不良的发病机制。  相似文献   
6.
Background and aims(Poly)phenols might contribute to prevent cardiovascular disease, but limited prospective studies exist among adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate within-subject longitudinal changes in (poly)phenols intakes and food group contributors while also exploring the association with metabolic syndrome risk (MetS) during 10 years of follow up in European adolescents becoming young adults.Methods and resultsIn 164 participants (58% girls, 13-18 y at baseline) from Ghent, Zaragoza and Lille, longitudinal data (2006–2016) on (poly)phenol intake was retrieved via 2 or 3 24 h recalls. Linear and logistic longitudinal regression tested the association of (poly)phenols intake (total and classes) with Mets risk or its components (waist-height-ratio, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and insulin resistance index), adjusted for age, sex, country and other nutrient intakes. The total (poly)phenols intake was 421 ± 107 mg/day (192 mg/1000 kcal/day) at baseline, while 610 ± 101 mg/day (311 mg/1000 kcal/day) at follow-up. The three major food sources for (poly)phenols were ‘chocolate’, ‘fruit and vegetable juices’, ‘cakes and biscuits’ during adolescence and ‘coffee’, ‘tea’ and ‘chocolate’ during adulthood. Phenolic acid intake was associated with less LDL increase over time, while stilbene intake with a steeper increase in triglycerides over time.ConclusionsDifferences in major (poly)phenols contributors over time were partially explained by age-specific dietary changes like increased coffee and tea during adulthood. Some significant (poly)phenols-MetS associations might argue for nutrition-based disease prevention during adolescence, especially since adolescents had low (poly)phenols intake.  相似文献   
7.
Background and aimsElevated circulating levels of CathepsinD (CatD) have been linked to metabolic deviations including liver inflammation. We investigated 1) whether supplementation with probiotics and/or fish oil affects CatD and 2) whether the CatD concentration would associate with gestational diabetes (GDM), low-grade inflammation, lipid metabolism, body fat % and dietary composition.Methods and resultsOverweight/obese pregnant women (n = 438) were randomized into fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics or placebo + placebo groups. Fish oil contained 1.9 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.22 g eicosapentaenoic acid and probiotics were Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 (formerly Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420, 1010 colony-forming units each). Serum CatD levels were analysed by ELISA, GlycA and lipid metabolites by NMR, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) by immunoassay, and intakes of energy yielding nutrients and n-3 and n-6 fatty acids from food diaries at both early and late pregnancy. GDM was diagnosed by OGTT. CatD concentrations did not differ between the intervention groups or by GDM status. Multivariable linear models revealed that body fat % and GlycA affected CatD differently in healthy women and those with GDM.ConclusionThe serum CatD concentration of pregnant women was not modified by this dietary intervention. Serum CatD was influenced by two parameters, body fat and low grade inflammation, which were dependent on the woman's GDM status.Clinical trial reg. noNCT01922791, clinicaltrials.gov (secondary analysis).  相似文献   
8.
Background and aimsWhile low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a good predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is superior when the two markers are discordant. We aimed to determine the impact of adiposity, diet and inflammation upon ApoB and LDL-C discordance.Methods and resultsMachine learning (ML) and structural equation models (SEMs) were applied to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to investigate cardiometabolic and dietary factors when LDL-C and ApoB are concordant/discordant. Mendelian randomisation (MR) determined whether adiposity and inflammation exposures were causal of elevated/decreased LDL-C and/or ApoB. ML showed body mass index (BMI), dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA), dietary fibre, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and uric acid were the most strongly associated variables (R2 = 0.70) in those with low LDL-C and high ApoB. SEMs revealed that fibre (b = ?0.42, p = 0.001) and SFA (b = 0.28, p = 0.014) had a significant association with our outcome (joined effect of ApoB and LDL-C). BMI (b = 0.65, p = 0.001), fibre (b = ?0.24, p = 0.014) and SFA (b = 0.26, p = 0.032) had significant associations with CRP. MR analysis showed genetically higher body fat percentage had a significant causal effect on ApoB (Inverse variance weighted (IVW) = Beta: 0.172, p = 0.0001) but not LDL-C (IVW = Beta: 0.006, p = 0.845).ConclusionOur data show increased discordance between ApoB and LDL-C is associated with cardiometabolic, clinical and dietary abnormalities and that body fat percentage is causal of elevated ApoB.  相似文献   
9.
目的 探讨低剂量替格瑞洛对稳定性冠心病(stable coronary heart disease,SCAD)患者冠脉微循环及外周血单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio,MHR)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,NLR)的影响。方法 将2019年1月-2021年2月在南京脑科医院(胸科院区)就诊的SCAD患者138例,按照随机数表法分成A、B、C三组,每组46例,三组患者采取不同抗血小板策略,A组单纯采用阿司匹林治疗,B组采用阿司匹林联合标准剂量替格瑞洛治疗,C组采用阿司匹林联合低剂量替格瑞洛治疗,连续治疗6个月。对比三组患者治疗前后冠脉微循环阻力指数(microcirculatory resistance, IMR)、血小板微颗粒(platelet microparticles, PMPs)及MHR、NLR水平变化情况,三组患者均随访1年,对比三组患者出血情况。结果 治疗后,三组IMR及PMPs水平均较同组治疗前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),三组治疗后IMR及PMPs水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组IMR及PMPs水平改善程度优于B、C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B、C两组治疗后IMR及PMPs改善程度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,三组MHR及NLR水平均较同组治疗前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),三组治疗后MHR及NLR水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B、C组MHR及NLR水平改善程度优于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B、C两组治疗后MHR及NLR改善程度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访1年期间,三组患者大出血发生率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),小出血发生率存在明显差异(P<0.05),进一步进行组间两两比较,A组和C组患者小出血发生率低于B组(P<0.05),但A组和C组患者小出血发生率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 综上所述,SCAD患者采用低剂量替格瑞洛,能帮助改善患者冠脉微循环、降低血栓形成风险及炎症状态,与标准剂量达到的效果相似,同时还可降低出血风险。  相似文献   
10.
目的:观察清脑汤治疗H型高血压的临床疗效及对同型半胱氨酸、血脂的影响。方法:选择2016年10月至2018年12月在本院就诊的168例H型高血压患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组各84例,对照组采用非洛地平缓释片治疗,每次5 mg,每日清晨口服,治疗组采用中药清脑汤治疗,日1剂,水煎服,分2次温服。两组均以7 d为1个疗程,均连续治疗4个疗程。观察两组患者治疗前后血压、血脂水平和心功能。结果:治疗后,治疗组日间收缩压、夜间收缩压、日间舒张压、夜间舒张压较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,治疗组同型半胱氨酸(homocystein,Hcy)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein-C,HDL-C)及三酰甘油(triacylglycerol,TG)水平与对照组比较明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组不良反应发生率为16.67%,治疗组不良反应发生率为5.95%,两组不良反应发生率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组每搏输出量(stroke volume,SV)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)高于对照组(P<0.05),左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-systolic dimension,LVEDD)低于对照组(P<0.05);对照组有效率为73.81%,治疗组有效率为90.48%,两组有效率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:清脑汤可以提高H型高血压患者的临床疗效,降低同型半胱氨酸及血脂的浓度。  相似文献   
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