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1.
目的 了解超重或肥胖与执行功能的研究现状与发展趋势,把握当前该领域研究热点。方法 以Web of Science核心合集数据库收录的、发表于2010年-2021年的1 321篇以“超重或肥胖与执行功能”为主题的文献为分析对象,采用CiteSpace与VOSviewer绘制知识图谱,通过发文量、研究国家和地区、研究机构以及关键词的共现、聚类和突现进行可视化分析。结果 ①发文量增长趋势方面,2010年-2021年,超重或肥胖与执行功能研究的发文状况分为三个阶段,2010年-2014年、2017年-2021年这两个阶段发文量快速增长,2014年-2017年发文量增长较平缓;②参与研究的国家和地区方面,共有64个国家和地区参与该领域的研究,其中美国的发文量最多,与其他国家和地区的合作交流最频繁、影响力最大,居该研究领域核心地位;③研究机构方面,共有1 627所机构参与该领域的研究,其中伊利诺伊大学(Illinois University)发文量最多且与多所高产机构合作紧密,形成了具有一定规模的研究团体;④关键词分析方面,研究内容主要涉及饮食行为研究、预防与干预研究、风险因素评估以及不同群体特征分析。结论 超重或肥胖与执行功能研究整体呈快速发展态势,国际关注度高且研究范围广泛。  相似文献   
2.
BackgroundChildren with disabilities present with high obesity rates.ObjectiveThis study explored the parental experience of adopting healthy lifestyle choices, for children with disabilities, who received dietetic weight management advice.MethodsSemi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out with eight parents/carers in their own homes or healthcare setting in an inner London locality, or by telephone. Data was analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach.ResultsFive superordinate themes emerged: 1. Strategies to promote healthy lifestyles: encouraging physical activity, limiting access to food and taking a gradual approach to making lifestyle changes. 2. Challenges to adopting healthy lifestyles: selective eating patterns, the high cost of healthy foods and parental/carer lack of time. 3. The role of healthcare professionals (HCPs): revealed that not all parents/carers received advice or support, prior to dietetic referral, when managing their child's weight. Feeling reassured by HCPs was valued. Parents/carers reported a positive experience of seeing the dietitian, as they appreciated receiving practical and individualized advice. 4. Support needs: family support and support from families with children with disabilities was explored. 5. Parent/carer wellbeing: such as stress was found to have a detrimental impact on parents making healthy lifestyle changes.ConclusionsAdopting a healthy lifestyle involved a variety of strategies and challenges, some of which are specific to this population group and should be considered by HCPs, when having weight-related discussions and offering advice. Parental/carer support needs and wellbeing should also be taken into consideration when planning weight management services for this population group.  相似文献   
3.
张楠  姜天  张一  章秋 《中国全科医学》2022,25(32):4041-4045
背景 肥胖会导致胰岛素抵抗(IR)的发生进而引发2型糖尿病(T2DM),严重影响人类健康。鸢尾素(irisin)是一种新发现的肌肉和脂肪因子,在代谢调控中具有重要作用,T2DM合并超重肥胖患者的血清irisin水平会出现何种变化值得研究。 目的 观察T2DM超重肥胖患者血清irisin水平情况,并探讨血清irisin水平变化的影响因素。 方法 选取2019年12月至2021年6月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科住院治疗的T2DM患者119例,根据体质指数(BMI)分为糖尿病超重肥胖组(n=78)和糖尿病体质量正常组(n=41)。另选取同期于本院体检且BMI正常的健康者为对照组(n=52)。比较三组受试者一般资料、实验室检查指标及血清irisin水平,采用Spearman秩相关分析探究血清irisin水平与一般资料及实验室检查指标的相关性,采用多元线性回归分析探究血清irisin水平的影响因素。 结果 三组收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、BMI、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、稳态胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖尿病体质量正常组血清irisin水平低于对照组,糖尿病超重肥胖组血清irisin水平低于对照组、糖尿病体质量正常组(P<0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,血清irisin水平与HDL-C呈正相关(rs=0.304,P<0.05),与SBP、DBP、BMI、TG、HbA1c、FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR呈负相关(rs值分别为-0.271、-0.420、-0.372、-0.164、-0.418、-0.348、-0.293、-0.348,P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,DBP〔b=-0.049,P=0.011〕、HbA1c〔b=-0.156,P=0.009〕、FINS〔b=-0.21,P=0.038〕是血清irisin水平的影响因素。 结论 T2DM患者血清irisin水平较健康者明显降低,尤其是合并超重肥胖患者,且血清irisin水平与血压、BMI、血脂、血糖及IR等因素存在一定关系。  相似文献   
4.
《Indian heart journal》2022,74(5):382-390
BackgroundHypertension is the leading cause of death throughout the world. The study was conducted to assess the prevalence, determinants and knowledge & practices about hypertension among rural adults in India.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in 10 major states of India. Information on socio-economic & demographic particulars was collected and anthropometric measurements like height, weight, waist & hip circumference and blood pressure were measured. Foods and nutrient intakes were assessed by 24-h recall method. Analysis was done using SPSS window 22.ResultsThe prevalence of pre-hypertension was 45.3% (95% CI: 44.6–46.0) and hypertension was 22% (95% CI: 21.5–22.3) (age standardized prevalence; 20.2%) while, overweight/obesity was 22.6% (95% CI: 22.2–23.0) as per Asian cut offs (BMI≥23). The prevalence of hypertension was higher in West Bengal (29.5%) and Kerala (28.9%) and low in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh (16–19%). The odds of hypertension was 1.2 times higher among forward communities, businessmen, tobacco users and those consuming alcohol, 2–3 times higher among overweight (CI: 1.87–2.25) and obese (2.65–3.27). The odds of hypertension was 1.2 times higher among those consuming lower tertile of carbohydrates (CI = 1.02–1.41) and zinc (CI = 1.11–1.42). About 76% were aware of hypertension, 21% were old hypertensive & 19% were on treatment. Conclusions: Age standardized prevalence of hypertension was 20% among adults and was associated with age, occupation, overweight/obesity, tobacco and alcohol use, low intake of carbohydrates and zinc. Therefore, increasing awareness and consumption of healthy diet through behavior change communication will help to control hypertension among adults.  相似文献   
5.
Background and aimsThe long-term relations between excessive adiposity in early childhood and unfavourable cardiometabolic profiles in later ages are not yet completely understood. We aimed to assess the associations between birth weight (BW) and BMI from 6 months to 6 years of age, with biomarkers indicative of low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and lipid profiles in adolescence.Methods and resultsRetrospective school-based study with 415 Portuguese adolescents (220 girls), mean age of 14.08 ± 1.6 years old. Anthropometric data from birth to 6 years old was extracted from individual child health book records. Actual weight and height were measured and BMI calculated. Participants were classified at each time point as normal weight or overweight according to WHO reference values. Biomarkers were obtained from venous blood samples. Linear regressions were used to explore the associations between the biomarkers and early life anthropometric indicators. From 2 years onwards, BMI associated positively with the inflammatory score and HOMA-IR in adolescence. Children who were overweight/obese from 2 to 6 years of age presented significantly higher inflammatory score and HOMA-IR later in adolescence. TC/HDL ratio was also positively associated with BMI from the age of 5 years onwards. The associations between BMI and cardiometabolic outcomes remained positive in adolescence, with overweight adolescents presenting a higher inflammatory score, HOMA-IR and TC/HDL than normal weight adolescents.ConclusionA high BMI from an early age was consistently associated with worse inflammatory and lipid profiles and insulin resistance in adolescence. No associations were found between BW and the same studied outcomes.  相似文献   
6.
蔡正杰      鲜金利      李婷婷      曾茂      张帆      黄洪云  赵勇   《现代预防医学》2020,(18):3326-3329
目的 探究祖辈带养对学龄前儿童饮食行为、身体活动和超重肥胖的影响。方法 采用文献研究法,检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库和PubMed 数据库中近5年发表的祖辈带养对学龄前儿童饮食行为、身体活动和超重肥胖影响的文献,进行描述性统计分析。结果 最终纳入16篇文献。文献研究结果表明,祖辈带养可能是学龄前儿童超重肥胖的危险因素,可能的原因主要为祖辈带养导致学龄前儿童不健康的饮食行为和身体活动减少。结论 祖辈带养对学龄前儿童饮食行为、身体活动和超重肥胖有影响,对祖辈进行营养健康教育可能对学龄前儿童超重肥胖的防控有着重要作用。  相似文献   
7.
BackgroundHigh body mass index (BMI) has been reported to be associated with the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the association between BMI and efficacy of anti-PD-1 inhibitors remains controversial. The present study investigated this association in patients with advanced NSCLC.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with advanced NSCLC who received PD-1 inhibitors at the National Cancer Center Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018. The efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors (progression-free survival [PFS], overall survival [OS], and response rate) was compared between overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and non-overweight (BMI <25 kg/m2) groups. Cohort 1 included patients with high PD-L1 expression who were treated with pembrolizumab as first-line therapy; Cohort 2 included patients treated with nivolumab/pembrolizumab as second- or later-line treatment.ResultsA total of 324 patients were included in this study and the median BMI (IQR) was 21.4 (19.5–23.6) kg/m2. Of the 324 patients, 279 (86.1%) and 45 (13.9%) were in the non-overweight and overweight groups, respectively. No significant differences in objective response rate (ORR), PFS, or OS were found between overweight and non-overweight patients overall (n = 324; overweight vs. non-overweight: ORR, 28.9% vs. 31.9%, respectively [p = 0.68]; PFS, 7.6 vs. 5.8 months, respectively [p = 0.43]; and OS, 17.6 vs. 15.3 months, respectively [p = 0.90]), or between overweight and non-overweight patients in Cohorts 1 and 2.ConclusionsNo significant differences in the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors were observed between overweight and non-overweight patients.  相似文献   
8.
黄素兰  梁莉  葛良清 《中国全科医学》2020,23(25):3175-3179
背景 肥胖高血压患者出现尿微量白蛋白(MAU),除了肥胖本身这个因素外,其他相关的危险因素研究则较少。目的 探讨初诊肥胖高血压患者早期肾功能受损发生情况及其相关危险因素。方法 选择2015年12月-2017年12月在常德市第一人民医院门诊首次就诊的高血压患者456例,其中肥胖组111例,超重组210例,正常体质量组135例。比较三组患者一般资料、肾功能指标、诊室血压、动态血压,分析早期肾功能受损发生情况。然后将肥胖组患者依据尿微量白蛋白肌酐比值(ACR)分为MAU阳性组和阴性组,比较两组临床资料,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析肥胖患者发生MAU的影响因素。结果 肥胖、超重与体质量正常组患者性别、体质指数(BMI)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油、MAU阳性率、肌酐、尿酸、诊室收缩压和舒张压、24 h收缩压、白昼收缩压和舒张压、夜间收缩压比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MAU阳性组肥胖患者的空腹血糖、诊室收缩压和舒张压、24 h收缩压和舒张压、白昼收缩压和舒张压、夜间收缩压和舒张压高于阴性组,夜间收缩压下降率低于阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,空腹血糖〔OR(95%CI)=8.289(2.221,30.936)〕、白昼收缩压〔OR(95%CI)=5.528(1.019,30.588)〕、夜间收缩压下降率〔OR(95%CI)=0.117(0.038,0.360)〕是肥胖高血压患者发生MAU的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 肥胖高血压患者是早期肾功能损害的高危人群,空腹血糖、白昼收缩压和夜间收缩压下降率与肥胖高血压患者发生早期肾功能受损相关联。  相似文献   
9.
目的探讨脂肪重积聚(adiposity rebound,AR)提前与5岁儿童肥胖和代谢各指标的关联。方法研究基于已经建立的"马鞍山市优生优育(MABC)",在2013年10月至2015年4月出生的单胎活产儿,连续追踪随访至5岁时的儿童,截至2019年8月份共获得有连续性儿童测量数据≥8次及代谢指标的有720例。采用体格检查以及实验室检测的方法,获得儿童出生情况、身长/身高、体重、腰围、人体成分、代谢指标等信息。使用χ2检验、F检验、t检验、非参数检验、一般线性模型和Logistic回归模型进行分析。结果已有43.47%学龄前儿童界定为AR提前(AR≤4岁)。控制性别后,AR提前组5岁儿童超重/肥胖(OR=2.71,95%CI:1.81~4.05)、腰围超标(OR=1.88,95%CI:1.25~2.82)、体脂肪百分比≥P90(OR=2.09,95%CI:1.26~3.48)的发生风险均上升,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);AR提前组5岁儿童胰岛素抵抗和代谢风险因子得分虽高于未提前组,但是差异无统计学意义。5岁儿童肥胖和超重的发生率分别为6.0%和12.8%,且超重肥胖儿童、腰围超标、腰高比超标和体脂百分比≥P90者,胰岛素抵抗和代谢风险因子得分均较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 AR提前能增加5岁超重/肥胖、腰围超标和体脂肪百分比超标的风险,且5岁儿童肥胖各指标超标与胰岛素抵抗和代谢风险因子密切相关。  相似文献   
10.
BackgroundCanada's and Australia's 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth provide daily recommendations for physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep for optimal health. Previous studies have examined the associations between meeting these 24-hour movement guidelines and overweight and obesity among children without disabilities. Less is known about potential associations between the 24-hour movement behaviors and the weight status of children with disabilities.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether meeting movement behavior recommendations (i.e. ≥ 60 min of Moderate-to-vigorous activity [MVPA] per day, ≤ 2 h of recreational ST per day, and 9–11 h of sleep for those aged 5–13 years [or 8–10 h for children aged 14–17 years]), and combinations of these recommendations, are associated with overweight and obesity in Chinese children with ASD.MethodParticipants were 99 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 7–17 years old recruited from one Chinese special school. MVPA and nightly sleep duration were measured using 24-hour wrist-worn accelerometer. ST was reported by parents by using reliable and valid items derived from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (Chinese version). A series of binary logical regression analyses were performed for analysis.ResultsOnly 16.2% met all the three movement behavior recommendations. The proportions of children with ASD who met the recommendation for PA, ST, and sleep were 32.3%, 52.5%, and 65.7%, respectively. The children with ASD who met the MVPA (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15–0.94), MVPA + Sleep (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09–0.81), and all three 24-hour movement guidelines (OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.77), had significantly lower odds ratios for overweight/obesity than those who did not meet the respective recommendations.ConclusionsMeeting the MVPA, MVPA + Sleep, and all three of the guidelines was associated with lower odds ratios for overweight and obesity in children with ASD, and MVPA was the single most important activity for weight control among this population. Therefore, meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines, especially the MVPA guideline should be considered an effective intervention and can inform the design of strategies and policies for the prevention of overweight and obesity in children with ASD.  相似文献   
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