Non-destructive profiling of volatile organic compounds using HS-SPME/GC–MS and its application for the geographical discrimination of white rice

The authenticity determination of white rice is crucial to prevent deceptive origin labeling and dishonest trading. However, a non-destructive and comprehensive method for rapidly discriminating the geographical origins of white rice between countries is still lacking. In the current study, we developed a volatile organic compound based geographical discrimination method using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC–MS) to discriminate rice samples from Korea and China. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model exhibited a good classification of white rice between Korea and China (accuracy = 0.958, goodness of fit = 0.937, goodness of prediction = 0.831, and permutation test p-value = 0.043). Combining the PLS-DA based feature selection with the differentially expressed features from the unpaired t-test and significance analysis of microarrays, 12 discriminatory biomarkers were found. Among them, hexanal and 1-hexanol have been previously known to be associated with the cultivation environment and storage conditions. Other hydrocarbon biomarkers are novel, and their impact on rice production and storage remains to be elucidated. In conclusion, our findings highlight the ability to rapidly discriminate white rice from Korea and China. The developed method maybe useful for the authenticity and quality control of white rice.     

基于近红外高光谱成像鉴别不同产地的红参

目的：建立一种基于近红外(NIR)高光谱成像技术融合近红外光谱和图像纹理特征,鉴别不同产地红参药材的方法。方法：提取红参ROI近红外高光谱数据,采用多种预处理算法对光谱数据进行降噪处理。利用灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)和灰度游程矩阵(GLRLM)提取图像纹理特征,实现NIR光谱和图像纹理数据融合。利用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)和支持向量机分类(SVC)建立产地分类模型。结果：全波段光谱融合GLRLM所构建的模型性能最佳,准确率分别为90.0%和91.2%。进一步地使用混淆矩阵和ROC曲线对模型进行评估。混淆矩阵中SVC模型表现优异,对吉林、黑龙江和辽宁3个产地的分类准确率可达100%、91%和83%;经ROC特征曲线评估,2个模型的最优曲线下面积值分别达到了0.97和0.96。结论：本研究为快速鉴别红参药材不同产地提供了一种新方法。     

肺透明细胞瘤临床病理学观察

目的探讨肺透明细胞瘤的临床病理学和免疫组化表型特点、组织起源及鉴别诊断。方法对1例肺透明细胞瘤运用光镜、HE及免疫组化方法分析,并复习相关文献。结果肺透明细胞瘤瘤细胞圆形或椭圆形,胞界清楚,胞浆透明或嗜伊红,无明显核分裂像。免疫组化:HMB-45(+)、CD34(+)、CK(-)、EMA(-)、S-100(-)、Syn(-)、CgA(-),组织化学PAS(+)。结论肺透明细胞瘤是一种较罕见的肿瘤,大多呈良性,坏死罕见,若有坏死,需考虑恶性可能,治疗通常为手术切除。其诊断和鉴别诊断主要依靠组织病理学及免疫组化,熟悉其形态学有利于与其它类似病变如转移的肾透明细胞癌及肺自身发生的透明细胞癌等鉴别。     

检验标本不合格原因的分析及预防措施

目的分析我院检验科标本不合格的原因,查找处理对策。方法对检验科标本不合格原因、不合格项目及科室不合格送检率进行分析。结果我院检验送检标本不合格率为0.78%,其中不合格原因以标本凝块、痰液标本为唾液、标本量少、无标本、乳糜血、条码错误、项目与标本类型不符等原因居多;不合格项目以血常规标本最高,其次是微生物;不合格标本送检率较高的科室是内科、重症监护病房、儿科。结论针对不合格标本原因,应该采取有效措施,减低或减少不合格标本的发生,确保检验结果的质量,为临床提供可靠的诊断依据。     

Enhanced Heterosexual Transmission Hypothesis for the Origin of Pandemic HIV-1

HIV-1 M originated from SIVcpz endemic in chimpanzees from southeast Cameroon or neighboring areas, and it started to spread in the early 20th century. Here we examine the factors that may have contributed to simian-to-human transmission, local transmission between humans, and export to a city. The region had intense ape hunting, social disruption, commercial sex work, STDs, and traffic to/from Kinshasa in the period 1899–1923. Injection treatments increased sharply around 1930; however, their frequency among local patients was far lower than among modern groups experiencing parenteral HIV-1 outbreaks. Recent molecular datings of HIV-1 M fit better the period of maximal resource exploitation and trade links than the period of high injection intensity. We conclude that although local parenteral outbreaks might have occurred, these are unlikely to have caused massive transmission. World War I led to additional, and hitherto unrecognized, risks of HIV-1 emergence. We propose an Enhanced Heterosexual Transmission Hypothesis for the origin of HIV-1 M, featuring at the time and place of its origin a coincidence of favorable co-factors (ape hunting, social disruption, STDs, and mobility) for both cross-species transmission and heterosexual spread. Our hypothesis does not exclude a role for parenteral transmission in the initial viral adaptation.     

采用Origin软件计算DXI 800发光仪的四参数logistic定标数据

目的采用Origin软件拟合DXI 800发光仪的四参数logistic定标数据,比较其与DXI 800计算的数据差异,探讨采用Origin软件计算DXI 800未知数据的可能性。方法选择睾酮、总甲状腺素、雌二醇、肌钙蛋白I、促甲状腺激素、癌胚抗原和孕酮的定标数据,采用Origin软件拟合四参数logistic计算结果,与DXI 800发光仪计算的结果比较。结果采用Origin软件计算的结果与DXI 800计算的结果基本一致,平均偏倚介于-0.85%~1.68%之间。结论可以采用Origin软件计算DXI 800发光仪的未知结果。     

广州大学生恋爱动机调查报告

目的:探讨恋爱动机(现实表现、尝试体验、慕才攀比和空虚满足)在广州大学生中是否存在显著的性别、是否独生子女、生源地及恋爱状况差异,为引导大学生正确对待恋爱提供实证依据和支持。方法:采用自编的广州大学生恋爱动机问卷对广州6所高校共436名大学生进行调查。结果:(1)男生在现实表现和尝试体验这两个维度上的得分要显著高于女生(t=5.20,2.21;P0.05);(2)非独生子女在慕才攀比和空虚满足这两个维度上得分显著高于独生子女(t=-2.34,2.69;P0.05);(3)生源地是农村和城镇的大学生,他们的现实表现型动机显著高于出生在城市的大学生(F=5.99,P0.01);生源地是农村的大学生,他们的慕才攀比型动机显著高于出生在城市的大学生(F=5.08,P0.01);(4)既从未恋爱,又无恋爱打算的大学生在各个维度上的得分均显著小于处于其它恋爱状况的大学生(F=3.33,7.83,3.00,6.39;P0.05)。结论:广州大学生的恋爱动机存在显著的性别、独生与否、生源地与恋爱状况的差异。     

不同产地石膏成分含量的比较分析

目的探讨不同产地石膏成分含量差异,为临床应用提供依据。方法选取十个产地石膏样品,采用乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-2Na)滴定法进行含水硫酸钙含量测定,分析不同产地及不同产区石膏含水硫酸钙含量。结果各产地石膏样品含水硫酸钙含量均超过95%,符合国家药典委员会制定《中华人民共和国药典》(2010年)测定要求;湖北荆门产区石膏样品含水硫酸钙含量平均值最高,以下依次为湖北应城产区、河北邢台及河南三门峡;其中湖北荆门产区又以磊鑫石膏有限公司提供样品含水硫酸钙含量最高,达到99.772%;而不同颜色石膏中白色石膏含水硫酸钙含量最高,以下依次为红色石膏、透明石膏,蜡黄色石膏含量最低。结论各产区石膏含水硫酸钙含量均达到国家标准;湖北荆门地区石膏含水硫酸钙含量高于其他地区,其中尤以磊鑫石膏有限公司含量最高。     

CTA观察女性髂内动脉分型和子宫动脉起源及角度的意义

目的探讨X线电子计算机断层扫描血管成像(CTA)检查对研究女性髂内动脉分型和子宫动脉起源及角度的意义。方法选取2011年7月至2012年12月因各种盆腔病变在我院行盆腔CTA检查的108例患者,通过Start Vitrea2工作站对图像进行后处理,参照Adachi等的分型标准对髂内动脉进行分型及对比分析,并对子宫动脉的起源及角度进行研究。结果髂内动脉分型情况:Ⅰ型占61.2%(132/216)、Ⅱ型占9.7%(21/216)、Ⅲ型24.1%(52/216)、Ⅳ型4.7%(10/216)、V型占0.5%(1/216)。此外,子宫动脉起源以臀下阴部干最常见(40.1%),其次是髂内动脉主干和阴部内动脉,所占比例分别为19.3%和18.4%;子宫动脉的夹角小于30°约占62.3%,其开口显像的最佳角度多常见于15°~30°。结论术前行CTA检查可以清楚地了解髂内动脉分型和子宫动脉起源及角度,对介入治疗及盆腔手术有重要的指导意义。     

The origin of the genetic code and of the earliest oligopeptides

Reconstruction of the earliest proteins in the ancient binary alphabet [glycine family G, alanine family A] leads to repeats of G alternating with repeats of A. In addition, omnipresent motifs can be assembled in two of the earliest genes involved in energy supply, crucial for Life, i.e. ATP/GTP binding and ATPase activity. They are an almost perfect match to the alternating G and A and are complementary to each other.