Association of Multimodal Pain Control with Patient-Reported Outcomes in Children Undergoing Surgery

IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.     

Optimization of morphine extraction method for the assay of its urinary 3-glucuronideconjuguate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

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Kynurenic acid and zaprinast diminished CXCL17-evoked pain-related behaviour and enhanced morphine analgesia in a mouse neuropathic pain model

Background

The G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35), is considered important for nociceptive transmission, as suggested by accumulating evidence. This receptor was discovered in 1998; however, a lack of pharmacological tools prevented a complete understanding of its function and how to exploit it therapeutically. We studied the influence of CXCL17, kynurenic acid and zaprinast on nociceptive transmission in naïve and neuropathic mice. Additionally, we investigated the influence of kynurenic acid and zaprinast on morphine effectiveness in neuropathic pain.

神经胶质细胞参与吗啡耐受机制及治疗的研究进展

 吗啡是临床上常用的强效镇痛药，然而长期应用会导致其镇痛效能降低，发生吗啡耐受。以往对吗啡耐受机制的研究主要集中在脊髓神经元敏化等中枢神经元机制，近年来越来越多的学者开始关注神经胶质细胞，特别是小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞，在吗啡耐受形成中的作用。本文简要综述了神经胶质细胞参与吗啡耐受的作用机制及其治疗的研究进展，为解决临床上中重度疼痛治疗中的难点问题提供新的解决思路与依据。     

Therapeutic concentration of morphine reduces oxidative stress in glioma cell line

Morphine is a potent analgesic opioid used extensively for pain treatment. During the last decade, global consumption grew more than 4-fold. However, molecular mechanisms elicited by morphine are not totally understood. Thus, a growing literature indicates that there are additional actions to the analgesic effect. Previous studies about morphine and oxidative stress are controversial and used concentrations outside the range of clinical practice. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that a therapeutic concentration of morphine (1 μM) would show a protective effect in a traditional model of oxidative stress. We exposed the C6 glioma cell line to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and/or morphine for 24 h and evaluated cell viability, lipid peroxidation, and levels of sulfhydryl groups (an indicator of the redox state of the cell). Morphine did not prevent the decrease in cell viability provoked by H₂O₂ but partially prevented lipid peroxidation caused by 0.0025% H₂O₂ (a concentration allowing more than 90% cell viability). Interestingly, this opioid did not alter the increased levels of sulfhydryl groups produced by exposure to 0.0025% H₂O₂, opening the possibility that alternative molecular mechanisms (a direct scavenging activity or the inhibition of NAPDH oxidase) may explain the protective effect registered in the lipid peroxidation assay. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that morphine in usual analgesic doses may contribute to minimizing oxidative stress in cells of glial origin. This study supports the importance of employing concentrations similar to those used in clinical practice for a better approximation between experimental models and the clinical setting.     

新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院门诊患者麻醉药品使用情况分析

目的 分析新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院门诊麻醉药品的使用现状,为促进合理用药提供参考依据,促进癌症镇痛药物合理使用和科学规范管理。方法 收集2019—2022年新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院门诊患者麻醉药品用药相关数据,对麻醉药品的处方数量、总消耗量、销售总金额、用药频度(DDDs)、限定日费用(DDC)、排序比(B/A)等进行数据分析。结果 2019—2022年新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院门诊麻醉药品共涉及12个品规。盐酸羟考酮缓释片(10 mg)、盐酸吗啡片的处方量较多;麻醉药品的总消耗量显现逐年递减现象,盐酸羟考酮缓释片(40 mg)和硫酸吗啡缓释片(30 mg)总体用药量较多;销售金额总体上出现递增趋势,其中盐酸羟考酮缓释片(40 mg)与盐酸吗啡缓释片(30 mg)销售金额连续4年位居前3名,并且2者的DDDs连续3年排在前3名。结论 新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院门诊患者麻醉药品总消耗量逐渐减少,销售金额逐年增长,麻醉药品的使用基本合理,管理方式科学有序符合标准。但是,仍需加强临床规范化用药,药师需要进一步提高业务能力并加强监督和干预,倡导麻醉药品个体化用药。     

鞘内泵入吗啡对炎性疼痛大鼠T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞表型的影响

目的:观察鞘内泵入不同剂量的吗啡对福尔马林炎性疼痛大鼠免疫功能的影响.方法: 40 只雄性SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组(NS组)、假手术组(F组)和吗啡组(M组),其中M组分为10μg*h-1(M1)、5μg*h-1(M2)、2.5μg*h-1(M3)三种不同剂量组,采用改良Yaksh法进行鞘内置管,Alzet泵持续泵入吗啡或生理盐水1天后,构建福尔马林炎性疼痛模型,根据疼痛加权评分(PIS)评价吗啡镇痛效应,持续泵入7天后分离脾脏单个核细胞进行培养,流式细胞仪检测脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞表型变化.结果: (1)与NS组比较,M1、M2、M3组在福尔马林炎性疼痛第一时相和第二时相的PIS有显著性差异(P<0.01),随着泵入剂量的增加,PIS逐渐下降,但三者间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);(2) 与NS组比较,吗啡泵入7天后M1、M2、M3组可导致CD3 、 CD3 CD4 、 CD3 CD8 数量及百分率降低,CD4 / CD8 降低,CD161 数量及百分率降低,有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论: (1) 鞘内泵入吗啡( 2.5μg*h-1)对炎性疼痛大鼠具有明显的抗伤害作用;(2)鞘内泵入不同剂量吗啡(10μg*h-1、5μg*h-1、2.5μg*h-1)可剂量依赖性地抑制大鼠细胞免疫功能.