Effects of exogenous factors on spatial accuracy in neurosurgery

The study aimed to assess the effect of exogenous factors such as surgeon posture, surgical instrument length, fatigue after a night shift, exercise and caffeine consumption on the spatial accuracy of neurosurgical manipulations. For the evaluation and simulation of neurosurgical manipulations, a testing device developed by the authors was used. The experimental results were compared using nonparametric analysis (Wilcoxon test) and multivariate analysis, which was performed using mixed models. The results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. The study included 11 first-year neurosurgery residents who met the inclusion criteria. Hand support in the sitting position (Wilcoxon test p value = 0.0033), caffeine consumption (p = 0.0058) and the length of the microsurgical instrument (p = 0.0032) had statistically significant influences on the spatial accuracy of surgical manipulations (univariate analysis). The spatial accuracy did not significantly depend on the type of standing position (Wilcoxon test p value = 0.2860), whether the surgeon was standing/sitting (p = 0.1029), fatigue following a night shift (p = 0.3281), or physical exertion prior to surgery (p = 0.2845).When conducting the multivariate analysis, the spatial accuracy significantly depended on the test subject (p < 0.0001), the use of support during the test (p = 0.0001), and the length of the microsurgical instrument (p = 0.0397). To increase the spatial accuracy of microsurgical manipulations, hand support and shorter tools should be used. Caffeine consumption in high doses should also be avoided prior to surgery.     

上颌侧切牙腭根遗漏、钙化伴侧壁穿孔显微根管外科手术一例

目的报道一例上颌侧切牙根管治疗术后腭根遗漏、钙化伴侧壁穿孔病例,探讨根管治疗规范及侧壁穿孔显微根管外科手术治疗方法。方法患者,女,40岁,主诉左上前牙唇侧脓包1周,查体见22牙颊侧黏膜见瘘管口,舌窝见树脂补体,影像学检查示22牙单根双根管,颊根充填达尖,腭根遗漏且根尖1/3段无明显根管影像,根中1/3段远中根面处高密度充填物影像突破侧壁,外被半月形低密度透射区。复诊显微镜下寻及腭根根管口、疏通钙化并常规热牙胶充填,三氧化矿物凝聚体(MTA)充填穿孔处。显微根管外科手术清理侧壁穿孔外炎性软组织,MTA倒充填。结果术后10 d瘘管消失,术后4和52个月X线片示根中1/3段远中根面高密度MTA阻射影,外围半月形透射影缩小,骨密度增高。结论对于牙髓病学的根管治疗病例,术前应仔细阅读影像片,术后若发现低密度透射影像围绕侧壁根充物,则考虑侧壁穿孔,建议行MTA牙体内充填或并行显微根管外科手术封闭穿孔,密切观察。     

A unique case of pure lateral spinal cord herniation

BackgroundSpinal cord herniation (SCH) remains a challenging diagnosis for neuroradiologists and may require treatment challenging for neurosurgeons. Most cord herniations are usually found at anterior thoracic levels.Clinical presentationA 28-year-old woman presented at our department with a 7-year history of progressive myelopathy. MR analysis showed a displacement of the spinal cord in a lateral thoracic dural defect. The herniated cord was released using a microscope and the patient significantly recovered 6 months after surgery.ConclusionWe present a unique case of pure lateral SCH. In the light of reviewed literature and operative findings, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed.     

侧裂区病变周围水肿对术中脑膨出的影响

目的 探讨侧裂区病变周围水肿对术中急性脑膨出的影响。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2020年9月手术治疗的68例侧裂区病变的临床资料。结果 68例中，无-轻度周围水肿25例，中-重度周围水肿43例。中-重度周围水肿术中脑膨出发生率（60.5%，26/43）明显高于无-轻度周围水肿（24.0%，6/25；P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析表明，中-重度水肿是侧裂区病变发生术中脑膨出的独立危险因素（OR=3.07; 95% CI 1.06~14.52；P=0.040）。结论 周围周水肿是引起侧裂区病变术中急性脑膨出的重要原因，临床应充分重视，采取有效措施缓解周围水肿，可以有效避免或减少术中脑膨出。     

Analysis of therapeutic methods for treating vocal process granulomas

Conclusion: The combination of laryngeal microsurgery and local injections of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) can increase the cure rate of patients with vocal process granulomas (VPGs). Objective: To analyze the therapeutic effects of conservative treatments, microsurgical resection with suturing and microsurgery in combination with local injections of BTA for the treatment of VPGs. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 168 cases of VPG was performed. All of the patients initially received a conservative treatment. Some of the patients who did not respond to the conservative treatments were treated using microsurgical resection and microsuturing using an 8-0 absorbable filament. Other patients additionally received a four-point injection of BTA into the thyroarytenoid muscle and the arytenoid muscle on the operated side. Results: The lesions of 41.3% (71/168) of the patients who were given the conservative treatments (including acid suppression, vocal rest, and voice therapy) disappeared, and the lesions of 10.7% (18/168) of the patients were reduced. The conservative treatments were unsuccessful for 47% (79/168) of the patients. The cure rate was 78.4% (29/37) for the patients who were treated by microscope resection using a CO₂ laser and microsuturing of the surrounding mucosa. Of the eight patients who experienced a recurrence, five of them had lesions that disappeared after 3 months of conservative treatment, whereas the other three patients recovered after a second operation. The cure rate of the 42 patients who were treated using microsurgery combined with local injections of BTA was 95.2% (40/42), with only 2 cases of recurrence at 2 months post-treatment.     

颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水的系统评价

目的系统评价颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率。方法以脑积水、夹闭、介入、栓塞、颅内动脉瘤、脑动脉瘤、蛛网膜下腔出血/蛛网膜下隙出血,以及hydrocephalus、shunt、clipping、coiling、surgical、endovascular、embolization、treatment、intracranial aneurysm、cerebral aneurysm、subarachnoid hemorrhage等中英文词组,计算机检索1990年1月-2015年9月美国国立医学图书馆生物医学信息检索系统、荷兰医学文摘、Cochrane临床对照试验中心注册库、中国知网中国知识基础设施工程、万方数据库,辅助手工检索《中华神经外科杂志》、《中国现代神经疾病杂志》和《中国脑血管病杂志》等相关杂志,查阅关于颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率的临床研究。采用Jadad量表和Newcastle-Ottawa量表评价文献质量,Rev Man 5.3和Stata 13.1统计软件进行Meta分析。结果共获得731篇文献,经剔除重复和不符合纳入标准者,最终纳入18项临床试验共计15 920例颅内破裂动脉瘤患者,行夹闭术者10 038例、行栓塞术5882例。Meta分析显示:两种治疗方式术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率差异无统计学意义(OR=0.860,95%CI:0.720~1.030;P=0.110);分析结果的稳定性较差,但不存在发表偏倚(Egger法:P=0.795)。结论颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率无显著差异,但尚待进一步的高质量临床研究加以证实。     

肿瘤性复杂性胸壁缺损的修复策略及对肿瘤治疗的积极影响

复杂性胸壁缺损的修复一直是一项极具挑战性的工作。肿瘤性复杂性胸壁缺损的修复决策及其执行困难是限制胸壁肿瘤治疗方法选择及影响预后的重要因素之一。皮瓣解剖学研究的深入、胸壁支持结构重建技术的进步、显微外科技术的发展、麻醉护理的发展、对综合治疗的重视和治疗手段的进步等,使传统认为不可切除的胸壁肿瘤得以彻底地切除和安全有效地修复,从而使与缺损修复相关的肿瘤切除及辅助治疗的禁忌证缩减到最小程度,有效地提高了胸壁肿瘤患者的生存质量,并很大程度上延长了生存率。作者以湖南省肿瘤医院整形外科15年565例胸壁肿瘤切除后修复重建的临床资料为依据,充实了胸壁肿瘤切除及修复的策略:(1)可靠的胸壁骨性支架重建;(2)有效的软组织修复;(3)麻醉及护理与手术团队的合作;(4)系统有序的综合治疗。并进一步明确了复杂胸壁肿瘤切除及重建的细节理念,包括胸部肿瘤治疗中加强多学科合作的密切性和科学性,整形外科医生参与肿瘤治疗整体规划的主动性和时机前移等。     

自发性硬脊膜外血肿15例诊治分析

目的 探讨自发性硬脊膜外血肿（SSEH）的临床特点、治疗方法及效果。方法 回顾性分析2015年3月至2019年11月收治的15例SSEH的临床资料，保守治疗1例，手术治疗14例:椎板减压血肿清除10例，其中行脊柱固定融合7例，血肿清除后椎板还纳1例，半椎板入路血肿清除3例。结果 首次发病9例，两次以上6例。1例保守治疗ASIA分级由入院时C级恢复至出院时E级，后来失访。手术治疗的14例术后随访3个月~4年:4例术前ASIA分级A级中，1例术后随访3个月时仍为A级，随后失访；1例术后2年恢复至D级，2例术后3个月均恢复至E级；术前ASIA分级B~D级的10例术后3个月全部恢复至E级。13例3个月以后随访没有再发病，MRI复查未见复发；X线检查未见脊柱畸形和内固定松动。结论 部分SSEH有反复发病的特点，尽早手术可改善病人预后，不同的病例应该个体化选择手术方式