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1.
A paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) episode developed in summer 2018 in the Rías Baixas (Galicia, NW Spain). The outbreak was associated with an unprecedentedly intense and long-lasting harmful algal bloom (HAB) (~one month) caused by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) were analyzed in extracts of 45 A. minutum strains isolated from the bloom by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column oxidation and fluorescence detection (HPLC-PCOX-FLD). PSTs were also evaluated in tissues from marine fauna (invertebrates and fish) collected during the episode and in dolphin samples. The analysis of 45 A. minutum strains revealed a toxic profile including GTX1, GTX2, GTX3 and GTX4 toxins. With regard to the marine fauna samples, the highest PSTs levels were quantified in bivalve mollusks, but the toxins were also found in mullets, mackerels, starfish, squids and ascidians. This study reveals the potential accumulation of PSTs in marine invertebrates other than shellfish that could act as vectors in the trophic chain or pose a risk for human consumption. To our knowledge, this is the first time that PSTs are reported in ascidians and starfish from Spain. Moreover, it is the first time that evidence of PSTs in squids is described in Europe.  相似文献   
2.
目的 通过对含海马方剂构成信息进行数据挖掘和知识发现,构建关联网络,分析海马的历代应用情况,挖掘海马用药配伍经验,发现海马潜在功效和主治病症,为海马的临床应用和开发提供依据。方法 以《中医方剂大辞典》《中国药典》《中华医典》等多部著作为方源,收集含有海马的相关方剂,并进行频数分析、关联规则挖掘和关联网络的构建。结果 共筛选有文献记载的含海马方剂154首。从剂型看,大多为散剂,从方剂分布年代来看,海马的应用虽然有很长历史,但是古代应用并不广泛,现代应用较多。通过对配伍药物进行分析发现,与海马配伍频率较高的是“鹿茸”、“熟地黄”、“肉苁蓉”等补益药物。从功效主治方面看,大多数方剂具有“补肾”、“温阳”、“益精”等传统功效外,还具有健脑等功效;主治病症中,除“阳痿”、“癥瘕”、“疔疮”等《中国药典》所记载的疾病之外,还可治疗“虚劳”、“健忘”、“瘿病”、“不寐”、“痹证”、“小便淋沥或不通”等。对其进行关联关系分析发现,海马配伍补肾温阳的效果较为明显,多用于治疗阳痿,且腰痛、虚劳、遗精、健忘、不育等疾病的治疗与补肾关系密切;在治疗癥瘕时,多与醋、樗鸡、干漆、硇砂、斑蝥、水蛭、没药、当归配伍。结论 该研究不仅发现了含海马方剂的常用剂型、分布年代和药物配伍规律,发现了历代医家应用海马的临床经验,还探索了海马的潜在应用价值。海马作为一味海洋中药,具有温、补、托、消等特性,除常用于治疗阳痿外,还可用于治疗腰痛、健忘、瘿病、不寐、痹证等病症,这些研究结果可为拓展海马的临床应用提供理论基础及依据。  相似文献   
3.
A pair of new azaphilone epimers, perangustols A-B (12), and two new natural products (34), together with two known metabolites (56) were isolated from the culture of the marine sediment-derived fungus Cladosporium perangustum FS62. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The isolated compounds (16) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the SF-268, MCF-7, NCI-H460, and HepG-2 tumor cell lines. Nonetheless, no significant activity was observed.  相似文献   
4.
5.
目的 对抗凝血活性海洋硫酸多糖HP1-1的结构进行研究。方法 通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)、高效凝胶渗透色谱(HPGPC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(IR)以及气质联用色谱(GC-MS)和核磁共振波谱(NMR)方法,对抗凝血活性海洋硫酸多糖HP1-1的结构进行解析。结果 海洋硫酸多糖HP1-1的分子量为297 kDa,总糖和硫酸基含量分别为78.1%和12.3%;HP1-1主要由葡萄糖组成,含有少量半乳糖、阿拉伯糖和甘露糖;HP1-1糖链中含有→4)-Glcp-(1→、→3)-Glcp-(1→、→3,4)-Glcp-(1→、→4)-Arap-(1→、→3,4)-Galp-(1→和→3)-Galp-(1→,硫酸基位于→4)-Glcp-(1→的C-3位和→3)-Galp-(1→的C-4位。 结论 海洋多糖HP1-1是主要由葡萄糖组成的硫酸多糖,含有多种糖基连接方式,为独特结构序列的新颖海洋硫酸甘露阿拉伯半乳葡聚糖。  相似文献   
6.
目的:研究新型海洋双吲哚纤溶活性化合物FGFC1对血小板聚集的影响,发现纤溶活性化合物FGFC1与血小板相关因子变化的关系,同时比较双吲哚化合物FGFC1和单吲哚化合物FGFC2作用于血小板的异同。方法:从新鲜兔血收集血小板,调整反应体系血小板密度,以乙酰水杨酸为阳性对照,采用微量比浊法分析FGFC1和FGFC2对血小板聚集率的影响,用酶联免疫法测定FGFC1和FGFC2对血小板生理因子含量的变化。结果:FGFC1对ADP和AA诱导的血小板聚集具有抑制作用,最大抑制率分别达到42.58%±1.7%和47.82%±2.18%;FGFC2对ADP、AA和胶原诱导的血小板聚集均具有抑制作用,最大抑制率分别为50.12%±1.02%、45.28%±1.09%和50.28%±2.12%。FGFC1与FGFC2均能提升血小板内环磷酸腺苷含量,且FGFC2能明显降低血小板内血栓素A2含量。结论:海洋双吲哚纤溶活性化合物显著抑制血小板聚集,FGFC1通过影响血小板环磷酸腺苷的含量实现抑制血小板聚集,FGFC2可能通过不止一种途径抑制血小板聚集。吲哚化合物抑制血小板聚集与分子结构密切相关。  相似文献   
7.
目的 在基于运动平台的抗眩晕训练和模拟操纵训练研究基础上建立更符合真实海洋环境要求的海上医疗救护实验研究平台,用于模拟海上医疗环境进行训练或实验。方法 设计海洋与船舶运动仿真控制系统,以算法规划路径,模拟海洋环境以及船舶在海浪中的运动及姿态。结果 系统能根据实验需要的浪级、天气、海区等初始情况的设置,计算生成实时的海洋状态模型,在6自由度摇摆平台上实现真实海洋环境的仿真。结论 仿真控制系统可为海上医疗救治研究提供实验环境、为海上医疗救治流程确定与验证提供研究手段。  相似文献   
8.
Marine natural products have as of now been acknowledged as the most important source of bioactive substances and drug leads. Marine flora and fauna, such as algae, bacteria, sponges, fungi, seaweeds, corals, diatoms, ascidian etc. are important resources from oceans, accounting for more than 90% of the total oceanic biomass. They are taxonomically different with huge productive and are pharmacologically active novel chemical signatures and bid a tremendous opportunity for discovery of new anti-cancer molecules. The water bodies a rich source of potent molecules which improve existence suitability and serve as chemical shield against microbes and little or huge creatures. These molecules have exhibited a range of biological properties antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumour etc. In spite of huge resources enriched with exciting chemicals, the marine floras and faunas are largely unexplored for their anticancer properties. In recent past, numerous marine anticancer compounds have been isolated, characterized, identified and are under trials for human use. In this write up we have tried to compile about marine-derived compounds anticancer biological activities of diverse flora and fauna and their underlying mechanisms and the generous raise in these compounds examined for malignant growth treatment in the course of the most recent quite a long while.  相似文献   
9.
Pharmaceutical drugs in the wild may pose significant risks to non-target exposed organisms. This situation is even more troublesome for coastal marine or estuarine environments, located in the vicinity of large human conglomerates, for which the putative number of pollutants is extremely high, and the regime by which wild organisms are exposed is continuous. In addition, the number of studies addressing this issue is still scarce, despite evidences that show the potential contamination profiles and adverse biological effects in organisms from such areas. In this study, the ecotoxicity of common pharmaceutical drugs (namely paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid) was assessed, by studying the susceptibility of the mussel species Mytilus spp to oxidative stress after being exposed for 96 h to increasing but ecologically relevant concentrations of the two mentioned pharmaceuticals (paracetamol: 0, 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 μg/L; acetylsalicylic acid: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/L). The oxidative status in exposed organisms was analyzed by measuring oxidative stress biomarkers, namely catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), and lipoperoxidation (LPO) levels, whose alteration was indicative of chemical exposure, in both digestive gland and gills of the organisms. In addition, the food uptake and the nutritional reserve status of exposed organisms were also assessed, by measuring the consumption of ingested food, and levels of tissue reserves of glycogen in gills and digestive gland. No significant alterations were observed in the assessed oxidative stress parameters so it was possible to hypothesize that the studied drugs may have probably exerted a limited alteration of antioxidant defenses and damage, which was reverted by the activation of defensive adaptive mechanisms. This set of data evidenced that the pro-oxidative metabolism that was already described for both drugs in other animal models, was not fully established in the exposed mussels. On the contrary, glycogen reserves were substantially changed after exposure to both toxicants, being possible to observe opposite responses caused by both drugs. Food uptake was not altered following exposure to the drugs. Further evaluations are thus required to conclude about both drugs ecotoxicity and other parameters, namely seasonality, which should be considered when performing ecotoxicology tests, especially with the selected species.  相似文献   
10.
Cancer is an uncontrolled multiplication of cells. The desire efficacy and severe toxicity of current anticancer drugs urge exploring and investigating a better alternative to existing chemotherapeutics. Natural products of marine origin are excellent sources of potential new drugs of enhanced biological activities. Objectives: Thus, the cytotoxic effects along with investigating the mode of cell death exerted by fractions, AP-9, AP-THR, DS-8 and DS-9 fraction of Acanthaster planci, Diadema setosum sp., on the human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. Methods: The cytotoxicity of fractions has determined by using an MTS assay. The early and late apoptosis was studied by using the High content Screening (HCS) instrument. Results: The four fractions produced effective cytotoxicity effects with IC50 values at 72hr of less than 20 μg/ml in the order of AP-9 > DS-9 > APTHR-9 > DS-8. The fraction s exhibited cytotoxicity via mediating apoptotic mode of cell death. The early apoptosis by exposure of phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and late apoptosis due to the presence of green stain (DNA fragmentation) in treated cells. Conclusion: The potent bioactive compounds might be responsible for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells and, thus, the potential to be a successful candidate for exploring upcoming chemotherapeutic drugs.  相似文献   
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