微量激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑病变的临床疗效

目的探讨微量激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑病变的临床疗效。方法将180例210眼临床确诊为轻至中度的背景型糖尿病性黄斑病变患者随机分为传统激光治疗组(90例108眼)和微量激光治疗组(90例102眼)。随访12个月,以三面镜裂隙灯显微镜、光学相干断层扫描仪(OCT)评估两组光凝前、后黄斑水肿严重程度、渗漏范围和硬性渗出的数量变化,同期进行视力、中心10°静态视野检查。结果术后12个月,传统激光治疗组中48例54 眼(50％)、微量激光治疗组中42例49眼(48％)OCT黄斑区厚度变薄。术后12个月在硬性渗出数量和程度上,传统激光治疗组好转54眼(50％),微量激光治疗组好转48眼(47％)。两组在OCT视网膜厚度、视力、视敏度等方面的改变均无明显差异(P>0．05)。结论微量激光与传统激光在治疗背景型糖尿病性黄斑病变方面的疗效相似。     

Automatic identification of diabetic maculopathy stages using fundus images

Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. Twenty years after the onset of diabetes, almost all patients with type 1 diabetes and over 60% of patients with type 2 diabetes will have some degree of retinopathy. Prolonged diabetes retinopathy leads to maculopathy, which impairs the normal vision depending on the severity of damage of the macula. This paper presents a computer-based intelligent system for the identification of clinically significant maculopathy, non-clinically significant maculopathy and normal fundus eye images. Features are extracted from these raw fundus images which are then fed to the classifier. Our protocol uses feed-forward architecture in an artificial neural network classifier for classification of different stages. Three different kinds of eye disease conditions were tested in 350 subjects. We demonstrated a sensitivity of more than 95% for these classifiers with a specificity of 100%, and results are very promising. Our systems are ready to run clinically on large amounts of datasets.     

Lesión macular bilateral tras la manipulación de un láser femtosegundo

Case reportWe describe the case of a 35-year-old man who arrived in the Emergency Department with bilateral macular injury caused by accidental exposure to an industrial femtosecond laser.DiscussionWorkers operating industrial lasers must protect their eyes properly when handling these devices. Otherwise, retina damage may occur which usually is recoverable. However, sometimes this damage causes permanent visual loss.     

Tratamiento combinado de la maculopatía por foseta papilar secundaria a glaucoma

Case reportA 58-year-old man was referred to the retina specialist for evaluation of decreased vision in the left eye (LE). At the first visit, visual acuity was 0.9 in right eye (RE) and hands movement in LE, and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was 34 mmHg and 42 mmHg in right and left eye, respectively. Dilated funduscopic examination revealed papillary pallor, increased cup-to-disc ratio of the optic nerve in both eyes, and retinal posterior pole edema in the LE. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography assessment confirmed the diagnosis of a macular serous retinal detachment (RD) caused by an optic disc pit secondary to glaucoma. Combined surgical treatment with ExPress drainage device implantation, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and juxtapapillar laser endophotocoagulation was performed. IOP normalization was achieved as well as complete anatomical resolution of macular RD.     

Diabetic patients treated with dialysis: complications and quality of life

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of complications, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the influence of beliefs about control over health in diabetic dialysis patients. Methods Of 53 eligible diabetic patients on chronic dialysis during January 2004 in our clinic, 38 (76%) completed a kidney-specific (Kidney Disease Quality of Life) and a generic (SF-36) questionnaire and were characterised in terms of cardiovascular diseases and diabetic complications. Matched groups of non-diabetic dialysis patients (n = 40) and diabetic patients with a long duration of diabetes and normal kidney function (n = 38) served as controls. Generic HRQOL was compared with matched data from a survey on the Danish general population (n = 2248). Results Micro- and macrovascular complications were significantly more frequent in diabetic dialysis patients than in diabetic patients without renal disease. Self-rated physical health was significantly worse (p < 0.01) in diabetic dialysis patients (35 ± 9 [mean ± SD]) compared with non-diabetic dialysis patients (41 ± 10), diabetic patients with normal kidney function (45 ± 12) and the matched general population (47 ± 19). The diabetic dialysis patients had similar levels of kidney-specific quality of life and mental health compared with the control groups. Reduced physical health was predicted by the presence of end-stage renal disease, diabetes and short time spent in education. Among the diabetic patients, those who believed more on their own ability to control their diabetes and less on chance reported better mental health and were less likely to be on dialysis. Conclusions/interpretations Diabetic dialysis patients are characterised by a high prevalence of diabetic complications, reduced self-rated physical health but relatively good mental health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.     

Imaging maculopathy in post-mortem human eyes

Age-related maculopathy (ARM) remains a poorly understood degeneration. To discover new pathways using contemporary genomics, proteomics, and immunohistochemistry, validate emerging animal models, and validate new imaging modalities, human tissues obtained from donor eyes will be essential to ARM research for the foreseeable future. Because fundus appearance is the clinical diagnostic lingua franca, laboratory investigators adapted these standards to the distinctive appearance of post-mortem tissues in order to identify and stage ARM in donor eyes. Post-mortem tissues offer unique advantages and limitations relative to pre-mortem tissues for imaging studies. One fellow eye can be used for imaging and the other for correlative laboratory studies, if some degree of disease stage asymmetry between eyes is acceptable. Histological verification is a necessary, albeit challenging, step in validating a grading system.     

Maculopatía por drogas de inhalación

Case reportA case of maculopathy due to «poppers» is described.DiscussionPoppers is a drug composed of various forms of alkyl nitrite. A 39 year-old man, who had been using poppers for years, was seen in the clinic with phosphenes, reduced visual acuity and central scotoma. The SD-OCT in the right eye showed disruption at the level of the IS/OS junction line. The SD-OCT scan in the left eye showed an outer rectangular retinal hole and an outer retinal cyst.     

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography–based prevalence of hydroxychloroquine maculopathy in Indian patients on hydroxychloroquine therapy: A utopia of underdiagnosis

BackgroundSpectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) detects early structural damage to macula in patients on Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy. The current screening protocols emphasize concurrent use of both SD-OCT and Visual field analysis (VFA) which detects functional damage to detect Hydroxychloroquine maculopathy. However, VFA is a time-consuming and subjective test which is often neglected. This study gives the prevalence of Hydroxychloroquine maculopathy using SD-OCT alone which often fails to detect macular damage in peri-foveal and extra-foveal area of the retina.MethodsThree hundred thirty four eyes of 167 patients taking systemic Hydroxychloroquine were studied with SD-OCT macular cube 512 x 128 to diagnose structural macular damage to detect prevalence of Hydroxychloroquine maculopathy.ResultsOut of 167 patients, only four patients showed features suggestive of Hydroxychloroquine maculopathy. One patient had ELM loss, two had para-foveal and one had peri-foveal IS-OS disruption. The SD-OCT gave prevalence as 2.4%.ConclusionSD-OCT alone can underdiagnose burden of Hydroxychloroquine maculopathy (prevalence = 2.4%) when compared to studies which use both SD-OCT and Visual field analysis (prevalence = 7.5%).