痛泻四神汤腹泻型肠易激综合征的胃肠激素水平变化及临床意义观察

目的:探究痛泻四神汤对腹泻型肠易激综合征胃肠激素水平的影响。方法:选取2017年2月至2018年6月西安市中医医院收治的腹泻型肠易激综合征患者124例作为研究对象,按照就诊顺序编号随机分为对照组和观察组,每组62例。对照组给予西医常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用痛泻四神汤加减治疗,均治疗2周。观察和比较2组治疗前后淋巴细胞指标CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+变化,观察并比较2组治疗前后胃肠激素指标血浆胃动素(MOT)、降钙素相关基因肽(CGRP)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、生长抑素(SS)、一氧化氮(NO)变化;观察并比较2组治疗前后在γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、神经肽Y(NPY)含量变化;观察并比较2组治疗前后临床症状腹痛、腹胀、肠鸣失气、急躁易怒、神疲乏力、纳呆食少症状评分变化;治疗过程中进行不良反应记录,治疗结束后进行统计。结果:1)2组患者治疗前CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后2组CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+较治疗前均显著上升,CD8^+显著下降(均P<0.05);治疗后观察组患者CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+显著高于对照组,CD8^+显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)2组治疗前MOT、CGRP、VIP、SS、NO比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后2组MOT、NO较治疗前显著升高,CGRP、VIP、SS显著下降(P<0.05);治疗后观察组CGRP、VIP、SS显著低于对照组,MOT、NO显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)2组治疗前IFN-γ、5-HT、NPY比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后2组IFN-γ、5-HT、NPY较治疗前均显著下降(P<0.05);治疗后观察组IFN-γ、5-HT、NPY显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。4)2组治疗前腹痛、腹胀、肠鸣失气、急躁易怒、神疲乏力、纳呆食少积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后2组以上各症状评分较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05);治疗后观察组以上各积分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。5)2组口干、头痛、皮疹、胃肠道反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:痛泻四神汤能改善腹泻型肠易激综合征胃肠激素水平,改善临床症状,提高机体免疫力,提高疗效。     

肺部立体定向放疗对外周血淋巴细胞的影响

背景与目的：靶向程序性死亡［蛋白］-1（programmed death-1，PD-1）/程序性死亡［蛋白］配体-1（programmed death ligand-1，PD-L1）的免疫检查点抑制剂已被批准用于多种恶性肿瘤的治疗，其治疗效应的发挥取决于T淋巴细胞的活化。放射治疗诱导的免疫原性细胞死亡可促进免疫反应，但同时辐射诱发的淋巴结细胞减少可能会降低免疫检查点抑制剂的效应。目前不同放疗技术、放疗部位、放疗范围对淋巴细胞的影响都尚不明确。探讨肺部立体定向放疗（stereotactic body radiotherapy，SBRT）的不同分割方式及剂量等参数对患者外周血淋巴细胞的影响。方法：回顾性分析2016—2018年间在郑州大学附属肿瘤医院接受肺部立体定向放疗的64例患者的相关临床资料。SBRT采用90％等剂量线覆盖计划靶体积（planning target volume，PTV），PTV为40~65 Gy，分割次数4~13次，生物等效剂量（biological equivalent dose，BED）为60~116 Gy，每天1次，每周照射最多5次。通过收集患者放疗前1周、放疗后1周、放疗后1个月和放疗后3个月的血常规数据，分析SBRT的各项参数与患者外周血绝对淋巴细胞计数变化的相关性。结果：外周血淋巴细胞计数在放疗后1周和1个月均出现不同程度的降低，在放疗后3个月基本恢复到放疗前水平。SBRT的各项参数中分割次数对淋巴细胞计数的影响较为突出，在放疗后1周和1个月，分割次数≤5次组的外周血淋巴细胞计数降低程度均显著小于分割次数＞5次组，分别为（1.68±0.63 vs 0.93±0.34，P=0.021）和（1.60±0.68 vs 0.95±0.41，P=0.004）。而不同分割剂量、总剂量、BED值在放疗前后各组对比淋巴细胞计数差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：SBRT治疗后1周和1个月，分割次数≤5次组的外周血淋巴细胞计数降低程度显著小于分割次数＞5次组，在SBRT结束后3个月淋巴细计数基本恢复到放疗前水平。     

Prognostic Inflammation Score in Surgical Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Several inflammatory markers have been investigated as prognostic parameters in a variety of cancer population with mostly favorable results. This study aimed to verify the significance of common inflammatory markers as prognostic variables and assess whether a selective combination of them as prognostic inflammation score (PIS) could further improve their prognostic values in surgical patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 265 patients who had undergone curative resection of CRC were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative levels of inflammatory markers such as serum C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell count (WBC), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were assessed by uni- and multivariate survival analysis with disease-free (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). PIS was constructed with a selective combination of inflammatory markers which were independently significant. On univariate analysis, CRP, ESR, and NLR were significantly associated with DFS and DSS. On multivariate analysis, CRP and NLR were independently significant prognostic variables for DSS and DFS respectively (P=0.013, P=0.021). When PIS was constructed with combination of CRP and NLR, it was independently and significantly associated with both DFS and DSS (P=0.006, P=0.010). Furthermore, PIS was superior to CRP for DSS (HR=15.679 vs. HR=5.183), and NLR for DFS in terms of prognosticating power (HR=4.894 vs. HR=2.687). When PIS is constructed with combination of CRP and NLR, it is a potentially significant prognostic variable associated with poor survival regardless pathologic prognostic variables in patients with CRC after curative resection.     

卒中相关性肺炎血清炎症因子和外周血淋巴细胞亚群的分析

目的 探讨卒中相关性肺炎（SAP）病人血清炎症因子白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6、IL-4、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的水平变化及其临床意义。方法 选取2016年3月至2017年3月收治的48例SAP，根据A2D2S2L评分分为低危（0~2分，14例）、中危（3~9分，15例）、高危（≥10分，19例）三组。入院后次日清晨取空腹静脉血，应用流式细胞仪测定外周血T淋巴细胞亚群（CD3+、CD4+、CD8+），应用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测血清炎症因子（IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-4）。结果 随着危险程度的增高，血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-4、TNF-α水平均明显增高（P<0.05），外周血CD3+和CD4+细胞百分比显著增高（P<0.05）。低危组CD4+/CD8+显著高于高危组和中危组（P<0.05），而后两组无统计学差异（P>0.05）；三组CD3+/CD8+均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论 血清炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-4以及T细胞淋巴亚群变化情况反映SAP病人的A2D2S2L评分，血清IL-1β、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α与A2D2S2L评分呈正相关，T细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+百分比与A2D2S2L评分呈负相关。     

TACE 术前天冬氨酸氨基转移酶与淋巴细胞比值对原发性肝癌并门脉癌栓患者预后预测的价值

目的 探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞（transcatheter arterial chemoembolization，TACE）术前天冬氨酸氨基转移酶与淋巴细胞比值（aspartate aminotransferase to lymphocyte ratio index，ALRI）在原发性肝癌并门脉癌栓（primary liver cancer-portal vein tumor thrombosis，PLC-PVTT）患者预后预测中的价值。方法 选取2013年11月21日至2018年8月22日于广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院接受TACE治疗的175例PLC-PVTT患者为研究对象。采用时间依赖性ROC曲线确定ALRI的最佳临界值。采用Cox 回归模型分析总生存期（overall survival，OS）的独立预测因素，Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率。结果 ROC曲线显示，ALRI的最佳临界值为49.37，对应曲线下面积为0.71。Kaplan-Meier分析显示，ALRI>49.37的患者OS较ALRI≤49.37的患者短（P=0.003）。Cox 回归分析结果显示，ALRI>49.37、行1次以上TACE治疗、Child-Pugh分级B级、凝血酶原时间≥13 s是患者TACE术后OS的独立危险因素（均P＜0.05）。结论 TACE术前ALRI>49.37是PLC-PVTT患者OS的独立危险因素。     

Effects of Long-time Exposure to Lipopolysaccharide on Intestinal Lymph Node Immune Cells and Antibodies Level in Mice

Background: Endotoxin, widely present in the living environment of humans and animals, leads to endotoxemia during a short period. However, the long-term effects of endotoxin on immune function are unclear. Objective: To determine the importance of long-term endotoxin treatment on function of immune system. Methods: The mice were treated with different doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for a month; the collected samples were then analyzed in terms of value changes in hematological parameters, lymphocyte subtypes, and immunoglobulins level. Results: The number of monocytes (MONO) and neutrophils (NEU) in the three treatment groups was significantly lower than the control after 30 days. However, the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes showed a rising trend in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and Peyer's patches (PPs) while the CD4+ T cell was reduced. At the same time, a decrease was observed in the percentage of CD19+CD38+ B lymphocytes. Interestingly, the change of lymphocytes in PPs was more significant than that in MLNs, suggesting that immune response in the PPs occurred before the MLNs. Consistent with the changes in B cells, the content of IgA and IgG showed a downward trend. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to low-dose endotoxin had little or no effect on the immune function of the body, suggesting that the endotoxin can be rapidly eliminated by the immune system. Nonetheless, the number of immune cells was reduced in the high-dose group. T- and B-lymphocytes were significantly reduced, resulting in a decrease in immunoglobulin level, and showing a significant immune suppression state.     

Evaluation of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio,lymphocytes, monocytes,and platelets in psoriasis

BackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease that is associated with cardiovascular comorbidities.ObjectivesThe objective of this retrospective study is to assess the C-reactive protein, monocyte-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio as inflammatory markers in patients with psoriasis and to search for a relationship between these parameters and psoriasis severity, as defined by the psoriasis area and severity index.MethodsThere were 94 patients with psoriasis and 118 healthy controls enrolled in the study. The C-reactive protein, monocyte-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio values of two groups were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed in terms of C-reactive protein, monocyte-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio between the patient and control groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.038, and p = 0.007, respectively). Positive correlations were found between the psoriasis area and severity index and the values of C-reactive protein, monocyte-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (r: 0.381; p < 0.01, r: 0.203; p < 0.05, r: 0.268; p < 0.01, r: 0.374; p < 0.01, r: 0.294; p < 0.01, respectively).Study limitationsThe small sample size and the retrospective design of the study are limitations.ConclusionElevated C-reactive protein, monocyte-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio were significantly associated with psoriasis. A positive correlation between C-reactive protein and monocyte-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio leads to the suggestion that monocyte-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio might be a reliable parameter in psoriasis during the follow-up. The relationship between the diasease and inflammatory parameters might provide early detection of cardiovascular morbidities in psoriasis patients.     

Leukocytosis,muscle damage and increased lymphocyte proliferative response after an adventure sprint race

The effect of an adventure sprint race (ASR) on T-cell proliferation, leukocyte count and muscle damage was evaluated. Seven young male runners completed an ASR in the region of Serra do Espinhaço, Brazil. The race induced a strong leukocytosis (6.22±2.04×10³ cells/mm³ before vs 14.81±3.53×10³ cells/mm³ after the race), marked by a significant increase of neutrophils and monocytes (P<0.05), but not total lymphocytes, CD3⁺CD4⁺ or CD3⁺CD8⁺ cells. However, the T-cell proliferative response to mitogenic stimulation was increased (P=0.025) after the race, which contradicted our hypothesis that ASR, as a high-demand competition, would inhibit T-cell proliferation. A positive correlation (P=0.03, r=0.79) was observed between the proliferative response of lymphocytes after the race and the time to complete the race, suggesting that the proliferative response was dependent on exercise intensity. Muscle damage was evident after the race by increased serum levels of aspartate amino transferase (24.99±8.30 vs 50.61±15.76 U/L, P=0.003). The results suggest that humoral factors and substances released by damaged muscle may be responsible for lymphocyte activation, which may be involved in muscle recovery and repair.     

前列通片促进免疫功能的实验研究

目的:探讨前列通片对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:1)脾淋巴细胞转化试验:将60只小鼠随机分为阴性对照组、阳性对照组、前列通片低、中、高剂量组,每组12只。灌胃给药,1次/d,连续给药30 d后各组动物无菌取脾,提取脾淋巴细胞进行脾淋巴细胞转化试验。2)NK细胞活性影响试验:将60只小鼠随机分为阴性对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组、前列通片低、中、高剂量组。除阴性对照组外,其余各组腹腔注射环磷酰胺建立免疫功能低下的小鼠模型。造模同时给药,连续给药30 d后,各组动物无菌取脾,提取脾淋巴细胞进行NK细胞活性影响试验。结果:1)与阴性对照组比较,前列通片高剂量组淋巴细胞转化能力显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2)与模型对照组比较,阳性对照组及前列通片高剂量组NK细胞活性显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在本实验条件下,前列通片能够提高机体淋巴细胞转化能力以及NK细胞的活性,具有一定的免疫促进作用。