造口护理辅助用品在大便失禁患者中的应用

目的观察造口护理辅助用品(皮肤保护膜、造口护肤粉、改良一件式造口袋)对大便失禁相关性皮炎(IAD)的防治效果。方法选择2017年3月-2018年2月本院神经外科大便失禁患者31例作为观察组,使用造口护理辅助用品进行护理;采用回顾性对照方法,将2016年3月-2017年2月本院神经外科具有同质性的大便失禁患者30例作为对照组,使用氧化锌软膏联合一次性护理垫。观察两组患者IAD的发生时间、发生率、严重程度及治疗有效率。结果观察组患者IAD发生时间明显长于对照组,Ⅰ度皮炎4例,无Ⅱ、Ⅲ度皮炎发生,对照组Ⅰ度皮炎10例,Ⅱ度3例、Ⅲ度1例,观察组IAD的发生率为12.90%,明显低于对照组46.67%,严重程度明显轻于对照组,IAD治疗有效率达100.00%,较对照组42.86%明显提高,两组比较,均P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论大便失禁患者使用造口护理辅助用品可预防或延缓IAD发生,减轻IAD严重程度,提高IAD治疗效果。     

Control of Porous Layer Thickness in Thermophoretic Deposition of Nanoparticles

The film thickness plays an important role in the performance of materials applicable to different technologies including chemical sensors, catalysis and/or energy materials. The relationship between the surface and volume of the functional layers is key to high performance evaluations. Here we demonstrate the thermophoretic deposition of different thicknesses of the functional layers designed using flame combustion of tin 2-ethylhexanoate dissolved in xylene, and measurement of thickness by scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam. The parameters such as spray fluid concentration (differing Sn²⁺ content), substrate-nozzle distance and time of the spray were considered to investigate the layer growth. The results showed ≈ 23, 124 and 161 μm thickness of the SnO₂ layer after flame spray of 0.1, 0.5 M and 1.0 M tin 2-EHA-Xylene solutions for 1200 s. While Sn²⁺ concentration was 0.5 M for all the flame sprays, the substrates placed at 250, 220 and 200 mm from the flame nozzle had layer thicknesses of 113, 116 and 132 µm, respectively. Spray time dependent thickness growth showed a linear increase from 8.5 to 152.1 µm when the substrates were flame sprayed for 30 s to 1200 s using 0.5 M tin 2-EHA-Xylene solutions. Changing the dispersion oxygen flow (3–7 L/min) had almost no effect on layer thickness. Layers fabricated were compared to a model found in literature, which seems to describe the thickness well in the domain of varied parameters. It turned out that primary particle size deposited on the substrate can be tuned without altering the layer thickness and with little effect on porosity. Applications depending on porosity, such as catalysis or gas sensing, can benefit from tuning the layer thickness and primary particle size.     

星点设计-效应面法优化pH值响应及线粒体靶向双功能金丝桃苷脂质体的处方及其体外评价

目的 优化线粒体靶向金丝桃苷脂质体（DLD/Hyp-Lip）制备的最佳处方，并研究研究其在胎牛血清中的稳定性及体外释放行为，考察其线粒体靶向性。方法 采用薄膜分散法制备DLD/Hyp-Lip，以包封率和载药量为考察指标进行单因素实验，考察磷脂总量与金丝桃苷（hyperoside，Hyp）用量比、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇（DSPE-PEG）与DLD用量比等条件对DLD/Hyp-Lip的影响，结合星点设计-效应面法优化DLD/Hyp-Lip处方。使用透射电子显微镜和粒径仪观察测定脂质体粒子外观、平均粒径和Zeta电位，采用血清稳定性实验和体外释药、线粒体靶向性对该载药系统进行评价。结果 DLD/Hyp-Lip最佳处方为磷脂总量和金丝桃苷用量比为12.50：1，磷脂总量与胆固醇用量比为6.00：1，DSPE-PEG与DLD用量比为3：5；测得金丝桃苷包封率为（95.57±0.56）%，载药量为（8.55±0.57）%。所制备的DLD/Hyp-Lip外观良好，平均粒径为（124.9±3.4）nm，Zeta电位为（-6.2±1.9）mV；在胎牛血清中性状稳定，在体外释放介质中24 h累积释放量达到40%。线粒体靶向实验表明DLD/Hyp-Lip可以促进药物聚集在线粒体部位。结论 采用此方法能够精准有效的优化DLD/Hyp-Lip的制备工艺，该方法操作简单方便，可以用于DLD/Hyp-Lip制备与处方的优化，制备的DLD/Hyp-Lip包封率高，粒径小，分布均匀，且具有良好的缓释作用，为DLD/Hyp-Lip的进一步体内研究奠定了基础。载金丝桃苷的DLD/Hyp-Lip具有良好的肝癌细胞线粒体靶向性，是一种潜在高效的肝癌细胞线粒体靶向给药系统。     

3D打印头膜固定技术在头部肿瘤放疗的应用研究

目的 为头部放疗患者定制个体化3D打印头膜,通过与热塑头膜对比,评价其材质的物理特性及该技术的摆位精准度。方法 分别将3D打印头膜和热塑头膜置于固体水表面,通过电离室和胶片测量深度5cm处和表面剂量来进行剂量学评估。选取30例头部放疗患者随机分为对照组和试验组,分别采用热塑头膜和3D打印头膜进行固定,通过CBCT获取患者X、Y、Z方向的平移和旋转摆位误差来进行临床摆位误差评估。结果 深度5cm处两种材质对射线衰减率均<1%。表面位置热塑头膜剂量升高27%,3D打印头膜升高18%。两组患者各取116组摆位误差数据,对照组和试验组X、Y、Z方向平均平移误差分别为1.29mm和1.16mm、1.42mm和1.24mm、1.38mm和1.16mm;平均旋转摆位误差分别为1.29°和1.08°、1.02°和0.96°、1.01°和1.00°。与对照组相比,试验组患者在Y、Z方向平移摆位误差和X方向旋转摆位误差不同(P<0.05),其他方向相近(P>0.05)。结论 3D打印头膜体位固定技术符合现代放疗的精准摆位要求,具有较高的临床实用价值,可用于进一步临床研究。     

载As2O3 pH敏感钙砷复合物脂质体的制备及体外评价

目的 制备pH敏感释药的As₂O₃脂质体，并进行体外评价。方法 采用薄膜分散法制备含钙离子脂质体，然后用离子沉淀法孵育制备钙砷复合物脂质体（CaAs-LP）。测定CaAs-LP的粒径、Zeta电位及多分散系数（PDI）；透射电子显微镜观察脂质体的形态；电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定纳米药物的载药量与包封率；透析袋法考察其体外释药特性。噻唑蓝（MTT）法考察未载药脂质体及CaAs-LP对人源性乳腺癌MCF-7细胞、人源性脑胶质瘤U87细胞和人源性肝癌HepG2细胞的毒性；共聚焦显微镜考察U87细胞对CaAs-LP的摄取效率。结果 制备的CaAs-LP呈规整类球型，粒径约为（117.16±1.94）nm，包封率和载药量分别为（74.31±2.11）%、（8.31±0.13）%。体外释放研究表明，CaAs-LP具有明显的缓释以及pH响应释药特征。未载药的脂质体在MCF-7、U87、HepG2和L02细胞中的生物相容性良好；CaAs-LP抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用较原药有所上升，半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）值分别为11.91、4.90、19.41、27.59 μmol/L。细胞摄取研究表明肝癌细胞对脂质体具有良好的摄取。结论 CaAs-LP具备显著的缓释以及pH响应释药的特性，在肿瘤治疗方面具有较好的应用前景。     

影像云远程医疗平台信息化建设与应用

从架构、服务内容等方面阐述安徽省影像云远程医疗平台信息化建设，介绍平台应用情况，指出该平台能够实现全省所有影像数据互联互通、报告互认，有助于提升医学影像综合服务能力。     

SMILE术中第二术眼不同保护措施泪膜稳定性的对比研究

目的通过应用Keratograph 5M眼表综合分析仪对飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出手术(SMILE)术中第二术眼不同保护措施的首次泪膜破裂时间(NIKBUTf)和平均泪膜破裂时间(NIKBUTav)变化情况进行对比研究,观察不同保护措施对泪膜稳定性的影响。方法选取2019年6月至2019年11月在重庆眼视光眼科医院行SMILE手术的患者作为研究对象。患者左眼为观察眼,SMILE术中在右眼行手术时,左眼按照不同处理方法分为3组,分别给予小牛血去蛋白眼用凝胶点眼、使用眼罩,以及空白对照。并分别在右眼手术前后,使用Keratograph 5M眼表综合分析仪,完成左眼NIKBUTf和NIKBUTav检测,进行对比研究。采用SPSS 25.0进行统计学分析。结果共35例患者(35左眼)纳入研究,其中小牛血去蛋白眼用凝胶组12例,眼罩组11例,空白对照组12例。重复测量方差分析NIKBUTf和NIKBUTav均存在时间效应和分组效应,且时间与分组存在交互作用(P<0.05)。凝胶组左眼NIKBUTf在右眼手术前和右眼手术后即刻无统计学差异(P>0.05),凝胶组左眼NIKBUTav在右眼SMILE手术后即刻较右眼手术前延长(P<0.05)。眼罩组和对照组(空白)左眼NIKBUTf和NIKBUTav在右眼手术后即刻均缩短(P<0.05)。对照组NIKBUTf和NIKBUTav缩短最明显(P<0.05)。结论不同保护措施和时间变化均对NIKBUTf和NIKBUTav产生了影响,小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶应用于SMILE术中第二术眼的保护措施起到了保护泪膜稳定性的作用。眼罩对第二术眼的泪膜保护作用并不明显,常规手术操作对第二术眼无保护措施的情况下泪膜稳定性最差。     

Interactions of polar lipids with cholesteryl ester multilayers elucidate tear film lipid layer structure

PurposeThe tear film lipid layer (TFLL) covers the tear film, stabilizing it and providing a protective barrier against the environment. The TFLL is divided into polar and non-polar sublayers, but the interplay between lipid classes in these sublayers and the structure-function relationship of the TFLL remains poorly characterized. This study aims to provide insight into TFLL function by elucidating the interactions between polar and non-polar TFLL lipids at the molecular level.MethodsMixed films of polar O-acyl-ω-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFA) or phospholipids and non-polar cholesteryl esters (CE) were used as a model of the TFLL. The organization of the films was studied by using a combination of Brewster angle and fluorescence microscopy in a Langmuir trough system. In addition, the evaporation resistance of the lipid films was evaluated.ResultsPhospholipids and OAHFAs induced the formation of a stable multilamellar CE film. The formation of this film was driven by the interdigitation of acyl chains between the monolayer of polar lipids and the CE multilayer lamellae. Surprisingly, the multilayer structure was destabilized by both low and high concentrations of polar lipids. In addition, the CE multilayer was no more effective in resisting the evaporation of water than a polar lipid monolayer.ConclusionsFormation of multilamellar films by major tear film lipids suggest that the TFLL may have a similar structure. Moreover, in contrast to the current understanding, polar TFLL lipids may not mainly act by stabilizing the non-polar TFLL sublayer, but through a direct evaporation resistant effect.     

“The Tools of Your Chants and Spells”: Stories of Madwomen and Indian Practical Healing

ABSTRACT

A longstanding trope in Indian psychiatry, and in popular representations of it, involves the efficacy of incantations and exorcism in healing afflictions of the mind, notably hysteria. In many accounts, from nineteenth century medical journals to twenty-first century popular films, a medicine deemed at once ‘Western’ and universal is granted the ability to diagnose neurotic afflictions, but rendered incapable of curing them, while bodily techniques referred to as ‘Indian’ are granted efficacy. In this article, I explore the subtleties and implications of this recurrent knowledge paradigm. I argue that a particular arrangement—one in which difference is established through equivalence—undergirds the terms by which medicine comes to be viewed as a cultural encounter. As these progressive formulations are often founded on stories about women’s madness, I ask, what are the implications of an arguably pragmatic ethos founded on an uneven—and deeply gendered—resolution to postcolonial knowledge problems?