腹腔镜经脐单一部位幽门环肌切开术治疗小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的临床效果研究

目的研究腹腔镜经脐单一部位幽门环肌切开术治疗小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的临床效果。方法100例小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄患儿作为研究对象,按照随机方式分为观察组和对照组,每组50例。对照组采用腹腔镜幽门环肌切开术治疗,观察组采用腹腔镜经脐单一部位幽门环肌切开术治疗。观察记录患儿的手术结果及随访结果,并比较两组患儿手术时间、术后住院时间。结果手术过程顺利,100例患儿均成功完成手术,无一例中转开腹手术,无并发症发生。观察组患儿术后6 h将胃管取下,少量喂入温水后逐渐过渡到喂糖水、喂奶;对照组患儿术后24 h开始逐渐进食。患儿术后进行6个月的延续性随访,观察组患儿切口恢复美观,已经无法观察到切口瘢痕,两组患儿的生长发育均显示正常状态。观察组患儿手术时间(21.23±1.65)min及术后住院时间(5.58±1.98)d均显著短于对照组的(38.44±1.23)min、(9.67±1.22)d,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄患儿采用腹腔镜经脐单一部位幽门环肌切开术治疗,手术效果良好,手术创伤小而且安全。     

Which gastric cancer patients could benefit from staging laparoscopy? A GIRCG multicenter cohort study

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate which gastric cancer patients could benefit the most from staging laparoscopy.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out, including 316 (216 cM- and 100 cM+) gastric cancer patients who had undergone staging laparoscopy between 2010 and 2020 in seven GIRCG centers. A model including easily-accessible clinical, biochemical and pathological markers was constructed to predict the risk of carcinomatosis. ROC curve and decision curve analyses were used to verify its accuracy and net benefit.ResultsIn the cM-population staging laparoscopy could detect 67 cases who had peritoneal carcinomatosis or positive cytology, for a yield of 30.5%. In cM-patients, intestinal type tumors (0.25, 0.12–0.51; p = 0.002), cT4 tumors (2.18, 1.11–4.28; p = 0.023) and cancers of the lower third (0.31, 0.14–0.70; p = 0.004) were associated with the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis and/or positive cytology. The ROC curve analysis of the model including the three variables showed an AUC of 0.75 (0.68–0.81, p < 0.001). The decision curve analyses showed that the model had a higher net benefit than the treating all strategy between threshold probabilities of 15 and 50%.ConclusionsStaging laparoscopy is a useful tool to address the patient with gastric cancer to the most adequate treatment. In cM-patients the assessment of the location of the tumor, the Lauren's histotype and the cT status may help in providing additional elements in indicating or not the use of staging laparoscopy.     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术中应用盆腔腹膜关闭技术的疗效研究

目的:探讨盆腔腹膜关闭技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术应用的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年5月我院54例腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术中行盆底腹膜关闭患者和57例未行盆底腹膜关闭患者的临床资料。结果:盆腔腹膜关闭组与盆腔腹膜未关闭组在手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、术后进食时间以及盆腔引流管拔除时间等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。盆腔腹膜关闭组中8例患者发生短期并发症;6例患者发生中期并发症;14例患者发生远期并发症,均为肠梗阻。盆腔腹膜未关闭组中31例患者发生短期并发症,28例患者发生中期并发症,36例患者发生远期并发症。所有患者均治疗好转。Coxs回归模型分析提示,盆腔腹膜是否关闭是腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术患者术后生存的独立指标。结论:腹腔镜Miles术中行盆底腹膜关闭安全可行,具有临床实用价值。     

Staging laparoscopy in patients with advanced gastric cancer: A single center cohort study

BackgroundMost studies exploring the role of staging laparoscopy in gastric cancer are limited by low sample size and are predominantly conducted in Asian countries. This study sets out to determine the value of staging laparoscopy in patients with advanced gastric cancer in a Western population.MethodsAll patients with gastric cancer from a tertiary referral center without definite evidence of non-curable disease after initial staging, and who underwent staging laparoscopy between 2013 and 2020, were identified from a prospectively maintained database. The proportion of patients in whom metastases or locoregional non-resectability was detected during staging laparoscopy was established. Secondary outcomes included the avoidable surgery rate (detection of non-curable disease during gastrectomy with curative intent) and diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative and positive predictive value).ResultsA total of 216 patients were included. Staging laparoscopy revealed metastatic disease in 46 (21.3 %) patients and a non-resectable tumor in three (1.4 %) patients. During intended gastrectomy, non-curable disease was revealed in 13 (8.6 %) patients. Overall sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 76.6 %, 100 % and 92.6 %, respectively. The positive predictive value was 100 % and the negative predictive value was 90.3 %.ConclusionStaging laparoscopy is valuable in the staging process of gastric cancer with a high accuracy in detecting non-curable disease, thereby preventing futile treatment and its associated burden.     

后腹腔镜肾根治性切除术中肾标本取出方法的探索

目的探讨一次性切口保护套在后腹腔镜肾根治性切除术中的应用及标本取出效率。方法回顾性分析本院2018年12月至2019年6月接受后腹腔镜肾根治性切除术的37例肾癌患者的临床资料。根据手术后标本取出体外的方法分为观察组(18例)和对照组(19例),观察组使用一次性切口保护套,对照组则使用传统自制标本袋;观察比较两组患者标本的取出时间和置入次数等指标。结果观察组与对照组的标本取出时间分别为(225.94±47.04)、(508.84±45.81)s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组中有17例患者标本一次性顺利取出,1例因肿瘤较大,取出困难,经延长切口后顺利取出,所有标本完整均未破裂;对照组中有17例患者标本一次性顺利取出,另外2例患者经适当延长切口后取出,所有标本完整均未破裂。两组置入次数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访1年发现,所有患者均未出现癌细胞经手术切口种植转移的情况。结论在后腹腔镜肾根治性切除术中运用一次性切口保护套来辅助取标本,其手术时间短、操作简单,易上手,具有实用价值,值得临床推广应用。     

标准三步法在改善经腹入路腹腔镜肾癌根治术学习曲线中的应用

目的探讨标准化三步法操作流程在改善经腹入路腹腔镜肾癌根治学习曲线中的应用。 方法回顾性分析我院自2015年2月至2017年5月间由同一位医师实施的经腹入路腹腔镜肾癌根治术的60例患者病历资料，患者资料入院时间先后顺序整理，分实验组和对照组两组，每组选取患者30例，对照组时间范围为2015年2月至2016年7月，期间主刀医生未按照标准三步法手术流程操作，实验组时间范围为2016年8月至2017年5月，期间主刀医师均按照"标准化三步法"操作流程进行操作。 结果两组的年龄，体重，肿瘤侧别以及肿瘤大小比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。实验组手术时间为（100±27）min，低于对照组（117±33）min，两者比较差异有统计学意义（t=6.374，P<0.05），实验组手术出血量为（142±50）ml，显著低于对照组（201±75）ml，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01），实验组术后并发症发生率3.33%，对照组术后并发症发生率6.66%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），两者住院时间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。我们以手术时间为参照，描绘两组的学习曲线，发现实验组约15例达到平台期，对照组25例左右达到平台期，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论通过标准化三步法操作流程实施经腹腔入路肾癌根治术，能够减少手术时间，减少术中出血量，缩短手术的进程，改善手术的学习曲线。     

腹腔镜肝癌根治术的热点与未来发展

随着腹腔镜肝切除技术的发展与推广，腹腔镜肝切除中的一些难点，如术中出血的控制、解剖性肝切除、巨大肝癌切除、腹腔镜下联合肝脏分割与门静脉支结扎的二步肝切除术(ALPPS)等方面均基本解决。术中超声与荧光染色技术也得到普及。本文就上述问题做一概述，并对腹腔镜肝切除未来发展提出思路，以进一步推动我国腹腔镜肝切除的技术进步。     

腹腔镜扩大左半肝联合全尾叶切除术

1．肝门处预置肝门阻断带，必要时行肝门阻断控制出血；2.肝脏肿瘤压迫第一、二、三肝门及下腔静脉，紧贴肿瘤包膜处理各管道，采取左右结合、由浅入深的策略；3.优先离断肝实质，劈肝后分离出左侧肝蒂，以直线切割闭合器离断左侧肝蒂；4.肝实质内紧贴包块包膜离断肝实质；5.肝脏包块侵犯肝中静脉及右侧尾状叶，术中联合肝中静脉及全尾叶切除；6.术中避免损伤右侧肝蒂及右肝静脉；7.术中使用超声刀、Ligasure等能量器械断肝、止血；8.缝合技术在腹腔镜肝切除手术中具有重要作用。