氩氦刀的原理与应用中的优势和不足

氩氯刀是目前肿瘤治疗的新方法，其原理是通过组织细胞急冻急升温的方法实现的，比手术、化疗、放疗治疗方法简单，副作用小，费用低。但也存在冷冻后的问题，其适应证也受到限制。     

BiPAP ViSION 在慢性阻塞性肺疾病Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的应用和护理

目的 探讨经鼻(面)罩双水平气道内正压通气(BiPAP)ViSION型呼吸机对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者疗效及护理特点。方法 应用BiPAP ViSION型呼吸机对21例COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者采用鼻/面罩连接单向呼气活瓣行双水平气道正压通气,观察其通气前后动脉血气及临床表现变化。结果 通气治疗后19例患者动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)及氧饱和度(SaO_2)明显升高(P<0.01),二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)显著降低(P<0.05);肺性脑病症状消失,昏迷患者神志转清。2例病情恶化,其中1例改用有创通气后好转,1例拒绝有创通气死亡。结论BiPAP ViSION呼吸机治疗COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效较为肯定,正确的护理对提高其疗效和减少并发症至关重要。     

低温冰床对急性脑血管病的治疗作用

目的 探讨低温冰床对急性脑血管病（ACVD）的治疗作用。方法 自1999－2000年采用我国上海生产的低温冰床对272例ACVD患者实行低温治疗（33℃-34℃）,并与1997－1998年的ACVD病人作回顾性对比分析。结果 低温冰床治疗组脑梗死的显著进步率（48．87％）明显较对照组高（29．90％）P＜0．005,且治疗组总有效率80．33％高于对照组69．07％（P＜0．05）。采用低温冰床治疗组脑出血总有效率75．53％明显高于对照组55．17％（P＜0．005）,且显著进步率治疗组38．30％高于对照组24．14％（P＜0．05）。但无论是脑梗死或脑出血对照组与治疗组治愈率均无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。结论 采用低温冰床亚低温治疗能改善脑损伤的神经功能,降低ACVD病人的致残程度,且安全可靠,提高存活者的生存质量,但不能提高治愈率。     

Does the type of cryoprobe affect oncological and functional outcomes in men with clinically localized prostate cancer treated with primary whole gland prostate cryoablation?

Background:This study aimed to compare the oncological and functional outcomes of primary whole gland cryoablation of the prostate using the variable ice cryoprobe (V-Probe^®) and the conventional fixed-size ice probe.Materials and methods:We reviewed the Cryo On-Line Data Registry for men who were treated with primary whole gland prostate cryoablation from 2000 through 2017. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare timing to biochemical recurrence between the V-Probe^® and fixed-size ice probe after adjusting for preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA), neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy, preoperative Gleason score, and preoperative T stage.Results:A total of 1124 men were included. Median age, Gleason score, and pretreatment PSA were 70 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 65–74 years), 7 (IQR: 6–7) and 5.9 ng/mL (IQR: 4.6–8.1 ng/mL), respectively. The median follow-up time was 25.0 months (IQR: 11.2–48.6 months). V-Probes^® were used in 269 (23.9%) cases and fixed-size ice probes in 858 (76.1%) cases. After adjusting for clinical T stage, PSA, neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy and preoperative Gleason score, on the multivariate Cox regression model, we found that there was no significant difference between the type of probe and timing to biochemical recurrence (p = 0.35). On multivariate logistic regression, using the V-Probe^® was associated with a 91% increase in postoperative urinary retention compared to the fixed-size ice probe (p = 0.003).Conclusions:The use of the V-Probe^® versus conventional fixed-size ice probe was not associated with a difference in biochemical recurrence in patients undergoing primary cryoablation of the prostate.     

UV-B辐照培养下南极冰藻的形态和超微结构及主要生化组成的变化

对从南极水样中分离到的L-4单细胞绿藻(Chlorophyceae L-4)，模拟南极的紫外辐射环境．在人工UV-B辐照下培养绿藻L-4．以滤除UV-B培养的绿藻L-4为对照组。用电镜对绿藻L-4试验组和对照组的形态和超微结构进行观察比较。结果表明：试验组细胞内积累大量的淀粉颗粒，是对照组的10～20倍；脂肪颗粒是对照组的3～4倍；试验组的细胞膜和细胞壁之间充满大量的黑色颗粒物质，而对照组很少。此外，试验组的细胞普遍较对照组大，且细胞外粘附着大量的白色黏性物质。对绿藻L-4试验组和对照组的蛋白质、脂肪、糖、无机元素的总含量进行测定，结果表明．试验组的蛋白质含量低于对照组14．16％；脂肪含量高于对照组46．65％；可溶性总糖含量高于对照组66．34％；灰分和其它物质含量分别低于对照组38．83％和33．31％。UV—B辐照下南极冰藻的细胞超微结构和生化组成的变化，部分反映了南极冰藻在长期的进化过程中对南极强辐射环境的适应。本研究将为从南极冰藻中获取抗紫外辐射活性物质提供科学依据。     

口腔药冰含化在颈椎前路术后病人应用的效果

目的探讨口腔药冰（口冰）含化在颈椎前路术后对咽喉部肿痛的治疗效果.方法将60例颈椎前路术后病人分为口冰组和对照组,口冰组术后2 h开始口冰含化,每小时1次,每次1块,睡眠期间除外,连服24 h;对照组不含化口冰.结果两组疗效比较差异有显著性（H=26.7,P〈0.05）.结论颈椎前路术后口冰含化对于咽喉部肿痛有显著的疗效.     

VENLAFAXINE-INDUCED DEPRESSION OF WIND-UP ACTIVITY IN MONONEUROPATHIC RATS IS POTENTIATED BY INHIBITION OF BRAIN 5-HT1A RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN VIVO

Antinociceptive effects of inhibiting 5-HT1A receptor expression by intracerebroventricular administration of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide were studied in mononeuropathic rats. A 7-day period of treatment with the antisense produced: (i) reduction of mechanical hyperalgesia in the neuropathic hindlimb starting from day 5 of treatment, (ii) decrease of the hypothermic effect of 8-OH-DPAT challenge on day 6 of treatment, and (iii) potentiation of the inhibitory effect of velafaxine on spinal wind-up activity on day 7 of treatment. Results suggest a counteracting role of somatodendritic 5-HT1A receptors of raphe nuclei neurons in the antinociceptive efficacy of antidepressants with serotonergic spectrum in neuropathic pain     

Permeation of Light Gases through Hexagonal Ice

Gas separation using porous solids have attracted great attention due to their energetic applications. There is an enormous economic and environmental interest in the development of improved technologies for relevant processes, such as H₂ production, CO₂ separation or O₂ and N₂ purification from air. New materials are needed for achieving major improvements. Crystalline materials, displaying unidirectional and single-sized pores, preferentially with low pore tortuosity and high pore density, are promising candidates for membrane synthesis. Herein, we study hexagonal ice crystals as an example of this class of materials. By slowly growing ice crystals inside capillary tubes we were able to measure the permeation of several gas species through ice crystals and investigate its relation with both the size of the guest molecules and temperature of the crystal.     

Fetal and perinatal stem cells in cardiac regeneration: Moving forward to the paracrine era

Cardiovascular disease (CD) is a major burden for Western society. Regenerative medicine has provided encouraging results, yet it has not addressed the focal defects causing CD and mainly related to the inefficient repair programme of the heart. In this scenario, stem cells have been broadly investigated and their paracrine effect proposed as a possible working strategy to boost endogenous mechanisms of repair and regeneration from within the cardiac tissue.The scientific community is now focusing on identifying the most effective stem cell secretome, as the whole of bioactive factors and extracellular vesicles secreted by stem cells and endowed with regenerative potential. Indeed, the adult stem cell-paracrine potential for cardiac regeneration have been widely analyzed with positive outcome. Nevertheless, low yield, invasive sampling and controversial self-renewal may limit adult stem cell application. On the contrary, fetal and perinatal stem cells, which can be easily isolated from leftover sample via prenatal screening during gestation or as clinical waste material after birth, can offer an ideal alternative. These broadly multipotent immature progenitors share features with both adult and embryonic stem cells, show high self-renewal, but they are not tumorigenic neither cause any ethical concern. While fetal and perinatal stem cells demonstrated to improve cardiac function when injected in the injured heart, the comprehensive characterization of their secretome for future applications is still at its infancy.In this review, we will discuss the paracrine potential of the fetal and perinatal stem cell secretome to provide cardiac repair and resurge the dormant mechanisms of cardiac regeneration for future therapy.     

固定式眼科冰袋套的制作与应用

冰袋冷敷常规使用于眼科上睑下垂病人行额肌瓣悬吊术或眼险重建术后。一般手术后应持续使用48h,能有效预防术后上眼睑的水肿。目前使用的化学冰袋体积大,份量重,无法固定,特别是对于年龄较小且配合不佳的患儿,无法达到冷敷满意的效果。为此,我们研制了一款固定式眼科小冰袋,在临床上通过对30例患者的使用（其中成年人20例,儿童10例）,效果满意,现报告如下。