低血钾患者应用超声雾化吸入补钾的疗效观察

试用了人体经气道补钾的新途径，证实经气道补钾可有效提高血钾浓度，与静脉滴注无差异。由于经气道给入，使临床上早期呼吸肌麻痹能及时缓解。临床应用中无任何副作用     

合并骨质疏松且无低血镁的Gitelman综合征1例

目的 探讨Gitelman综合征（GS）合并重度骨质疏松的临床特点、诊断和治疗,加深对该病的认识。方法 2017年2月海南医学院第二附属医院内分泌科住院的GS合并重度骨质疏松且无低血镁1例,复习文献,总结该病特点。结果 该病主要表现为严重低钾血症、多处骨关节疼痛,易误诊。予积极补钾、抗醛固酮、抗骨质疏松治疗,有效缓解了病情。结论 GS虽然尿钙低,无低血镁,但也可以合并骨质疏松。因此,对存在多关节疼痛的GS病人,应及时进行双能X线骨密度检查早期筛查骨质疏松。对于此类病人,积极给予补钾、抗醛固酮及抗骨质疏松治疗可提高疗效。     

Parto con analgesia epidural en una gestante con parálisis periódica hipocaliémica

Familial hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (FHPP) is an uncommon genetic disease characterized by muscle weakness associated with hypokalaemia. Episodes are precipitated by drugs, stress, metabolic diseases, hypothermia or infection. We report the case of a 38-year-old pregnant women with FHPP who underwent epidural analgesia for labour. Pregnant women with FHPP require multidisciplinary management involving an anaesthesiologist, a gynaecologist and a paediatrician. It is important to maintain normothermia, prevent hyperventilation, monitor electrolytes, avoid glucose infusions and medications that cause hypokalaemia, and administer potassium supplements when required. Locoregional techniques should be preferred over general anaesthesia. Early epidural analgesia reduces the risk of pain that could trigger an episode of FHPP. In the case of general anaesthesia, drugs that can cause malignant hyperthermia should be avoided, and short-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers with blockade-depth monitoring should be used.     

内分泌疾病伴低血钾临床分析

目的分析内分泌疾病致低血钾、血钾浓度与临床表现、心电图变化的相关性,并观察补钾治疗后血钾和心电图恢复情况.方法观察42例内分泌疾病引起低血钾临床表现的患者血钾浓度与心电图变化的关系,其中24例全程跟踪补钾治疗中及治疗后的临床表现、血清钾浓度和心电图变化.结果42例低血钾患者临床表现为乏力(以双下肢为重)、心悸、胸闷,严重低血钾者表现为四肢软瘫及肌肉酸痛.血钾浓度为(2.60±0.55)mmol/L,心电图低血钾改变与血清钾生化测定符合率为88.2%,血清钾＜2.5 mmol/L时,两者符合率为100%.11例原发性醛固酮增多症患者入院时血钾(2.54±0.6)mmol/L;补钾治疗40h后血钾(3.35±0.44)mmol/L,血钾浓度、临床表现及心电图恢复正常时间较长.8例糖尿病酮症酸中毒或糖尿病合并高血压患者入院时血钾(2.58±0.42)mmol/L;补钾治疗40 h后血钾(3.72±0.17)mmol/L,血清钾浓度、临床表现及心电图恢复正常所需时间也较长.5例甲亢周期性麻痹患者入院时血钾最低,为(1.75±0.60)mmol/L;补钾治疗15 h后血钾(3.55±0.53)mmol/L,血清钾浓度、临床表现及心电图恢复正常需要的时间较原发性醛固酮增多症组或糖尿病酮症酸中毒组短.结论低血钾的临床表现、与血清钾浓度以及心电图改变之间没有明显相关性.临床表现除与低钾血症的严重程度有关外,还与低钾血症发生的急缓有关.心电图能较好地反映低血钾的严重程度.内分泌疾病所致低血钾因病因不同而出现不同程度的临床表现及心电图变化,且经补钾治疗后恢复正常所需时间也不同.补钾需补至血清钾浓度和心电图恢复正常为止.     

Clinical and biochemical spectrum of hypokalemic paralysis in North: East India

Background:

Acute hypokalemic paralysis, characterized by acute flaccid paralysis is primarily a calcium channelopathy, but secondary causes like renal tubular acidosis (RTA), thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP), primary hyperaldosteronism, Gitelman’s syndrome are also frequent.

Objective:

To study the etiology, varied presentations, and outcome after therapy of patients with hypokalemic paralysis.

Materials And Methods:

All patients who presented with acute flaccid paralysis with hypokalemia from October 2009 to September 2011 were included in the study. A detailed physical examination and laboratory tests including serum electrolytes, serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), urine analysis, arterial blood gas analysis, thyroid hormones estimation, and electrocardiogram were carried out. Patients were further investigated for any secondary causes and treated with potassium supplementation.

Result:

The study included 56 patients aged 15-92 years (mean 36.76 ± 13.72), including 15 female patients. Twenty-four patients had hypokalemic paralysis due to secondary cause, which included 4 with distal RTA, 4 with Gitelman syndrome, 3 with TPP, 2 each with hypothyroidism, gastroenteritis, and Liddle’s syndrome, 1 primary hyperaldosteronism, 3 with alcoholism, and 1 with dengue fever. Two female patients were antinuclear antibody-positive. Eleven patient had atypical presentation (neck muscle weakness in 4, bladder involvement in 3, 1 each with finger drop and foot drop, tetany in 1, and calf hypertrophy in 1), and 2 patient had respiratory paralysis. Five patients had positive family history of similar illness. All patients improved dramatically with potassium supplementation.

Conclusion:

A high percentage (42.9%) of secondary cause for hypokalemic paralysis warrants that the underlying cause must be adequately addressed to prevent the persistence or recurrence of paralysis.     

一例嗜血细胞综合征合并低钾血症患者的护理

正嗜血细胞综合征是由于各种原因引起的组织细胞增多,并活跃吞噬各种血细胞的反应性疾病~[1]。该病患病率较低、起病凶险、进展急剧、病死率高、预后较差。2014年5月,我科收治1例嗜血细胞综合征患者,经积极治疗与护理,效果满意。现报告如下。1病例介绍患者,男,46岁,因"乏力、反复高热伴三系减少3+个月"入院,入院诊断:嗜血细胞综合征、肺部真菌感染。入院查体:T:38.0℃,P:100次/min,R:20