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1.
Thomas Behrens  Calvin Ge  Roel Vermeulen  Benjamin Kendzia  Ann Olsson  Joachim Schüz  Hans Kromhout  Beate Pesch  Susan Peters  Lützen Portengen  Per Gustavsson  Dario Mirabelli  Pascal Guénel  Danièle Luce  Dario Consonni  Neil E. Caporaso  Maria Teresa Landi  John K. Field  Stefan Karrasch  Heinz-Erich Wichmann  Jack Siemiatycki  Marie-Elise Parent  Lorenzo Richiardi  Lorenzo Simonato  Karl-Heinz Jöckel  Wolfgang Ahrens  Hermann Pohlabeln  Guillermo Fernández-Tardón  David Zaridze  John R. McLaughlin  Paul A. Demers  Beata Świątkowska  Jolanta Lissowska  Tamás Pándics  Eleonora Fabianova  Dana Mates  Vladimir Bencko  Lenka Foretova  Vladimír Janout  Paolo Boffetta  Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita  Francesco Forastiere  Kurt Straif  Thomas Brüning 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2023,152(4):645-660
There is limited evidence regarding the exposure-effect relationship between lung-cancer risk and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) or nickel. We estimated lung-cancer risks in relation to quantitative indices of occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and nickel and their interaction with smoking habits. We pooled 14 case-control studies from Europe and Canada, including 16 901 lung-cancer cases and 20 965 control subjects. A measurement-based job-exposure-matrix estimated job-year-region specific exposure levels to Cr(VI) and nickel, which were linked to the subjects' occupational histories. Odds ratios (OR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for study, age group, smoking habits and exposure to other occupational lung carcinogens. Due to their high correlation, we refrained from mutually adjusting for Cr(VI) and nickel independently. In men, ORs for the highest quartile of cumulative exposure to CR(VI) were 1.32 (95% CI 1.19-1.47) and 1.29 (95% CI 1.15-1.45) in relation to nickel. Analogous results among women were: 1.04 (95% CI 0.48-2.24) and 1.29 (95% CI 0.60-2.86), respectively. In men, excess lung-cancer risks due to occupational Cr(VI) and nickel exposure were also observed in each stratum of never, former and current smokers. Joint effects of Cr(VI) and nickel with smoking were in general greater than additive, but not different from multiplicative. In summary, relatively low cumulative levels of occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and nickel were associated with increased ORs for lung cancer, particularly in men. However, we cannot rule out a combined classical measurement and Berkson-type of error structure, which may cause differential bias of risk estimates.  相似文献   
2.
ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics of persistent geotropic and apogeotropic positional nystagmus of LC-BPPV in view of light and heavy cupula discussion.Material and methodThe study group includes 184 patients with LC BPPV (98 apogeotropic, 86 geotropic type) who have been examined between 2009 and 2020. Ninety-nine females and 85 males, aged between 16 and 92 years were included (Ageotropic 49.32 ± 14.12, geotropic 44.49 ± 13.90 years). Average slow phase velocity (SPV) of positional nystagmus was documented and those with persistent direction-changing positional nystagmus lasting more than a minute were grouped separately. Age, gender difference, side of involvement, and recurrence pattern were particularly reviewed. Chi-square and One way ANOVA tests were used to compare the difference between groups. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsThirty-seven patients with apogeotropic nystagmus (30.7%; 37/98) and 18 patients with geotropic nystagmus (20.9%; 18/86) had persistent nystagmus (p ?0.05). Comparison of slow phase velocity (SPV) of persistent and non-persistent geotropic and apogeotropic positional nystagmus of the affected side was significant (p ?0.05). Comparison of average age, male to female ratio, side of involvement, and the recurrence rate in patients with persistent and non-persistent geotropic and apogeotropic type positional nystagmus groups were not significant (p = 0.177, p = 0.521, p = 0.891, p = 0.702).ConclusionPersistent geotropic and apogeotropic positional nystagmus is mostly correlated with the size, amount, and position of otoconial debris. It is difficult to justify the light cupula as a new geotropic variant of cupular pathology. Patients with persistent positional nystagmus present similar therapeutic outcomes and recurrence rates.  相似文献   
3.
目的:探讨大负荷运动后大鼠骨骼肌时钟基因Bmal1节律振荡变化及其对线粒体结构功能的调控作用。方法:将156只成年SD大鼠随机分为对照组和运动组,运动组予以一次大负荷运动训练。每6 h取各组大鼠腓肠肌,使用RT-qPCR检测各时相时钟基因Bmal1的mRNA水平,并用余弦分析软件CircaCompare(R Packages)获取拟合余弦曲线参数,分析时钟基因Bmal1的mRNA表达节律性振荡情况,透射电镜下观察每周期始末(ZT0、ZT24、ZT48和ZT72)骨骼肌线粒体的形态学变化,Western blot检测Bmal1和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α(peroxisome proliferator activated receptorγcoactivator-1α,PGC-1α)的蛋白表达,ELISA测定ATP和ADP含量,以及线粒体氧化呼吸链酶细胞色素C氧化酶复合物亚单位Ⅱ(subunitsⅡof cytochrome C oxidase complex,COXⅡ)和COXⅣ的活性。结果:运动组Bmal1的mRNA表达在ZT0~ZT24时节律出现紊乱(P>0.05),ZT24~ZT48和ZT48~ZT72时节律恢复(P<0.05)。大负荷运动后运动组线粒体形态于ZT0出现肿胀、嵴结构损伤等异常,于ZT24和ZT48时有所恢复,ZT72时损伤基本消失。与对照组相比,运动组Bmal1、PGC-1α的蛋白表达于ZT0时显著升高(P<0.05),ATP和ADP含量分别于ZT0时显著下降和升高(P<0.05),COXⅡ和COXⅣ活性于ZT0时显著升高和下降(P<0.05),在ZT24时二者活性下降至最低(P<0.05)。结论:大负荷运动可诱发骨骼肌时钟基因Bmal1的节律紊乱,可能参与调控了线粒体的结构功能异常。  相似文献   
4.
王蓉  刘盼  任兴权  周丽  赵俊 《现代预防医学》2022,(14):2646-2651
目的 了解酒泉市戈壁设施种植的番茄、葫芦、黄瓜、辣椒、豆角中铅、砷、汞、镉的污染状况,评估人体摄入后的健康风险。方法 利用国家标准检验方法,在酒泉市总寨和东洞戈壁农业产业园区采集检测274份主栽蔬菜中铅、砷、汞、镉含量,结合单因子污染指数和内梅罗污染指数法对蔬菜受重金属污染的程度进行评价,利用靶标污染系数法对蔬菜中重金属对人体的健康风险进行评估。结果 274份蔬菜中铅、砷、汞和镉的含量范围分别为0~0.050 1 mg/kg、0~0.053 8 mg/kg、0~0.001 0 mg/kg和0~0.048 8 mg/kg,平均含量分别为0.010 3、0.010 3、0.000 2和0.008 7 mg/kg,均未超出国家标准规定的食品中污染物限量。5种蔬菜中4种重金属的污染指数均低于0.7,靶标危害系数均小于1。结论 酒泉市总寨和东洞戈壁农业产业园区主栽的5种蔬菜受铅、砷、汞、镉污染程度较轻,属于清洁水平,处于安全级别,膳食摄入风险较低。对比其它地区蔬菜,酒泉戈壁设施蔬菜中重金属含量总体不高,与有机设施蔬菜基地结果接近。  相似文献   
5.
目的:测定冰黄肤乐软膏中无机元素的含量,提出重金属元素的限量标准,为冰黄肤乐软膏的质量标准的完善和中医临床用药安全提供参考。方法:通过采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法对冰黄肤乐软膏的无机元素进行测定和分析。结果:建立了冰黄肤乐软膏中24种无机元素的含量测定方法,精密度、稳定性、重复性、加样回收实验结果均符合药典相关规定。结论:建立的冰黄肤乐软膏无机元素检测方法可行,为冰黄肤乐软膏的质量标准的完善和临床用药安全提供参考。  相似文献   
6.
ABSTRACT

This study reports on the characteristics, sources, and health risks of atmospheric PM10-bound heavy metals (HMs) on citizenship living in different regions of Ahvaz, Southwest of Iran were investigated during 2016–2017. A total of 84 samples were analyzed from different regions: (S1) industrial, (S2) high traffic, and (S3) residential. Blood samples were collected from people who came to the east health center of Ahvaz. High volume air samplers, equipped with quartz fiber filters (8?×?10) were utilized for sampling in this study. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was also used for HMs. Risk assessment and hazard index of these pollutants were estimated, using USEPA’s exposure parameters. Based on the results, the highest and the lowest concentration of HM were observed in industrial and residential areas. Blood’s HMs concentration for chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were 2.932, 4.199, 8.425, and 71.2?μg/dL, respectively. In conclusion, increasing exposure concentration of HMs would have a significant potential for increased cancer and risk of diseases. The results of this study show that increasing exposure concentration to HM in the studied scenarios have a significant potential for generating different health endpoints, although exposing to HMs led to generating diseases in individuals particularly in polluted and populated districts; so, environmental measures should be considered by urban air authorities to mitigate the concentration of these pollutants in ambient air.  相似文献   
7.
碳离子放射治疗(carbon ion radiotherapy,CIRT)属于高线性能量传递(higher linear energy transfer,LET)射线。碳离子射线不但具有适合肿瘤放射治疗的物理剂量分布特征(Bragg峰),而且主要通过导致肿瘤细胞DNA的双链断裂杀灭肿瘤细胞,因此较光子射线具更强的生物学效应,对肿瘤细胞具有更强的杀灭作用。化疗药物与光子放射治疗的联合治疗是目前广泛应用于肿瘤治疗的策略。化疗与放疗的同期应用主要基于其增敏作用。然而,化疗药物是否能增敏碳离子放疗的抗肿瘤效应而不仅仅是叠加效应,目前尚未明确。本文将基于对基础生物学研究(包括细胞学实验及动物实验)到临床研究结果的分析,详细阐述肿瘤碳离子放疗与化疗药物联合治疗的生物学效应。  相似文献   
8.
目的 了解海南部分沿海区域甲壳类海产品中重金属的污染状况。方法 分别在2015、2017和2019年从昌江县、文昌市、儋州市和万宁市农贸市场和超市等随机采集6种甲壳类样本共245份,选择电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对样本中镉、铅、砷、汞的含量进行分析,采用单因子污染指数(Pi)和内梅罗综合污染指数(P综)法来评价重金属的污染程度。结果 2015、2017和2019年虾类和蟹类样本中四种重金属含量均呈现上升趋势;2019年虾类和蟹类镉均处于重度污染,铅、无机砷和甲基汞均处于安全水平;虾类中四种重金属综合污染指数达到轻度污染,蟹类中四种重金属综合污染指数达到重度污染水平;2019年甲壳类海产品中四种重金属超标率由高到低顺序为镉、铅、无机砷和甲基汞:57.1%>10.0%>2.9%>0.0%;其中,三点蟹和富贵虾中镉均值分别为2.151 mg/kg和0.797 mg/kg,超标率分别为80.0%和62.5%;昌江县和万宁市甲壳类海产品中镉超标率分别为83.3%和70.6%。结论 近几年海南部分沿海区域六种甲壳类海产品中镉、铅、无机砷和甲基汞含量总体均呈现上升趋势;三点蟹和富贵虾中镉超标严重,昌江和万宁地区甲壳类中镉污染较高,应加以关注并加强监管力度。  相似文献   
9.
Oxidative stress and inflammation are two possible mechanisms related to nephrotoxicity caused by environmental pollutants. Ellagic acid, a powerful antioxidant phytochemical, may have great relevance in mitigating pollutant-induced nephrotoxicity and preventing the progression of kidney disease. This review discusses the latest findings on the protective effects of ellagic acid, its metabolic derivatives, the urolithins, against kidney toxicity caused by heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and organic air pollutants. We describe the chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antiautophagic, and antiapoptotic properties of ellagic acid to attenuate nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, we present the molecular targets and signaling pathways that are regulated by these antioxidants, and suggest some others that should be explored. Nevertheless, the number of reports is still limited to establish the efficacy of ellagic acid against kidney damage induced by environmental pollutants. Therefore, additional preclinical studies on this topic are required, as well as the development of well-designed clinical trials.  相似文献   
10.
ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of inertial flywheel and heavy slow resistance training in reducing pain and improving function in patellar tendinopathy.DesignRandomised clinical trial.MethodsFourty two participants (1 woman, 41 men) with longstanding (>3 months) patellar tendinopathy were randomised into inertial flywheel resistance (N = 21) or heavy slow resistance (N = 21) group. Both programmes consisted of three supervised inertial flywheel or heavy slow resistance exercise sessions per week in a fitness center during 12 weeks. Primary outcome was pain and function, assessed by the Spanish Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment for Patella (VISA-P) score at 6 and 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were activity limitation using Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), health status (EuroQol-5D), patient impression of change on pain and function, adherence, adverse events, pain provocation test for the patellar tendon (numerical rating score of pain between 0 and 10), physical test, patellar tendon thickness and doppler signal on ultrasound. Secondary outcomes were taken at 0 and 12 weeks.ResultsBoth groups showed significant improvements in VISA-P scores from 0 to 12 weeks but there was not statistically significant between-group difference (P = 0.506). No adverse events or side effects occurred in any of the groups during the intervention period.ConclusionsInertial flywheel resistance three times a week during 12 weeks resulted in similar pain and function benefit at 12 weeks compared with the heavy slow resistance training among people with patellar tendinopathy. Flywheel training is another exercise option for managing people with patellar tendinopathy.ClinicalTrials.gov RegistryNCT03917849.  相似文献   
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