Importancia de algunos aspectos técnicos del procedimiento de estimulación percutánea del nervio tibial posterior en pacientes con incontinencia fecal

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Fecal microbiota transplantation to eradicate vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization in case of an outbreak

Objective

A rapid and worrying emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) gut colonization is occurring worldwide and may be responsible for outbreaks, especially in healthcare facilities. While no efficient decolonization strategies are recommended, we assessed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to eradicate VRE colonization.

反复粪便培养金黄色葡萄球菌阳性老年患者口服万古霉素效果评价

目的 通过探讨肠道非急性感染期反复粪便培养金黄色葡萄球菌阳性的老年患者口服万古霉素的效果，为此类患者提供一种潜在的治疗方案。方法 前瞻性分析吉林大学第一医院干部病房2015 年9 月～2018 年12 月收治的186 例肠道非急性感染期反复粪便培养金黄色葡萄球菌阳性的老年患者。根据是否口服万古霉素治疗分为万古组和对照组。收集两组患者的一般临床资料，比较两组患者试验前后万古霉素血药浓度、血常规、降钙素原（PCT）、C 反应蛋白（CRP），试验期间粪便培养结果、体温、抗生素使用情况。结果 试验治疗期间，万古组便培养转阴率高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；万古组发热率（29.75%）低于对照组的34.77%，差异有高度统计学意义（P＜0.01）；万古组抗生素使用率（4.49%）低于对照组的19.23%，差异有高度统计学意义（P＜0.01）。试验前两组白细胞、中性粒细胞计数、中性粒细胞比例、PCT、CRP 比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；试验后万古组白细胞、中性粒细胞计数、中性粒细胞比例、CRP 低于对照组，差异有高度统计学意义（P＜0.01）。试验后万古组白细胞、中性粒细胞计数、中性粒细胞比例、CRP 低于试验前，差异有高度统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论 口服万古霉素可能提高肠道非急性感染期反复粪便培养金黄色葡萄球菌阳性的老年患者粪便转阴率，减少发热及抗生素的应用，降低炎症细胞水平，可能是此类患者一种潜在的临床治疗方案。     

Treatment of fecal incontinence by temporary sacral nerve stimulation

Summary BACKGROUND: Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is an option for the treatment of fecal incontinence in patients with morphologically intact, but weak external anal sphincter. METHODS: In ten patients a percutaneous test-SNS was performed. Two patients suffered from fecal incontinence after surgery, one patient after incomplete leg palsy after traumatic spine injury and seven patients from idiopathic incontinence. Incontinence score, anorectal manometry and patient diary were performed before and after test-SNS. RESULTS: Intraoperative response (Bellows action) could be achieved in 90% of patients. Test-SNS was successful in 50% of patients. In these patients, resting pressure was increased by 100.1% and squeeze pressure by 84.5%. CONCLUSIONS: SNS is an effective therapy in a subset of patients with fecal incontinence. Fifty percent of patients tested are eligible for implantation of a permanent stimulation device.      

Diagnostic Validity of Fecal Occult Blood Tests for Detecting Gastroenterological Cancers

In order to estimate the diagnostic validity of chemical fecal occult blood tests, i.e. orthotolidine (Shionogi A) and guajac (Shionogi B) slides for detecting cancers of the esophagus, stomach and colorectum, the authors followed up all the examinees (n=3,449) of comprehensive medical check-ups at the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, by means of record linkage to the Osaka Cancer Registry's files. Then, diagnostic validity was calculated based on the results of two years' follow-up. Sensitivity for the respective cancers was 20.0%, 11.8% and 62.5% for Shionogi A, and 20.0%, 5.9% and 43.8% for Shionogi B slides. Likelihood ratio for the respective cancers was 1.4, 0.8 and 4.5 for Shionogi A, and 3.3, 1.0 and 7.5 for Shionogi B. Specificity was analogous among the three cancer sites, being 86% for Shionogi A and 94% for Shionogi B. These results suggest that the diagnostic validity of chemical occult blood tests for detecting cancers of the esophagus and the stomach is very poor, and therefore imply that close examinations of these sites for screening positives is unnecessary in mass screenings for colorectal cancer.     

Biofeedback in colorectal practice

PURPOSE: Biofeedback treatment is often offered to patients in colorectal centers; however, standards of treatment are still lacking. A dedicated team approach is desirable but difficult to coordinate. We present our three-year experience of electromyographic-based biofeedback treatment offered within a multicenter, statewide organization. METHODS: Between October 1992 and October 1995, 188 patients completed a biofeedback treatment program in one of five coordinated centers within a 200-mile radius. A unified common database was established and continuously updated. A colorectal surgeon served as statewide director, and dedicated teams were established at each location. Each local team included the medical director and a certified biofeedback therapist and had access to a dietitian and a nurse data coordinator. Electromyographic-based biofeedback sessions were given weekly, and a home trainer program was established. RESULTS: A total of 116 patients with chronic constipation had a mean of eight (range, 2–14) weekly sessions. A total of 72 patients with fecal incontinence had a mean of seven (range, 2–11) weekly sessions. A total of 84 percent of the constipated and 85 percent of the incontinent patients had significant improvement with biofeedback treatment. Patient compliance and satisfaction were high. Constipated patients increased the mean number of weekly unassisted bowel movements from 0.8 to 6.5. Incontinent patients decreased the mean number of weekly gross incontinence episodes from 11.8 to 2. CONCLUSIONS: Biofeedback treatment can be extremely successful in both incontinent and constipated patients. A large geographic area can be covered with coordinated centers in which each dedicated team uses a unified treatment protocol, and a common database is established.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Seattle, Washington, June 9 to 14, 1996.     

Fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection in Taiwan: Establishment and implementation

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remains a major public health issue, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has become one of the standard therapies for recurrent or refractory CDI. When compared to medical therapies, such as metronidazole or vancomycin, FMT has a high rate of treatment response with acceptable safety and efficiency. Following promulgation of the amendments in September 2018 in Taiwan, FMT has been indicated for recurrent or refractory CDI. The Taiwan Microbiota Consortium contributed to the Taiwan FMT Expert Consensus, which established basic norms and stipulated essential principles, including the indications for transplantation, eligible locations and personnel, donor screening policies, fecal sample handling, and post-FMT follow-up. However, establishing an eligible FMT team in a qualified hospital remains a clinical challenge, and the requirement for facilities and well-screened donors impedes the implementation of FMT. In this review, we aim to provide domestic FMT teams with explicit instructions to facilitate realization and increase the practice of FMT. Based on the Taiwan FMT Expert Consensus and current regulations, we performed a literature review and integrated the experiences of Taiwanese multidisciplinary experts into this article. The content intends to offer clinicians up-to-date evidence and highlight the essential points of FMT.