Vulneración de derechos humanos en las movilizaciones de octubre de 2019 en Chile

Chile's October 2019 popular revolt has again made human rights violations visible in the context of mass mobilizations. In terms of damage to the population's health, multiple eye injuries produced by kinetic impact projectiles and tear bombs against people were reported, leading to an outbreak of unpublished eye injuries worldwide. There was excessive use of chemical weapons, and the totality of the chemicals used has not been transparent. The impact on mental health, especially of the population who lived during dictatorship in the 1970s, is uncertain and, health care was overwhelmed in the most vulnerable geographic areas. It is urgent to establish a timely and transparent system for monitoring such lesions and transparent all chemical compounds in tear-tearing and the composition of kinetic impact projectiles.     

Study on chemical constituents of Folium Artemisiae argyi Carbonisatum,toxicity evaluation on zebrafish and intestinal hemostasis

Folium Artemisiae argyi Carbonisatum (FAAC) is a traditional medicine widely used in clinic. It has the effect of hemostasis by warming meridians. In order to further explore the chemical composition and biological activity of FAAC, the methanol extract of FAAC was isolated and purified by open column and high- performance liquid chromatography. and the complete structure was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and LREI-MS for the first time, namely rutin, quercetin and octacosanol respectively. Initially the toxic effect of methanol extract of FAAC on zebrafish was evaluated by observing the phenotypic characteristics, spontaneous twitch times, heart rate, hatching rate, the distance of SV-BA and cardiomyocyte apoptosis of zebrafish. The results showed that FAAC has embryonic development toxicity and cardiotoxicity when it was higher than 62.5 μg/mL. Meanwhile, the hemostatic effect of methanol extract of FAAC was compared with FAA (Folium Artemisia argyi) by zebrafish intestinal bleeding model originally. The results showed that the hemostatic effect of the medium and high concentration dose groups (3.0 and 30.0 μg/mL) was enhanced for both FAAC and FAA. This study provided an experimental basis for the clinical application of FAAC.     

原料配比对胆南星成分及药效影响

目的考察原料配比对胆南星成分和药效作用的影响。方法采用UPLC⁃MS/MS法及负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式进行不同原料配比的胆南星中鹅去氧胆酸、猪去氧胆酸、猪胆酸、牛磺鹅去氧胆酸、牛磺猪去氧胆酸、甘氨鹅去氧胆酸的含有量测定。胆南星甲醇溶液的分析采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm);流动相乙腈⁃0.1%甲酸水,梯度洗脱;体积流量0.25 mL/min;柱温45℃。药效学采用大鼠酵母致热实验、小鼠气管段酚红法和小鼠氨水引咳实验考察不同原料配比对胆南星药效作用影响。结果不同原料配比的胆南星中胆汁酸含有量差异明显,胆汁占原料比大于1∶1时,胆南星的解热、祛痰、止咳作用有统计学差异(P<0.05),胆汁占配比为1∶2时解热、祛痰作用较差(P>0.05)。结论胆汁比例对胆南星的成分和药效作用有显著影响,胆汁占原料比不应低于1∶1。     

Characteristic chemical profile of Juhe Fang extract with lipid-lowering properties

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to verify the lipid-lowering effect of Juhe Fang extract (JHFE) and to determine its characteristic chemical profile in vitro and in vivo.MethodsA hyperlipidemia model was established by feeding mice a high-fat diet (HFD). After treatment for 30 days, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured with an automatic biochemistry analyzer. The components from JHFE obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments were investigated using an UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS/MS.ResultsThe TC, TG, and LDL-C in the serum significantly decreased and the HDL-C significantly increased after JHFE treatment. A total of 95 compounds from JHEF including 15 phenolic acids (PA), 4 phenylethanoid glycosides (PG), 24 flavonoids (F), 14 triterpenoids (T), 10 diterpenoid glycosides (D), 18 alkaloids (A) and 10 others (O) were identified. Trigonelline was discovered for the first time in a herbal medicine of Juhe Fang. Furthermore, 68 compounds were identified in vivo including 28 prototype compounds and 40 metabolites. The metabolic characteristics of these components were revealed including identification of new metabolites of 4-hydroxyphenyl ethyl-8-O-[α-L- arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (PEG) and lirinidine. A total of 43 components from JHFE were absorbed and/or metabolized. The contribution rate of each type of chemical component from JHFE to its lipid-lowering effect from high to low were A, F, PG, PA, D and T.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that JHFE demonstrated a significant lipid-lowering effect in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia mouse model. Specific types of PA, PG, F, D, T and A formed the pharmaceutical architecture of the lipid-lowering effect of JHFE. This study should prove useful for clarifying the components responsible for the lipid-lowering effect of JHFE and provide a basis for precision quality control research.     

丝棉木种子化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性

目的 研究丝棉木Euonymus maackii Rupr.种子的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性.方法 丝棉木种子95%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯部位采用硅胶、D101、反相HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构.MTT法测定其抗肿瘤活性.结果 从中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为1β-甲基正丁酰氧基-2β-苯甲酰氧基-4α-羟基-6α-呋喃酰氧基-9β,12-二乙酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,2β,8β-三苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(2)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-正己酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(3)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-正辛酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(4)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-正癸酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(5)、卫矛羰碱(6)、6α,12-二乙酸基-1β,9α-二乙酸(β-呋喃羧氧基)-4α-羟基-2β-2-甲基丁酯-β-二氢沉香呋喃(7)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-羟基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(8)、6α,12-二乙酸基-1β,9 α-二乙酸(β-呋喃羧氧基)-4α-羟基-1β-2-甲基丁酯-β-二氢沉香呋喃(9)、6α,9β,12-四乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(10).化合物6对Hela细胞有明显的抑制作用,IC50为9.76 μg/mL.结论 化合物1为新化合物.化合物6有一定的抗肿瘤活性.     

枇杷叶紫珠化学成分及其细胞毒活性和抗炎活性

目的研究枇杷叶紫珠Callicarpa kochiana的化学成分及其细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。方法枇杷叶紫珠90%丙酮提取物采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、MCI、ODS、重结晶、半制备HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。采用CCK8法、Griess法、ELISA法测定化合物4~5的细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。结果从中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为3,7,3’,4’-tetramethyl-quercetin (1)、pachypodol (2)、14α-hydroxyisopimaric acid(3)、14α-hydroxy-7,15-isopimaradien-18-oic acid (4)、(16R)-16,17-dihydroxyphyllolladan-3-one (5)。化合物4在一定浓度范围内对7种肿瘤细胞具有不同程度的抑制作用,并可以减少RAW264. 7细胞NO、IL-10、MCP-1、TNF-α的释放量。结论化合物1~5均为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物4具有细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。     

国产沉香化学成分及药理作用研究进展

根据国内外有关国产沉香化学成分及药理作用的文献报道,国产沉香的主要化学成分为倍半萜类和色酮类成分,除此之外,还包括芳香族类、脂肪酸类、三萜类等成分。国产沉香具有多种生物活性,其药理作用包括催眠镇静、缓解肠道平滑肌痉挛、止咳平喘、抗心肌缺血、降血糖等。根据当前研究情况,今后应对国产沉香中2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类多聚体成分进行系统研究,探索沉香化学成分与药理药效的关系,以清楚地了解各成分在各种药理作用中的具体作用机制。参考文献46篇。     

中国南海石珊瑚Stylophora pistilata化学成分研究

目的 研究中国南海石珊瑚Stylopgora Stylophora pistillata的化学成分。方法 运用硅胶、凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)等多种柱色谱手段对化合物进行分离纯化；利用核磁共振、质谱等波谱学手段并结合其理化性质及文献数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从石珊瑚Stylopgora Stylophora pistillata的乙醇提取物中共分离鉴定了8个单体化合物：1,3-十四烷酸甘油二酯（1），正二十五烷（2），正二十三烷（3），肉豆蔻酸（4），2, 2"-氧代双(1, 4-二叔丁苯)（5），(R)-2-乙基己醇（6），2, 2"-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)ether（7）和5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethy-5- pentyl-2(5H)-furanone（8）。结论 化合物1～8均为首次从该石珊瑚中分离得到。细胞毒活性测试结果表明，化合物7对人慢性髓原白血病细胞（K562）、人肝癌细胞（BEL-7402）、人胃癌细胞（SGC-7901）、人肺癌细胞（A549）和人宫颈癌细胞(Hela)的增殖显示出一定的生长抑制活性，其余化合物对上述肿瘤细胞均无生长抑制活性。     

基于UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS分析刺果番荔枝叶的化学成分

目的利用UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS技术对刺果番荔枝叶的化学成分进行定性分析。方法采用Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T 3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A)和乙腈(B)梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,进样量2μL,在电喷雾正负离子模式下采集数据。经Reaxys数据库检索番荔枝属类化合物信息,通过质谱信息比对各化合物的m/z值、保留时间、质谱特征碎片等,并结合文献数据对鉴定的化合物进行验证。结果根据各化合物的特征裂解规律,从刺果番荔枝叶中共鉴定出45个化合物,包括16个生物碱类,14个番荔枝内酯类,7个黄酮类和8个其他类化合物,其中以番荔枝内酯类和生物碱类成分居多,与文献报道番荔枝内酯与生物碱类化合物是发挥抗癌的主要活性成分一致。结论利用UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS技术对刺果番荔枝叶中的化学成分进行了快速、准确的定性分析,为刺果番荔枝叶的提取分离与药效物质基础的研究提供依据。