社会营销理论在无偿献血工作中的应用

目的探讨社会营销理论的应用对无偿献血工作的重要性。方法对本市无偿献血工作采用新方法调研,分析不同人群献血动机,对实施效果进行数据统计。结果市民对无偿献血从误解到理解、支持;献血回头率由20%上升至现在的40%;自愿献血人数占无偿献血总人数比例由15%上升至现在的42%;从2005年以来,临床用血100%来自无偿献血。结论应用营销理论和营销实践技能,创新无偿献血工作方法,在招募无偿献血者工作中取得了初步成效,成功突破了无偿献血工作的"瓶颈"问题。     

医学双语教学发展瓶颈及其对策研究

从我国医学高等教育的实际出发,挖掘制约医学双语教学发展的瓶颈,并从教学目标、师资、教材、学生素质、教学质量评价机制等方面探寻克服这些困难的途径。     

成分血制备科瓶颈调查分析及对策

目的探讨影响血液成分制备的＂瓶颈效应＂,以及消除＂瓶颈效应＂对血液成分制备过程的影响。方法利用＂木桶理论＂分析血液成分制备过程的影响因素及存在的瓶颈问题。结果血液成分存在影响制备效率和效果的瓶颈因素,需要通过优化运作流程、合理安排人力资源、加强培训、提高员工质量意识、应用自动化设备等方面的工作,提高血液成分制备效率。结论效率来源于强化管理意识,通过不断创新使血液成分制备保持高效。     

依托智慧医院建设优化就诊流程的实践与思考

对智慧医院的建设背景进行介绍,从智慧门诊服务、智慧掌上医疗、智慧医疗自助一体化服务三方面对智慧医院建设优化就诊服务流程进行了探讨。指出了当前智慧医院发展存在缺乏宏观政策指导、制度规范不完善、专家医生碎片化时间较多以及信息安全保护意识薄弱等问题,并提出完善政策环境和相关法律规范,提高全社会参与度以及提高医务人员线上诊疗服务能力等建议     

浅谈如何保持医院的科研走可持续发展道路

医学科研是医学科学发展的主要动力。医院要想在市场经济环境中走可持续发展道路,就必须依靠科技进步和创新来提高医院的综合竞争能力。通过对哈尔滨医科大学附属第三医院科研工作现状的分析,提出保持科研发展劲头的“瓶颈”问题。在此基础上,探讨医院科研工作的发展趋势：实现科研成果大突破;打造一批国内具有较强竞争力的科研团队、加强人才梯队培养,为医院科研发展预备新生力量;冲击高水平科研课题,加强课题监管制度;围绕一个长期稳定的科研方向深入开展研究。通过这些途径,促进医院的科研工作走上可持续发展的道路。     

我国护理事业发展瓶颈解析与策略

社会自然、经济、文化的发展,使得社会对护理服务的需求呈现明显上升的趋势,然而护士的社会价值与地位却呈逆向趋势发展.护理资源的合理配置和有效利用产生极大的困难和被动,护理管理机制落后,造成护理人力、财力、物力的浪费,管理效率低下.护理人员能做到对知识的高输入,却难以做到能力和效力的高输出.通过建立健全"多元化"的护理管理体系,加大对护士地位的社会支持,合理利用人力资源,提升护理队伍整体素质等一系列措施的施行,稳步加快护理事业走出瓶颈的步伐.

Abstract：

The trend of the demand for nursing service was rising with the development of nature,economy and culture on society.However,the social value and status of nurses showed reverse trend.Huge difficulties and passivity existed in reasonable allocation and effective use of nursing resources.The out-dated care management mechanism wasted not only manpower,money and material resources but also ineffective management Nursing staff could achieve a high input throughout the knowledge,yet hardly to achieve a high output capacity and effectiveness.Through establishing a sound "diversity" nursing management system,increasing social supports on the status of nurses,taking advantage of human resource,promoting the overall quality of care,the steps out of the bottleneck for nursing business would be steadily accelerated.     

Intramodal and crossmodal processing delays in the attentional blink paradigm revealed by event-related potentials

In the attentional blink (AB), processing of a second target (T2) is impaired if it is presented shortly after the onset of a first target (T1), leading to a decrease in accurate report of T2 if T2 is masked. Some prominent theories of the AB suggest that an amodal bottleneck in working memory consolidation underlies the AB. We investigated this by factorially manipulating T1 and T2 modalities (visual or auditory) using equivalent stimuli and tasks in both modalities to minimize task switching. T2 was not masked. In all modality combinations, the electrophysiological P3 component to T2, obtained by subtracting T1 only trials from T1+T2 trials, was delayed and reduced in amplitude when T2 was presented soon after T1 relative to when T1 and T2 were presented farther apart. Results provide support for a common amodal bottleneck that underlies the AB effects observed in all visual/auditory modality combinations.     

Improved multitasking following prefrontal tDCS

We have a limited capacity for mapping sensory information onto motor responses. This processing bottleneck is thought to be a key factor in determining our ability to make two decisions simultaneously – i.e., to multitask (26, 27 and 36). Previous functional imaging research (7 and 8) has localised this bottleneck to the posterior lateral prefrontal cortex (pLPFC) of the left hemisphere. Currently, however, it is unknown whether this region is causally involved in multitasking performance. We investigated the role of the left pLPFC in multitasking using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The behavioural paradigm included single- and dual-task trials, each requiring a speeded discrimination of visual stimuli alone, auditory stimuli alone, or both visual and auditory stimuli. Reaction times for single- and dual-task trials were compared before, immediately after, and 20 min after anodal stimulation (excitatory), cathodal stimulation (inhibitory), or sham stimulation. The cost of responding to the two tasks (i.e., the reduction in performance for dual- vs single-task trials) was significantly reduced by cathodal stimulation, but not by anodal or sham stimulation. Overall, the results provide direct evidence that the left pLPFC is a key neural locus of the central bottleneck that limits an individual's ability to make two simple decisions simultaneously.     

Genetic origin of a large family with a novel PSEN1 mutation (Ile416Thr)

IntroductionA small percentage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are caused by genetic mutations with autosomal dominant inheritance. We report a family with a novel variant in PSEN1.MethodsWe performed clinical and genetic evaluation of 93 related individuals from a Colombian admixed population. 31 individuals had whole-genome sequencing.ResultsGenetic analysis revealed a missense variant in PSEN1 (NM_000021.3: c.1247T>C p.Ile416Thr), which originated on an African haplotype and segregated with AD logarithm of the odds score of 6. Their clinical phenotype is similar to sporadic AD except for earlier age at onset: the mean age at onset for mild cognitive impairment was 47.6 years (standard deviation 5.83) and for dementia 51.6 years (standard deviation 5.03).DiscussionIle416Thr is a novel pathogenic variant that causes AD in the sixth decade of life. The history of the region that included slave importation and admixtures within a confined geographic locale represents a “mini-population bottleneck” and subsequent emergence of a rare dominant mutation.     

Coordination between motor and cognitive tasks in dual task gait

BackgroundDual Task (DT) paradigms are frequently used by researchers and clinicians to examine the integrity of motor processes in many movement disorders. However, the mechanism of this interaction is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the within-stride interactions between cognitive and motor processes during dual task gait (DT).Research questionDo healthy young adults coordinate gait with secondary task processing? If so, is cognitive task processing capability associated with the coordination observed?MethodsNineteen healthy young adults walked for two minutes on a motorized treadmill whilst counting backwards in sevens from three-digit numbers. The coordination of calculation verbalizations with gait parameters were assessed across six phases of the gait cycle. Mid verbalization time points (VER_Mid) were used as points of high cognitive processing of the dual task and compared with the end of the verbalizations (VER_End) as points of low cognitive processing.ResultsVER_Mid and VER_End did not systematically occur in any phase of the gait cycle. However, 10/19 and 9/19 participants showed non-random distributions of verbalizations for VER_Mid and VER_End time points respectively (p < 0.01), indicating that these walkers coordinated gait with the cognitive task. Analysis of subgroups of Verbalization Coordinators and Non-Coordinators showed slower verbalization response durations (VRD) for VER_Mid Coordinators compared to VER_Mid Non-Coordinators, indicating that VER_Mid Coordinators found the cognitive tasks more demanding. No differences were found in VRD for VER_End Coordinators and VER_End Non-Coordinators.SignificanceIt was found that cognitive processing is coordinated with gait phases in some but not all healthy young adults during DT gait. When demands on cognitive processes are high, healthy young adults coordinate cognitive processing with phases of gait. Analysis of within-stride coordination may be of use for studying clinical conditions where gait and attentional cognition performance breaks down.