不同来源肝素的理化性质和生物活性

参照盐解和酶解工艺,以牛、羊肠粘膜和肺为原料,制得四种肝素,与商品猪肠粘膜肝素一并进行了理化分析和生物活性研究。结果表明羊肠粘膜肝素与猪肠粘膜肝素和牛肠粘膜肝素抗凝血活性高;牛、羊肺肝素降胆固醇作用较强,羊肺肝素抗炎作用较强。     

Concurrent infections with vector-borne pathogens associated with fatal anaemia in cattle: haematology and blood chemistry

An outbreak of a fatal haemolytic anaemia in a dairy herd of cattle in Switzerland was shown to be associated with infections with five vector-borne pathogens, namely Anaplasma marginale, A. phagocytophilum, Babesia bigemina, a Theileria spp belonging to the buffeli/sergenti/orientalis complex and haemotrophic Mycoplasma spp. The latter three had not been documented before this outbreak in Switzerland. To characterise the haematological and blood chemical changes in these unique cows, packed cell volume was determined in all 286 blood samples, blood smears, and complete haematology were performed from 285 and 173 blood samples, respectively, and biochemical parameters were assayed in 105 serum samples. Regenerative anaemia was the key sign of illness. Red blood cells of anaemic cattle were hypochromic and macrocytic. Anaemic animals had reduced platelet cell counts and increased total white cell counts. In addition, increased serum bilirubin, blood aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, glutamic dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen and decreased magnesium, calcium and albumin levels were found in anaemic cattle when compared to animals with normal packed cell volume. Most changes could not be attributed to a single infection. A. marginale seemed to be important in causing the outbreak, but co-infections may have aggravated the disease development and clinical signs. Thus, when encountering cattle with haemolytic anaemia, all of the mentioned pathogens should be included as differential diagnosis.     

Studies of quantitative parameters of virus excretion and transmission in pigs and cattle experimentally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can be spread by a variety of mechanisms and the rate of spread, the incubation period and the severity of disease depend on a multitude of parameters, including the strain of virus, the dose received, the route of introduction, the animal species and the husbandry conditions. More knowledge with regard to these parameters is urgently needed to improve resource-efficient disease control. This report describes detailed studies of FMDV load, excretion and transmission in pigs infected with FMDV O UKG 2001, O TAW 1997 and C Noville virus and in cattle infected with the O UKG 2001 virus to facilitate use of a "FMDV load framework" for the assessment of transmission risks. Virus replicated rapidly in pigs and cattle exposed by direct contact. The mean incubation period was around 3-4 days for cattle-to-cattle and 1-3 days for pig-to-pig transmission, depending on the intensity of contact. The results confirmed that a strong relation exists between dose and length of incubation period. Clinical disease was severe in pigs but relatively mild in inoculated cattle; contact infection of cattle appeared to increase the severity of lesions. FMDV RNA was recovered in nasal and mouth swabs from inoculated animals soon after they developed a viraemia and probably reflected the early production and excretion of virus. FMDV RNA in nasal and mouth swabs from contact animals could be detected several days before they showed other signs of infection, indicating the possibility of detecting exposed animals during the incubation period. FMDV RNA could also be detected in swab samples after the viraemic phase. This may have represented background environmental virus that had been trapped in the respiratory tract and mouth. Alternatively, it may have indicated a somewhat slower clearance or half-life of viral RNA or an extended low level of FMDV replication at these sites. The pattern of FMDV RNA concentrations in pigs was closely similar to that in cattle, but the amounts of FMDV RNA were higher.     

酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂RG50864对血小板衍生生长因子诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增生的影响

目的研究酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂RG50864对血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增生的影响。方法用原代培养的小牛肺动脉平滑肌细胞,采用细胞计数法,噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法及Giemsa染色法对PDGF诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增生等情况进行分析。结果与对照组相比,RG50864处理组能在24、48、72h显著地抑制PDGF诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增生,且呈剂量依赖性。结论RG50864可显著地抑制PDGF诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增生。     

抗轮状病毒牛初乳治疗轮状病毒性肠炎的初步研究

为了给临床提供特异有效的治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒感染的生物制剂，以ＳＡ１１轮状病毒免疫受孕乳牛，制备抗轮状病毒免疫牛初乳，从临床治疗角度，对８０例婴幼儿急性轮状病毒感染性腹泻，４３例应用抗轮状病毒牛初乳治疗，３７例应用思密达治疗，对两组进行了疗效对比观察。结果表明：抗轮状病毒免疫牛初乳治疗组的总有效率，显效率和７２小时粪便病毒转阴率分别达９１％，７９％和８９％；而思密达治疗组的疗效及７２小时大便病毒转阴率则相应为４１％，２４％和３９％，差异均有非常显著意义。为临床治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒感染性腹泻提供了安全有效，特异性强的治疗手段     

An experimental vaccine composed of two adjuvants gives protection against Mycoplasma bovis in calves

Mycoplasma bovis is a major pathogen affecting cattle causing bronchopneumonia, mastitis, and other disorders. Only autogenous vaccines made specifically for individual farms are available in parts of Europe and the United States. A novel experimental vaccine composed of a field M. bovis isolate combined with saponin and Emulsigen^® adjuvants was evaluated. Eighteen 3–4 week old calves were placed in three equal groups: vaccinated (Vac), positive control (PC) and negative control (NC). The Vac calves were subcutaneously injected with 8 ml of the vaccine; the PC and NC calves received phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Three weeks later the Vac and PC calves were challenged with a virulent M. bovis strain, the NC group received PBS. Throughout the study clinical observations, microbiology and immunological tests were carried out. Three weeks post challenge two calves from each group were euthanased for necropsy and histopathological examination. The vaccine effectively stimulated the humoral immune response, with high titres of anti-M. bovis specific antibodies and total Ig concentration. This vaccine also intensified the IgA response. A clinically protective effect of the vaccine was demonstrated as it also reduced the gross pathological lung lesions and nasal shedding of M. bovis.     

Assessment of telomere length during post-natal period in offspring produced by a bull and its fibroblast derived clone

ObjectiveTo investigate the telomere length in bovine offspring produced by a cloned and control bull, and the telomerase activity in embryos produced with the same technology.MethodsFive daughters of a control and five daughters of a bull cloned using a fibroblast of the control were produced by IVF using sperm of the two bulls. Blood samples of the offspring were collected at 2, 6, and 12 months of age and the relative telomere length (RTL) was assessed by flow cytometry. At same time the body growth, hematological profile, and clinical biochemistry of the same progeny was extensively surveyed, and results have been reported in a previous work. Thereafter, the telomerase activity was assessed using a real time PCR quantitative assay in groups of embryos produced with the same technology.ResultsThe offspring of the clone exhibited a modest, but significant (P<0.05), shortening of the telomeres (21.36%, 20.56% and 20.56%) compared to that of the control (23.78%, 23.53% and 22.43%) as mean values determined at 2, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Shortening of telomeres in respect to the age was not significant. No statistical difference was reported between telomerase activity assessed in 144 cloned (3.4⁻⁰³ ± 2.4⁻⁰³ amoles/μL) and 80 control (2.1⁻⁰³ ± 1.8⁻⁰³ amoles/μL) embryos.ConclusionsThe results have revealed a moderate shortening of telomeres in the offspring of the clone with respect to control. However, this study did not evidence differences in the two progenies that suggest welfare problems during the first year of life.     

舒血宁联合脑苷肌肽治疗血管性痴呆的疗效研究

目的 观察舒血宁联合脑苷肌肽治疗血管性痴呆患者的疗效及对精神行为症状的改善情况.方法 将58例血管性痴呆患者随机分为舒血宁联合脑苷肌肤治疗的观察组和单纯脑苷肌肤治疗的对照组,治疗结束后观察两组患者的临床疗效、简易智能量表(MMSE)、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)评分以及安全性评价.结果 治疗后,观察组有效率为89.66％,优于对照组的72.41％,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后两组患者的MMSE、ADL评分均较治疗前明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而组间比较,观察组的MMSE、ADL评分均较对照组明显增加,差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且均未出现不良反应.结论 舒血宁联合脑苷肌肽治疗血管性痴呆患者,不仅疗效较佳,安全性高,而且可有效改善患者的精神行为症状.     

花生四烯酸细胞色素P450表氧化酶代谢产物EET促进血管生成的研究

目的研究花生四烯酸细胞色素P450（cytochrome P450,CYP）表氧化酶代谢产物表氧二十碳三烯酸（epoxyeicosatrienoic acid,EET）对牛主动脉内皮细胞（bovine endothelial cells,BAEC）、对血管生成的影响及其机制.方法分离BAEC培养,给予外源性EET刺激、重组腺相关病毒介导的各种CYP表氧化酶（CYP2J2,CYP2C11,CYPF87V）转染后,采用细胞计数、噻唑蓝比色法检测细胞增殖改变,用流式细胞仪检测对细胞增殖周期的影响,同时检测细胞趋化移行的改变,比较对Matrigel中毛细血管样结构形成的影响,观察表氧化酶过度表达对鸡胚尿囊绒毛膜血管生成和大鼠缺血后肢毛细血管生成的影响.结果各种EET刺激或表氧化酶病毒转染均显著促进BAEC的增殖、趋化和移行,并使Matrigel中毛细血管样结构的形成明显增加,且EET呈剂量依赖性效应,而合用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂、丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK）抑制剂或磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K）抑制剂均可显著抑制上述效应,另外表氧化酶病毒转染尚能明显促进CAM小血管和大鼠缺血后肢毛细血管的生成.结论花生四烯酸细胞色素P450（CYP）表氧化酶及其代谢产物EET可显著促进血管的生成,可改善局部组织的缺血,其作用由MAKP和PI3K介导,部分效应由其对一氧化氮的上调作用介导.