剖宫产术后的抗凝治疗

产科手术尤其是急诊剖宫产术导致静脉血栓栓塞疾病发病率及病死率呈显著上升趋势，多表现为术后的深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞，这不仅与手术因素相关，也与大多数合并的病理产科因素相关。术后是否常规抗凝治疗目前尚存在争议，国内亦无大规模临床研究数据支持。本文从临床角度出发，探讨如何评估产科手术后发生血栓的风险，确定抗血栓预防干预的有效时机以及合理的治疗方案。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下抗凝药学服务的策略及应用研究

目的：新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间采用线上程序远程的抗凝药学模式服务服用华法林的患者，以保证华法林抗凝治疗的有效性和安全性。方法：采用回顾性调查及问卷调查的方式，分析疫情期间2020年1.20-2.19实施远程抗凝药学服务以来，患者治疗窗内时间（time in therapeutic range，TTR）、不良事件、患者咨询、患者依从性、患者INR监测率、患者满意度等数据，并与去年同期线下门诊进行对比。结果：在实施远程抗凝管理的药学服务后，远程线上服务人次占比（90.63%）同比去年（13.57%）上涨明显（P<0.001），患者TTR （79.57%）同比去年（58.90%）明显提高（P=0.004），不良事件发生率降低，华法林按时服药率（96.77%）明显升高（P=0.003），国际标准化比值（International Normalized Ratio，INR）监测率（93.55%）显著提高（P=0.002），患者满意度极高，明显减少患者在院停留时间及经济成本。结论：在新冠肺炎疫情期间，该抗凝药学模式的实施解决了抗凝患者密集的药学服务需求和其减少患者暴露避免潜在交叉感染风险之间的矛盾，构建起临床药师抗击疫情的新型抗凝药学服务模式。     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术患者不同抗血小板方案对乳内动脉桥血管通畅率影响的临床研究

目的:对比研究非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)后,分别运用单抗(阿司匹林)与双抗(阿司匹林+氯吡格雷)抗血小板治疗后,对远期乳内动脉桥血管通畅率的影响。方法:回顾性分析2005年01月至2005年12月,在安贞医院心脏外科固定手术组行OPCABG并顺利出院的230例患者的临床资料,并对其进行随访。结果:随访时间为150个月,随访期内心脏相关死亡54例(16.4%)。两组前降支通畅率分别为65.8%、66.4%(P>0.05)。结论:对于OPCABG的患者,无论给与双抗或单抗,其远期效果并无明显差异,但短期内前降支通畅率变化趋势,双抗组优于单抗组。     

门诊静脉血栓栓塞症患者抗凝手册的建立及有效性分析

目的评估门诊静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism,VTE)患者抗凝手册的建立及其临床可行性、安全性和有效性。方法前瞻性分析上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院2018年10月至2019年3月采用门诊VTE抗凝手册的门诊VTE患者随访资料,主要研究终点为规范性抗凝的依从性,次要研究终点包括出血并发症发生率和症状性血栓复发率和失访率。结果门诊VTE患者规范性抗凝依从性为89.4%,其中口服利伐沙班和皮下注射低分子量肝素患者的依从性分别为92.9%和100%,口服华法林患者的依从性为77.8%。出血并发症发生率为5.3%,均为轻微出血。症状性血栓复发率为2.1%,均发生于口服华法林患者。患者总失访率为4.3%。结论建立门诊VTE患者抗凝手册可以有效提高患者治疗依从性,降低失访率,且具有较低的并发症发生率和血栓复发率。     

老年慢性非瓣膜房颤患者的抗凝治疗

目的比较肠溶阿司匹林和结晶华法林对慢性非瓣膜房颤的老年患者预防缺血性脑卒中的疗效。方法老年慢性非瓣膜性房颤患者431例,年龄>65岁,随机分为阿司匹林、华法林两组对照试验,服用2年,观察脑卒中和出血的发生率。结果年龄65～74岁没有危险因素的房颤患者脑卒中的发生率肠溶阿司匹林组为2.9%、华法林组为1.7%,差异无明显性(P>0.05);年龄65～74岁有危险因素的房颤患者脑卒中的发生率肠溶阿司匹林组为5.2%,明显高于华法林组2.1%。年龄≥75岁没有危险因素的患者,脑卒中发生率阿司匹林组4.9%明显高于华法林组2.3%;年龄≥75岁有危险因素的患者,脑卒中发生率阿司匹林组6.7%,明显高于华法林组2.2%(P<0.05)。出血并发症发生率阿司匹林3.06%、华法林组2.76%,两组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论年龄65～74岁没有危险因素的非瓣膜房颤患者可服用阿司匹林预防脑卒中。而对于年龄≥75岁以及所有有危险因素的患者须服用华法林预防脑卒中,华法林在抗凝同时没有增加出血的并发症。     

A review of the practical advantages of low molecular weight heparin in the treatment of cancer-related venous thromboembolism

Patients with cancer, particularly those with metastatic cancer, are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which places a huge burden on healthcare resources and can adversely affect patients' prognosis. In addition, VTE can have a negative impact on quality of life and increase the management challenges faced by physicians and nurses. Conventional long-term treatment using vitamin K antagonists, such as warfarin, presents many practical problems for cancer patients including frequent monitoring and dose adjustment, drug interactions, and disruption of anticoagulation for invasive procedures. The aim of this article is to review the potential advantages of using low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in the treatment of cancer-related VTE in comparison to conventional therapy with warfarin or standard heparin. The potential advantages were determined via a literature review. LMWH is at least as effective as standard heparin or warfarin, and has been shown to have several benefits over warfarin in cancer patients. The simplicity of this therapy enables patients to be treated at home, and has been shown to have a positive impact on overall quality of life. The use of LMWH provides a treatment alternative to patients with cancer offering them hope and optimism regarding their care.     

添加丙氨酰谷氨酰胺血液保存液对储存血液红细胞膜的影响

目的探讨添加丙氨酰谷氨酰胺的血液保存液与ACD配方保存液对储存血液红细胞膜Na+K+-ATP、Ca2+Mg2+-ATP酶活性的影响。方法选取血标本分实验组A和对照组B,每组均为相对应的1~10管;A组保存液为ACD配方保存液和丙氨酰谷氨酰胺注射液,B组保存液为ACD配方保存液,比较两组采血后第1、3天红细胞膜Na+K+-ATP、Ca2+Mg2+-ATP酶活性,并进行统计分析。结果 A、B两组标本第1、3天分别测定红细胞膜Na+K+-ATP及Ca2+Mg2+-ATP酶活性,其中A组Na+K+-ATP酶活性分别为16.51±5.23、11.60±5.11,B组为12.90±6.01、6.31±3.67,A组Ca2+Mg2+-ATP酶活性分别为16.09±6.03、11.75±6.70,B组为12.38±5.37、5.05±3.23,A与B两组组间及组内比较差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ACD配方血液保存液加入丙氨酰谷氨酰胺制成血液保存液,与ACD配方血液保存液对存储血液红细胞膜Na+K+-ATP、Ca2+Mg2+-ATP酶活性影响的差异有统计学意义,对红细胞膜保护作用优于ACD配方保存液。     

Pathogenesis,clinical and laboratory aspects of thrombosis in cancer

The relationship between increased clotting and malignancy is well recognized, though the bidirectional development of this association is often overlooked. In the challenging cancer biology, transforming genes often act in concert with numerous epigenetic factors, including hypoxia, inflammation, contact between blood and cancer cells, and emission of procoagulant vesicles from tumors, to determine a net imbalance of the hemostatic potential which is detectable by a variety of laboratory tests. Procoagulant factors, in particular, are intimately involved in all aspects of hemostatic, cell proliferation and cellular signalling systems. However, the biggest as yet unresolved question is why cancer patients develop thrombosis? Since the thrombus itself does not apparently contributes directly to the tumor biology, enhanced hemostasis activation in cancer patients may be interpreted according to the most recent biological evidences. Coagulation and cancer biology interact bidirectionally in a “vicious cycle”, in which greater tumor burden supplies greater procoagulants (tissue factor, cancer procoagulant) and thrombin, which would in turn act as strong promoters of cancer growth and spread. In this perspective, thrombosis may be interpreted as a epiphenomenon of an intricate an effective biological feedback to maintain or promote cancer progression. In this review article, we briefly analyze the pathogenesis, laboratory, clinical and therapeutic features of cancer and thrombosis.