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1.
Baclofen (fun drug) and ethanol combined poisoning in humans: A histopathology and morphometry model
Background– This study intends to address the scarcity of data regarding the pathogenesis of Baclofen poisoning in humans, which has seen a recent increase, worldwide, especially amongst the young people. Another reason for the conduction of this study was lack of the substantial data about the histo-pathological findings of lungs, in synergistic toxicity of Baclofen with Ethanol, in-spite of it being very common in humans, and both being respiratory depressant with similar mechanism of action.Purpose– The authors aimed to understand the pathogenesis of fatal poisonings in humans due to Baclofen in combination with Ethanol via an animal research model. The enhancement of the overall scientific literature by extending research along the lines of the handful studies available in this regard was another adjunct goal of the study.Material and methodsFifteen Wistar rats were divided into control and test group of five and ten subjects respectively. The test group was further divided into two sub-groups of five each, with Baclofen administered to one, and it in conjunction with Ethanol to the other, in lowest dosages adjusted for the humans. Rats in both the groups were euthanized by dislocation of the cervical vertebrae for the histopathology examination.ResultsCapillary and venous plethora, hemorrhages in the inter-alveolar septi, hemorrhages into the alveoli and sludging was seen in the 1st sub-group. The plethora of venules, capillaries and arterioles, with sludging by the WBC (white blood corpuscle) infiltrates was seen in the 2nd sub-group. Desquamation of the ciliated epithelium and edematous thickening of the intra-alveolar septi, along with features suggestive of the peri-vascular edema was seen in the 2nd sub-group. The morphometric analysis of the micro vessels showed a significantly higher value of the arteriolar diameter in the 2nd sub-group, in comparison to 1st, but the venular diameter in the two sub-groups did not differ to any extent. 相似文献
2.
幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)是一种可引发多系统病变的致病微生物。根除H.pylori能够改善胃黏膜炎性反应,阻止或延缓胃黏膜萎缩、肠化生的发生和发展,并部分逆转萎缩,也可不同程度地降低胃癌的发生率。以往临床常采用三联疗法作为根除H.pylori的一线治疗方案,但近年由于抗生素的广泛使用,导致H.pylori的抗药性增强,根除率降低。国内外研究均表明,链霉蛋白酶可以通过抑制H.pylori生存和影响抗H.pylori抗菌药起到根治的作用,并且在此方面取得良好疗效,为根除H.pylori开辟出一条崭新的道路。本文就链霉蛋白酶治疗H.pylori的进展作一概述。 相似文献
3.
《Journal of pediatric surgery》2023,58(6):1178-1184
BackgroundThe objective was to explore the hospital-level relationship between routine pre-discharge WBC utilization (RPD-WBC) and outcomes in children with complicated appendicitis.MethodsMulticenter analysis of NSQIP-Pediatric data from 14 consortium hospitals augmented with RPD-WBC data. WBC were considered routine if obtained within one day of discharge in children who did not develop an organ space infection (OSI) or fever during the index admission. Hospital-level observed-to-expected ratios (O/E) for 30-day outcomes (antibiotic days, imaging utilization, healthcare days, and OSI) were calculated after adjusting for appendicitis severity and patient characteristics. Spearman correlation was used to explore the relationship between hospital-level RPD-WBC utilization and O/E's for each outcome.Results1528 children were included. Significant variation was found across hospitals in RPD-WBC use (range: 0.7–100%; p < 0.01) and all outcomes (mean antibiotic days: 9.9 [O/E range: 0.56–1.44, p < 0.01]; imaging: 21.9% [O/E range: 0.40–2.75, p < 0.01]; mean healthcare visit days: 5.7 [O/E 0.74–1.27, p < 0.01]); OSI: 14.1% [O/E range: 0.43–3.64, p < 0.01]). No correlation was found between RPD-WBC use and antibiotic days (r = +0.14, p = 0.64), imaging (r = −0.07, p = 0.82), healthcare days (r = +0.35, p = 0.23) or OSI (r = −0.13, p = 0.65).ConclusionsIncreased RPD-WBC utilization in pediatric complicated appendicitis did not correlate with improved outcomes or resource utilization at the hospital level.Level of EvidenceIII.Type of StudyClinical Research 相似文献
4.
5.
《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2022,30(7):971-978
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge, with a reported prevalence of around 10%. Prescribing for patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) is challenging and complicated by polypharmacy, comorbidities, and changes in clearance of medications. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotics utilization patterns and dosage appropriateness in patients receiving HD at a tertiary hospital. A retrospective study was carried on 287 adult inpatients, who received HD and at least one antibiotic in a tertiary hospital in Oman. Data were extracted using the hospital’s electronic patient information system. Dosage appropriateness was assessed by identifying the dosage and frequency of prescribed antibiotics and comparing them with international guidelines. The main outcome measures were antibiotics utilization patterns and dosing inappropriateness. The most commonly prescribed parenteral antibiotic was piperacillin + tazobactam (20%), while the most common prescribed oral antibiotic was azithromycin (41.7%). For prophylaxis, cefazolin (54.6%) was the main antibiotic prescribed. The most commonly used antibiotic for external use was mupirocin ointment (38.5%). The overall dosing inappropriateness was 29.5%. Vancomycin was the most common parenteral antibiotic subjected to dosing inappropriateness (19.8%). However, trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole was more inappropriately prescribed among the oral route (28.6%).In conclusion, the most utilized antibiotic was piperacillin + tazobactam followed by vancomycin. The study reported some inappropriate dosing of antibiotics. Such a study opens the door for the establishment of local guidelines for the improved practice of antibiotics use in HD patients. 相似文献
6.
《Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine》2021,26(3):101217
Antibiotics are extensively and inconsistently prescribed in neonatal ICUs, and usage does not correlate with rates of culture positive sepsis. There is mounting data describing the short and long-term adverse effects associated with antibiotic overuse in neonates, including the increased burden of multi-drug resistant organisms. Currently there is considerable variation in antibiotic prescribing practice among neonatologists. Applying the practice of antibiotic stewardship in the NICU is crucial for standardizing antibiotic use and improving outcomes in this population.Several approaches have been proposed to identify neonatal sepsis, with the hope of reducing antibiotic utilization. These strategies all have their limitations, and often include laboratory testing and treatment of well-appearing, non-septic, infants. A conservative “watch and wait” algorithm is suggested as an alternative method for when to initiate antibiotics. This observational approach relies on availability of trained personnel able to examine infants at specified intervals, without delaying antibiotics, should signs of sepsis arise. 相似文献
7.
摘要:抗生素滥用已导致全球范围内的抗生素耐药危机,人们不得不开始寻求新的策略解决这一问题。古老的噬菌体疗法
因噬菌体杀菌效力强、可自我复制等优势而重新受到重视。但单独使用噬菌体可能面临一系列问题,如抗菌谱过窄,噬菌体抗
性及免疫原性等。噬菌体与抗生素联合应用能够协同裂解宿主细菌,更好地控制或根除细菌感染,因此,二者联用在近年来开
始成为噬菌体疗法的研究和应用热点。本文通过整理噬菌体与抗生素联合应用的研究文献及临床报道,探讨、总结噬菌体与抗
生素的协同作用机制,以期进一步推动噬菌体与抗生素联合的研究与应用。 相似文献
8.
9.
摘要:抗生素广泛应用于医疗和农业生产之中,由于传统的废水处理工艺不能够有效地去除废水中的抗生素,导致目前环
境中已经广泛检测到抗生素的存在。为了预防抗生素污染扩散带来的危害,人们投入了大量的资源研究抗生素的去除方法。本
文参考国内外文献总结了近几年稀土元素在光催化降解抗生素中的应用研究情况,深入揭示了稀土元素在光催化降解抗生素应
用中发挥的作用。主要内容包括:稀土元素掺杂、稀土元素参与构建异质结和稀土元素掺杂与异质结共用的光催化降解;稀土
元素应用在光催化降解抗生素中的3种方法的分析对比;对稀土元素应用于光催化降解抗生素的未来展望。 相似文献
10.
ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of non-accidental trauma (NAT) in children with polytrauma treated at level-I trauma centres (TC).Summary of backgroundData 6–10% Of children who present at the emergency department with injuries, sustain polytrauma. Polytrauma may result from either accidental (AT) or NAT, i.e. inflicted or neglect. The prevalence of NAT among children with polytrauma is currently unclear.MethodsThis is a retrospective study that included children (0–18 years) with an Injury Severity Score >15, who presented at one of the 11 Level-I trauma centers (TC) in the Netherlands between January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2016. Outcomes were classified based on the conclusions of the Child Abuse and Neglect-team. Cases in which conclusions were unavailable and there was no clear accidental cause of injuries were reviewed by an expert panel.ResultsThe study included 1623 children, 1452 (89%) were classified as AT, 171 (11%) as NAT; 39 (2,4%) inflicted and 132 (8,1%) neglect. Of pre-school aged children (<5 years) 41% sustained NAT (OR26.73, 95%CI 17.70–40.35), 35/342 (10%) inflicted and 104/342 (31%) neglect. Admission due to ‘cardiopulmonary arrest’ was the result of inflicted trauma (30% vs 0%,p < 0.001). NAT had a higher mortality rate (16% vs 10%, p = 0.006). Indicators of NAT were: (near-)drowning (OR10.74, 95%CI 5.94–19.41), burn (OR8.62, 95%CI 4.08–18.19) and fall from height (OR2.18, 95%CI 1.56–3.02).ConclusionsNAT was the cause of polytrauma in 11% of children in our nationwide level-I TC study; 41% of these polytrauma were the result of NAT experienced by preschool-aged children. Our data show the importance of awareness for NAT. 相似文献