乌头碱调节 C-C基序趋化因子配体 2/C-C基序趋化因子受体 2信号通路对膀胱癌细胞抗肿瘤活性及其作用机制研究

目的探讨乌头碱调节 C-C基序趋化因子配体 2(CCL2)/C-C基序趋化因子受体 2(CCR2)信号通路对膀胱癌细胞抗肿瘤活性及其作用机制研究。方法研究起止时间为 2021年 12月至 2022年 10月。采用细胞计数试剂盒( CCK-8)法检测 2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0、30.0 μmol/L乌头碱处理后的人膀胱癌 5637细胞存活率,筛选出合适的乌头碱作用浓度。将 5637细胞分为对照组、乌头碱低剂量( 10 μmol/L)组、乌头碱高剂量( 20 μmol/L)组、乌头碱高剂量(20 μmol/L)+空载组、乌头碱高剂量( 20 μmol/L) +CCL2过表达组,分组处理后,采用 CCK-8法、 5-乙炔基 -2''-脱氧尿苷( Edu)染色法及 Hoechst 33258染色分别检测各组 5637细胞存活率、增殖率、凋亡率;采用 Transwell实验及划痕实验分别检测各组 5637细胞侵袭数、迁移率;采用免疫荧光染色检测各组 5637细胞凋亡相关蛋白 BCL2相关 X蛋白( Bax)和 B淋巴细胞瘤 -2(Bcl-2)表达比值( Bax/Bcl-2);采用免疫印迹法检测各组 5637细胞 CCL2/CCR2信号通路相关蛋白及上皮间质转化标志蛋白［神经钙黏素( N-cadherin)、锌指 E盒结合同源盒 1(ZEB1)、紧密连接蛋白 1(ZO-1)、上皮钙黏素( E-cadherin)］表达。结果与对照组相比,乌头碱低剂量组、乌头碱高剂量组、乌头碱高剂量 +空载组细胞 CCL2(0.69±0.09、0.20±0.03、0.19±0.04比 1.21±0.13)CCR2(0.78±0.12、0.26±0.06、0.27±0.07比 1.33±0.20)、 Ncadherin(0.65±0.06、0.12±0.02、0.11±0.03比 1.24±0.12)与 ZEB1蛋白存活率、增殖率、侵袭数、迁移率均降低( P<0.05), Bax/Bcl-2、细胞 ZO-1与 E-cadherin蛋白表达均升高( P<0.05);乌头碱高剂量组、乌头碱高剂量 +空载组细胞 CCL2、CCR2、N-cad? herin与 ZEB1蛋白表达、存活率、增殖率、侵袭数、迁移率相比乌头碱低剂量组进一步降低( P<0.05)Bax/Bcl-2、细胞 ZO-1与 Ecadherin蛋白表达进一步升高( P<0.05)。与乌头碱高剂量组相比,乌头碱高剂量 +CCL2过表达组CCL2、CCR2、N-cadherin与 ZEB1蛋白表达、存活率、增殖率、侵袭数、迁移率升高( P<0.05)Bax/Bcl-2、细胞 ZO-1与 E-cadherin蛋白表达降低( P<0.05)。结论乌头碱可通过 CCL2/CCR2信号通路而抑制膀胱癌细胞存增殖及侵袭和迁移,促使其凋亡。     

乌头碱、新乌头碱及次乌头碱对心肌细胞钙释放的影响

目的：探讨乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱对心肌细胞钙释放的影响。方法分离的成年Sprague-Dawley大鼠左心室心肌细胞分别使用0.3、1、3μmol/L乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱溶液灌流12 min,灌流后4、8、12 min时检测自发性钙释放(SCR)诱发率以及舒张末期钙浓度(F0)、钙瞬变幅度(ΔF)的变化。检测灌流0.3μmol/L乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱溶液后12 min,心肌细胞发挥正性肌力作用时钙瞬变和收缩功能动力学指标的变化。结果乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱均可诱发SCR,0.3μmol/L时新乌头碱SCR诱发率最高,3μmol/L时乌头碱SCR诱发率最高。与对照组比较,给药后12 min,3μmol/L乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱均可增加 F0[(1.459±0.379)、(1.585±0.493)、(1.213±0.254)比(1.079±0.108)]、ΔF[(1.615±0.455)、(2.210±0.756)、(1.528±0.422)比(1.036±0.125)],差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);且新乌头碱ΔF高于乌头碱和次乌头碱(P均＜0.05)。与对照组比较,0.3μmol/L乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱均可增加ΔF[(0.409±0.127)、(0.423±0.107)、(0.414±0.118)比(0.260±0.065);P＜0.05或P＜0.01]、收缩幅度[(5.464±2.239)%、(7.449±2.548)%、(5.524±1.645)%比(3.428±0.911)%;P＜0.05或 P＜0.01],延长钙瞬变达峰时间[(0.041±0.016)s、(0.039±0.009)s、(0.038±0.011)s 比(0.032±0.007)s;P＜0.05或P＜0.01];与乌头碱组比较,新乌头碱和次乌头碱可降低钙瞬变消除时间常数[(0.301±0.054)s、(0.324±0.064)s 比(0.361±0.076)s;P＜0.05或P＜0.01],缩短舒张期收缩恢复至50%时的时间[(0.124±0.035)s、(0.126±0.040)s 比(0.157±0.056)s;P＜0.05或 P＜0.01]。结论乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱的正性肌力作用与毒性效应同时存在,表明心肌细胞内钙浓度升高是产生正性肌力作用的有利因素,也是诱发SCR的危险因素。     

乌头碱中毒致室性心律失常治疗方法的探讨——附7例临床疗效的分析

目的 :探讨含乌头碱的中药中毒致室性心律失常的治疗方法。方法 :乌头碱类中药中毒致室性心律失常 7例 ,对乌头碱中毒所引起的室性心律失常应首选利多卡因或电复律 ,对不能复律者 ,不失时机的合理使用异丙基肾上腺素。结果 :7例病例及上述治疗均恢复了窦性心律。结论 :利多卡因、电复律或异丙基肾上腺素的合理使用 ,对于纠正乌头碱中毒致室性心律失常疗效是显著而确切的     

Role of M<Subscript>3</Subscript> receptor in aconitine/barium-chloride-induced preconditioning against arrhythmias in rats

We demonstrated here that an initial treatment with aconitine- or barium-chloride-induced arrhythmias and resulted in reduced susceptibility of the heart to the induction of arrhythmias by a repeated drug treatment 24 h after the initial one, a delayed preconditioning cardioprotection. This delayed preconditioning was accompanied by enhanced expression of cardiac muscarinic M₃ receptor and abolished by M₃-selective antagonist. We conclude that muscarinic M₃ receptors might play an important role in conferring the pharmacological preconditioning against arrhythmias. This study thus expands our understanding of the cellular function and pathophysiological roles of muscarinic M₃ receptor and reconsolidates our view of cardioprotective effects of muscarinic M₃ receptor on myocardium. Yan Liu and Juan Du made equal contribution to this study.     

碘杂环化合物的抗心律失常作用

碘杂环-64能防治乌头碱、氯化钡和结扎冠状动脉诱发的大鼠心律失常,推迟肾上腺素—氯仿诱发家兔心律失常的发作和缩短心律失常持续期,提高哇巴因诱发豚鼠心律失常的剂量,显著降低乙酰胆碱(Ach)—氯化钙诱发小鼠房颤(扑)的发生率。碘杂环-64减慢心率与迷走神经兴奋和β受体阻滞无关。     

烟浪丁的抗心律失常作用

NICO 100 mg/kg iv,可明显对抗乌头碱和BaCl_2诱发大鼠及氯仿-肾上腺素引起兔的心律失常;降低CaCl_2所致的大鼠室颤率;提高豚鼠心脏哇巴因中毒时的耐量。50 mg/kg iv,也可预防结扎大鼠左冠状动脉引起的心律失常。50～100 mg/kg ip,能降低氯仿或ACh—CaCl_2引起的小鼠室颤率或房颤(扑)率。NICO可减慢豚鼠心率,且可拮抗异丙肾上腺素的正性变率作用。     

Aconitum in Traditional Chinese Medicine-A valuable drug or an unpredictable risk?

Aconitum species have been used in China as an essential drug in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for 2000 years. Reviewing the clinical application of Aconitum, their pharmacological effects, toxicity and detoxifying measures, herb–herb interactions, clinical taboos, famous herbal formulas, traditional and current herbal processing methods based upon a wide range of literature investigations serve as a case study to explore the multidisciplinary implications of botanicals used in TCM. The toxicological risk of improper usage of Aconitum remains very high, especially in countries like China, India and Japan. The toxicity of Aconitum mainly derives from the diester diterpene alkaloids (DDAs) including aconitine (AC), mesaconitine (MA) and hypaconitine (HA). They can be decomposed into less or non-toxic derivatives through Chinese traditional processing methods (Paozhi), which play an essential role in detoxification. Using Paozhi, the three main forms of processed aconite – Yanfuzi, Heishunpian and Baifupian – can be obtained (CPCommission, 2005). Moreover, some new processing techniques have been developed in China such as pressure-steaming. The current development of fingerprint assays, in particular HPLC, has set a good basis to conduct an appropriate quality control for TCM crude herbs and their ready-made products. Therefore, a stipulation for a maximum level of DDA content of Aconitum is highly desirable in order to guarantee the clinical safety and its low toxicity in decoctions. Newly developed HPLC methods have made the accurate and simultaneous determination and quantification of DDA content interesting.     

川乌中总生物碱提取工艺优化研究

目的:优选川乌药材中总生物碱的最佳提取工艺。方法:采用L9(34)正交法,以提取物得率和乌头碱、次乌头碱和新乌头碱的含量为考察指标,并用RP-HPLC法测定三种生物碱的含量,流动相为甲醇-水-氯仿-二乙胺(70∶30∶2∶0.1)。结果:筛选出的最佳提取工艺为药材用氨试液浸润,加入15倍乙醚溶剂,冷浸24h。结论:该实验提取工艺合理、科学。