CKD3～5期慢病管理患者肾功能进展速率及影响因素的研究

目的:分析不同分期CKD患者肾功能进展速率及相关影响因素。方法:采用t检验分析SCr、BUN、e GFR、ALB、Hb、UA对疾病病程的影响;采用方差分析检验CKD不同分期对疾病进展速率的影响; 2年e GFR下降率评价CKD不同病因进展速率。结果:SCr、BUN、e GFR、Hb与病程进展有关; Hb与CKD3、4期病程进展有关; ALB、UA与病程进展关系不显。多组分析显示SCr、BUN、e GFR、Hb与疾病所处分期有关,ALB、UA无法定论。CKD4期、病因属糖尿病肾病恶化最剧烈。结论:慢性肾脏病的进展速率与所处分期密切相关,以CKD4期进展最为迅速,病因中糖尿病肾病为进展速率之最,慢性肾炎进展相对缓慢。影响因素中病因、生活方式、高血压、蛋白尿、糖尿病、贫血、低密度脂蛋白可影响CKD进展速率,尿酸、高脂血症是否是肾功能迅速恶化的高危因素临床尚无统一定论。     

《医用有机化学》课程中进行德育渗透

教学与德育有机融会贯通,是当前教育领域的共识。医学本科生秉承"以德载医"的精神,肩负"治病救人"的重任,因此德育教育在整个医学教学中占有重要的地位。《医用有机化学》教材中含有丰富的德育内容,高校教师传授专业知识的同时,在教学过程中巧妙的穿插辩证唯物主义、爱国主义和社会责任感的思政教育,可以帮助学生们树立正确的世界观和人生观。文章以医用有机化学课程为例,主要从教师的自身道德素养、德育在教学过程中的具体实践和德育实施过程中需要注意的问题三方面进行阐述,充分将新时代新理念融入大纲、教案和课堂中,化"知识"为"智慧",变"文化"为"品格",充分发挥医用有机化学课程的德育功能。     

电热吹风 吹走疾病

利用低档电热吹风．可以使局部血液循环加速．促进药物的渗透吸收，缓解病情。 治疗感冒 感冒初期流清涕、打喷嚏，继而鼻塞、咽喉疼痛或发烧。可用热吹风对着鼻孔及咽喉部吹入热气持续5～20分钟左右。若在鼻孔滴入一两滴食醋，效果更佳。     

酶法和Jaffe速率法测定血清肌酐的方法学比较

目的了解酶法和Jaffe速率法测定血清肌酐结果的偏倚大小,为室间评估结果分组提供依据.方法按照美国全国临床实验标准委员会(NCCLS)EP9-A文件进行评估,将测得的数据进行相关回归分析,计算两方法间的偏倚.结果酶法和Jaffe速率法测定肌酐,其回归方程式Y=1.005X+17.9(Y为Jaffe速率法,X为酶法),相关系数r=0.998,有明显恒定偏倚.结论必须对不同方法原理的肌酐室间评估结果作分组处理.     

关于医用化学教材中渗透现象发生条件的探讨

目的：笔者认为新版医用化学教材中有关渗透现象发生的条件说法不妥，故提出探讨。方法：通过化学实验进行论证。结果：从实验结论得出结果渗透现象产生的第二个条件应为“半透膜两侧溶液的渗透浓度不相等。”结论：新版医用化学教材中有关渗透现象发生的第二个条件“半透膜两侧的溶液要有浓度差”如改成“半透膜两侧溶液的渗透浓度不相等”可能更佳。     

国外制剂技术研究的进展

近年来,国外药物制剂的迅速发展,主要表现在品种数量增加,工艺技术先进。因为开发一只新制剂比开发一只新化学本体药物(New Chemical Entities,NCE's)省时省费用,而且还可以利用已过时的专利,制成各种不同的剂型,发挥更好的疗效。这表现在极其热门的药物释放系统(Drug Delivery System,DDS)的研究。世界各大制药公司,如最有名的ALZA;KEY;ELAN;FOREST;Giba-Geigy;KV Pharmaceutical;HerconLab;Moleculon Inc;Penn Walt;The Liposome Company等均竞相研制,竞争的焦     

兔肢体爆炸伤合并海水浸泡后在不同复温速率及维持浅低体温下机体炎症反应的特征

Objective To investigate effects of different rewarming rates and maintenance of light hypothermia on inflammatory response in rabbits after limb blast injury, coupled with seawater immersion. Methods First, the model of limb blast injury coupled with seawater immersion was reproduced [the animals were immersed to low body temperature of (31.0±0.5℃)]. Then, 24 adult rabbits were randomly divided into group Ⅰ [the rapid rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (8.94±0.93)℃/h], group Ⅱ [the slow rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (3.88±0.22)℃/h], group Ⅲ [another slow rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (2.18±0.12)℃/h], and the H group [the hypothermia group, n =6, rewarmed to (34 - 35)℃ at a rate of (4.49±0.66)℃/h and kept at that temperature till termination of the experiment]. Regulation of ambient temperature and warm transfusion were used to restore body temperature to target levels and maintained there for 6 hours. Blood samples were taken at 5 different times, I.e. Pre-injury time(T0), post-immersion time (T1), the time when rewarming started (T2), 3 h after rewarming (T3), and 6 h after rewarming (T4). Tissue samples from heart, liver, intestinum, lung and kidney were also collected. Levels of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) in plasma and MPO (myeloperoxidase) in homogenate were detected. Results Following rewarming, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in the plasma of the animals in group Ⅰ and group H were significantly higher when compared with those of the animals in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ (P<0.05, P<0.01), and MPO activity in homogenate was significantly higher when compared with that of the animals in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P<0.01, P<0.05), and no statistical difference could be seen between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). Conclusions Rapid rewarming and maintenance of light hypothermia could obviously elevate TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in plasma and MPO activity in homogenate, following limb blast injury coupled with hypothermia induced by seawater immersion, while slow rewarming (with a rewarming rate of 2-4℃/h) could significantly inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels and PMN activity.     

枯草杆菌Bacillus sp F26产过氧化氢酶的发酵条件

从内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原的盐碱湖中分离到的一株低度嗜盐嗜碱细菌Bacillus sp F26，能积累高水平过氧化氢酶（CAT）。对Bacillus sp F26发酵产过氧化氢酶的环境与营养条件的研究结果表明，其积累高水平过氧化氢酶的适宜环境条件为：温度37℃，种龄20-22h，接种量5％，装液量50mL／（250mL的摇瓶）。适宜发酵培养基组成（g／L）为：葡萄糖15，牛肉膏10，玉米浆10，酵母膏5，磷酸二氢钾1，氯化镁0．2，氯化钠50，碳酸钠10。采用上述条件进行摇瓶分批发酵实验，发酵20h，过氧化氢酶酶活达到16．32U／mL，细胞干重为4．12g／L。进一步研究发现，在对数生长后期（16h）添加2mmol／L的H2O2可以明显刺激产酶，在5L的发酵罐上进一步以指数速率方式流加H2O2，由于该流加方式可降低H2O2对细胞的毒害作用，过氧化氢酶酶活达到29．89U／mL，与分批发酵相比提高了92．8％。