鼻咽癌放疗导致海马损伤及认知功能障碍研究进展

放射性认知功能障碍是鼻咽癌患者放疗后常见并发症,主要与神经发生障碍、胶质细胞损伤、血管损伤和细胞因子表达异常有关。随着医学的进步,功能磁共振可以提示认知障碍的早期病变,屏蔽海马及药物治疗(美金刚、多奈哌齐、贝伐单抗等)等方法可改善放射性认知障碍。本文总结了放射性认知障碍的发病机制、影像学、放疗剂量学和治疗方法。     

影像学无创评估动脉弹性研究进展

动脉弹性反映血管收缩及舒张功能,是维持整体心血管系统活动的关键因素,并与心血管疾病的发生发展密切相关;早期评估动脉弹性有助于预防和治疗心血管疾病。本文就影像学检查无创评估动脉弹性研究进展进行综述。     

手术入路对食管胃结合部腺癌生存预后的影响

目的:评价经胸入路与经腹入路手术治疗SiewertⅡ/Ⅲ型食管胃结合部腺癌的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2004年1月至2014年11月手术治疗的168例SiewertⅡ/Ⅲ型胃食管结合部腺癌患者的临床资料,对其人群特征、手术并发症、总生存率及生存预后的影响因素进行分析。结果:两组临床资料具有可比性,经胸入路组较经腹入路组手术时间短,但术后肺部并发症多,住院时间长。两组R0切除率、5年生存率(59.7%vs.64.5%)差异无统计学意义。多因素分析显示,T分期(P=0.008)、肿瘤分化程度(P<0.001)是食管胃结合部腺癌患者生存预后的影响因素。结论:在SiewertⅡ/Ⅲ型食管胃结合部腺癌中,经腹入路与经胸入路的生存预后相当。     

医用臭氧对宫颈癌细胞增殖和迁移抑制作用的初步研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨医用臭氧是否通过核因子（NF）-κB信号通路调控上皮-间质细胞转化（EMT）相关蛋白表达抑制宫颈癌细胞增殖和迁移。 方法 选用人宫颈癌Hela细胞,分别设空白组、N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸（NAC）处理组、NAC和臭氧共处理组、臭氧组。细胞在臭氧处理前以60 mmol/mL NAC溶液预处理20 min,随后将细胞悬液与等体积半最大效应浓度（EC50）臭氧混合15 min。细胞计数试剂盒（CCK）-8和细胞集落实验检测细胞增殖抑制。二氯二乙酸酯（DCFH-DA）探针通过流式细胞术检测活性氧（ROS）水平。划痕实验和Transwell实验验检测臭氧处理后Hela细胞迁移能力。蛋白质印迹法检测NF-κB和EMT相关蛋白表达水平。 结果 臭氧处理后Hela细胞增殖能力下降,臭氧EC50为10 mg/mL,同时其迁移能力也下降。臭氧处理后,Hela细胞NF-κB和κB抑制性蛋白激酶（IKK）α表达及其磷酸化水平均降低,同时EMT相关波形蛋白（vimentin）和β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）表达水平降低,而NAC预处理可逆转臭氧的作用。 结论 医用臭氧可能通过抑制NF-κB信号通路下调vimentin、β-catenin抑制宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖和迁移,ROS在其中发挥重要作用,表明医用臭氧有望成为宫颈癌新的辅助治疗手段。     

康柏西普不同给药方案治疗DME的安全性和疗效评估

目的：评估康柏西普采用连续3次每月注射后改用按需治疗方案(3+PRN)和连续5次每月注射后改用按需治疗方案(5+PRN)治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)的安全性和疗效。

方法：回顾性病例对照研究。选取2019-12/2020-06期间于我院就诊的DME患者51例92眼纳入研究,据治疗方案分为3+PRN组(26例48眼)和5+PRN组(25例44眼)。治疗后至少随访12mo,观察两组患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和中心凹视网膜厚度(CMT)的变化情况,玻璃体腔注药次数及眼部不良事件发生率。

结果：随访12mo,3+PRN组、5+PRN组患者平均注药次数无差异(7.24±0.91次 vs 7.56±1.04次,P=0.117)。治疗后3、6、9、12mo,两组患者BCVA和CMT均较治疗前改善(均P<0.05),且治疗后6、9、12mo,5+PRN组患者BCVA和CMT均优于3+PRN组(均P<0.05)。随访期间,两组患者均未发生严重不良事件,两组患者眼部不良事件总发生率均为27%,所有不良事件给予对症处理后均好转。

结论：康柏西普3+PRN和5+PRN治疗方案均能安全有效地治疗DME,总注射次数相当,但5+PRN治疗方案较3+PRN治疗方案视力改善更佳,CMT下降更明显。     

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis with cannulated lag screw北大核心

BACKGROUND: The cannulated lag screw technique has many advantages in the treatment of spondylolysis, but there is still the risk of fracture and loosening of the internal fixation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biomechanical stability of cannulated lag screw treatment of spondylolysis by establishing L4-S normal model, spondylolysis model and cannulated lag screw treatment model of spondylolysis through three-dimensional finite element software. METHODS: One male healthy young soldier volunteer was selected. 3D CT scan was performed on the volunteer’s lumbar spine and sacral spine. The imaging data were obtained and saved in Dicom format. CT data were imported into Mimics research 21.0 software to initially establish a geometric model, and deviation analysis was carried out. The obtained model was output in STEP format. Three groups of models of normal L4-S segment, L5 bilateral isthmus and cannulated lag screw in the treatment of spondylolysis were established after imported into Solidworks 21.0 software. They were represented by A, B and C respectively. The biomechanical characteristics of the three groups of models were compared under five motion states, such as axial compression, flexion, extension, left bending, and left rotation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with models A and C, model B had the largest overall maximum displacement under the five working conditions of axial compression, flexion, extension, left bending, and left rotation. However, the overall maximum displacement of models A and C was not significantly different. (2) After removing the internal fixation in the model C, the maximum stress trend was similar to the model A. The stress of the model B was significantly higher than that of the models A and C during left bending and left rotation. (3) The overall maximum rotation angle of the three groups of models showed that the maximum rotation angle of the model B under the five working conditions was significantly larger than that of the models A and C. The models A and C were similar. The range of motion of the L4 vertebral body in the three groups did not change significantly. The range of motion of the L5 vertebral body in the model B was significantly higher than that in the models A and C, and it was more obvious in the left rotation and left bending. (4) These findings indicate that under the condition of physiological movement of the spine, the change trend of cannulated lag screw in the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis model is the same as that of normal model, which obtains good biomechanical stability and retains the normal mechanical characteristics of the spine, but excessive extension and rotation should be avoided immediately after operation. © 2023, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

多模态超声预测乳腺癌分子亚型研究进展

乳腺癌为高度异质性恶性肿瘤,其分子亚型通常分为Luminal A型、Luminal B型、人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）过表达型和三阴型（TN型）4种,生物学特征、治疗方案及预后均有所差异。常规超声联合超声造影、超声弹性成像及三维超声等多模态超声有助于预测乳腺癌分子亚型,为指导临床治疗、评估预后等提供参考。本文就多模态超声诊断技术预测乳腺癌分子亚型研究进展进行综述。     

血液学检查可早期筛查鼻咽癌放射性甲状腺功能减退高危患者

目的 分析鼻咽癌患者血液学检查结合临床因素与放射性甲状腺功能减退(甲减)的关系。方法 回顾性分析2015-2018年在中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院接受放疗的206例鼻咽癌患者,分析一般临床资料、血液学检查与甲减相关性,建立血液学预测模型。结果 单因素分析显示性别、N分期、甲状腺体积、平均剂量、V_20Gy、V_25Gy、V_30Gy、V_35Gy、V_40Gy、V_45Gy、纤维蛋白原含量、胆碱酯酶以及中性粒细胞计数与甲减发生率密切相关。多因素分析显示甲状腺体积、纤维蛋白原含量和胆碱酯酶是甲减的独立预测因素。结论 联合性别、N分期、甲状腺体积、甲状腺剂量参数、纤维蛋白原含量、胆碱酯酶、中性粒细胞百分比和中性粒细胞计数指标可预测甲减发生率(AUC=0.777)。