慢性粒细胞白血病合并宫颈腺癌1例并文献复习

目的 探讨慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)合并第二实体瘤病人的治疗方案和时机的选择。方法 系统分析1例CML合并宫颈腺癌病人的临床资料,并查阅参考相关文献。结果 对该病人初诊时CML(慢性期)予以伊马替尼治疗、手术联合化疗治疗宫颈腺癌,手术前后停用伊马替尼,术后4个月CML进展为急性淋巴细胞白血病(简称:急淋变),予以达沙替尼50 mg,每天2次,治疗1个月,获得主要分子学反应。结论 (1)CML合并第二实体瘤治疗时应权衡利弊,优先治疗危险度更高的疾病;(2)CML合并第二实体瘤治疗过程中,重点监测血象及骨髓象,评估病情,当CML出现疾病进展时,及时应用第二代酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;(3)CML合并宫颈腺癌的发生机制、以及宫颈腺癌是否影响CML进展尚不明确,有待进一步研究阐明。     

CAR-T治疗复发难治B细胞淋巴瘤的安全性及临床疗效分析

目的:探讨第3代CD19单靶点、CD20单靶点或CD19联合CD20双靶点嵌合型抗原受体T淋巴细胞(CAR-T)治疗复发难治B细胞淋巴瘤的安全性及临床疗效。方法:对14例CD20单抗及传统化疗治疗无效的B细胞淋巴瘤患者,预处理后5～7天输注自体特异性CD19和(或)CD20 CAR-T细胞,观察评价临床疗效及不良反应。结果:①14例患者中,1例因病情进展联合接受放化疗不能评价,其余13例可评价的患者采用CD19单靶点CAR-T细胞治疗,3例获得完全缓解,2例获得部分缓解,客观反应率为38.5%,完全缓解率为23.1%。1例接受单靶点CAR-T细胞治疗无效的患者,再次输注CD19联合CD20双靶点CAR-T细胞,获得完全缓解且维持疗效超过2年。②13例可评价的患者中,11例输注CAR-T细胞后发生1～2级细胞因子风暴,给予糖皮质激素或对症处理未造成不良后果。结论:CAR-T疗法为复发难治性终末期B细胞淋巴瘤提供了一种新的安全、有效的治疗方案;治疗过程中可能出现细胞因子风暴等可控的不良反应;对于单靶点CAR-T细胞治疗无效的患者可尝试采用双靶点CAR-T细胞治疗,有望获得完全缓解。     

异基因造血干细胞移植术后患者免疫状态评估与治疗调整

选取1例异基因造血干细胞移植术(Allo-HSCT)后患者,该患者移植后出现反复腹痛、腹泻及皮疹等症状,起初考虑为重度移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),并给予强免疫抑制治疗.后患者症状一直无明显改善,且出现严重肺部真菌感染.后来检查发现该患者调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)比例明显升高,故针对性的对免疫抑制药物进行减量直至停用,最终患者症状缓解,Treg细胞恢复至基本正常水平.因此,对于Allo-HSCT后患者出现类GVHD症状时不能盲目加量应用免疫抑制剂,而应综合患者临床表现、实验室检查,尤其是Treg细胞情况判断患者是否存在过度免疫抑制可能,并根据结果调整治疗方案.     

利妥昔单抗对B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者体液免疫的影响*

Objective To investigate the effect of Rituximab (RTX) on humoral immunity of patients with B cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). Methods Eighty-six B-NHL patients who were diagnosed with B-NHL in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into observation group and control group. Patients in the observation group received RTX combined with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) regimen, and patients in the control group received CHOP treatment. CD20+B lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulin as well as major subtypes were compared before and after treatment, and the incidence of infection was recorded. Results After 4 courses of treatment, CD20+ B lymphocytes occurred in peripheral blood of 14% (9/64) patients in the observation group, while the number was 100% (16/16) in control group. The levels of serum immunoglobulin, IgG, IgA and IgM in the observation group decreased significantly after chemotherapy, while no significant difference in Ig, IgG, IgA or IgM were witnessed before and after treatment in the control group. Incidence of hypo-immunoglobulinemia was significantly increased in the observation group after 4 courses of treatment compared with control group. Infection rate in the observation group was 45.71% and 81.25% of which were grade1-to 2 events. Incidence of infection in patients with low immunoglobulin increased significantly compared with those with normal immunoglobulin. Conclusions RTX treating B-NHL destroys the humoral immunity and increases the incidence of infection. Dynamical measurement of serum immunoglobulin and its major subtypes is necessary for prevention of infectious complications when receiving RTX.     

再生障碍性贫血转骨髓异常增生综合征患者1例诊疗过程分析及文献复习

目的 探索再生障碍性贫血(AA)患者向骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)转化的危险因素,并探讨诊疗过程.方法 收集1例由AA转化的MDS患者临床资料,并通过相关文献加以分析总结.结果 患者为45岁男性,6年前曾行血常规、骨髓细胞学及骨髓病理等检查明确诊断为AA.治疗上首先给予雄激素等促进造血但效果不佳,4个月后加用环孢素,治疗1年后患者就诊,此时血常规结果提示血红蛋白(Hb)及白细胞(WBC)较前已有所恢复,但由于血小板(PLT)一直无明显提升.为排除其他疾病可能,再次行骨髓细胞学检查但未发现异常.在随后的2年多随访时间里,虽然该患者定期检测环孢素浓度并规范调整治疗,但WBC和PLT始终未见好转,Hb甚至有下降趋势,而患者网织红细胞比例一直处于较高水平且逐渐升高.因此考虑患者的原发病可能已转化,故再次行骨髓细胞学检查,结果发现骨髓中三系均存在病态造血,最终患者诊断为MDS(AA继发).结论 对于长期口服免疫抑制剂治疗但效果不佳的AA患者,尤其是重度AA患者,应积极监测患者外周血及骨髓情况,若疾病转化则应尽早处理,有条件者也可考虑行造血干细胞移植治疗,避免其向其他克隆性疾病转化.同时,由于AA患者存在向MDS转化的风险,在做骨髓检查时可以通过MDS的流式细胞术(FCM)积分系统早期判断患者原发病是否已转化.