肝动脉结扎治疗外伤性肝破裂25例报告

我们自1978～1984年收治外伤性肝破裂25例(男23例,女2例;年龄6～54岁),均行肝动脉结扎术治愈。右肝近膈面破裂15例,肝脏脏面近肝门部或两叶均有破裂者10例,其中合并脑、肾、肠破裂者各1例。裂伤范围为3×5～7×14厘米。腹腔内积血400～3,000毫升。手术行肝右动脉结扎术15例,肝固有动脉结扎术10例,术后3～12天拔除肝周引流。结扎肝固有动脉者术后2例出现巩膜轻度黄染,6例转氨酶在120～325单位,一周后均转正常,住院11～45天,均痊愈出院。     

外伤性双侧肾蒂严重撕裂伤尸肾移植成功1例报告

1 病例报告患者男,34岁,煤矸石击伤腰部致胸_(12)～腰_5椎骨横突骨折创伤性休克.经输血补液抡救近10小时,休克纠正,但持续无尿,静脉推注速尿40mg仍无尿,做IVP检查双肾不见显影.CT检查示双肾蒂不规整,右肾上极破裂,提示双肾蒂损伤.立即手术探查,上腹部横切口,术中见左肾严重挫伤、肾动脉断裂、肾静脉栓塞,右肾上极碎裂,肾动脉、静脉均断裂,双肾呈暗紫色.最后诊断:胸_(12)～腰_5横突骨折,外伤性双侧肾蒂严重撕裂伤、创伤性休克、手术探查确诊无法修复,遂行双侧肾切除,术中病人呼吸心跳停止,经复苏     

外骨骼康复机器人改善脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢功能的临床研究

目的：观察应用下肢外骨骼康复机器人康复训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢功能的改善情况。方法：脑卒中偏瘫下肢运动功能障碍患者60例,分为机器人组和对照组各30例。对照组给予脑卒中常规康复治疗,机器人组在常规康复治疗的基础上,应用下肢外骨骼康复机器人进行康复训练。于训练前后通过 Fugl-Meyer运动及平衡功能评分、Holden步行功能分级对患者的下肢康复情况进行评价。结果：训练60d后,2组 Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分、Fugl-Meyer平衡功能评分、Holden步行功能分级均较治疗前明显提高（P＜0．05）,且机器人组提高幅度较对照组更显著（P＜0．05）。结论：应用下肢外骨骼康复机器人可改善脑卒中偏瘫患者的下肢功能,值得在临床上推广应用。     

物理治疗促进坐骨神经损伤再生的实验研究

目的周围神经损伤是临床常见疾病,评估物理治疗对坐骨神经损伤后功能恢复的影响,为临床治疗提供一定参考。方法雌性Wistar大鼠64只,体重252～365g,随机分为A、B、C、D4组,每组16只。各组分离右侧坐骨神经后,B、C、D组钳夹坐骨神经造成损伤模型,A组不进行钳夹作为对照。术后第2天,B组未治疗,C组采用单纯电刺激治疗,D组采用电刺激、分米波和红外线综合治疗。分别于治疗后0、7、14、30d行坐骨神经功能指数(sciatic nerve function index,SFI)、神经传导速度(motor nerve conduction velocity,MNCV)检测,并取材行组织形态学观察和透射电镜观察,取治疗后30d切片行轴突图像分析。结果治疗后0、7d,B、C、D组SFI显著高于A组(P<0.05),B、C、D组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后14、30d,D组SFI显著降低,30d时与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),B、C组SFI有所降低,但与A组比较差异仍有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后0、7、14d,B、C、D组MNCV显著低于A组(P<0.05),C、D组与B组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),14d时D组高于C组(P<0.05);治疗后30d,B、C组仍显著低于A组(P<0.05),但D组与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后0、7d,透射电镜观察各组仅见胶原蛋白和脂质成分;治疗后14、30d,B、C、D组可见大量雪旺细胞和再生神经纤维,D组最显著。治疗30d时轴突图像分析示,D组有髓神经纤维数、轴突直径及髓鞘厚度与A组比较差异均无统计学意义(P<0.05),有髓神经纤维数量和轴突直径显著高于B、C组(P<0.05),髓鞘厚度与C组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论物理治疗有促进大鼠损伤周围神经再生的作用。     

超短波及电刺激联合神经生长因子治疗大鼠坐骨神经损伤的疗效观察

目的 观察超短波及电刺激联合神经生长因子(NGF)治疗大鼠坐骨神经损伤的疗效.方法 共选取成年雌性Wistar大鼠60只,将其随机分为正常对照组、模型组、NGF组、物理因子组及联合治疗组.将模型组、NGF组、物理因子组及联合治疗组大鼠制成坐骨神经损伤模型.于术后次日开始,NGF组局部给予NGF注射治疗,物理因子组给予超短波及电刺激治疗,联合治疗组则在NGF注射基础上给予超短波及电刺激治疗.于术后次日及术后7,14,30 d时观察各组大鼠坐骨神经恢复情况,同时检测各组大鼠坐骨神经功能指数(SFI)及神经传导速度(NCV).结果 术后发现NGF组、物理因子组及联合治疗组坐骨神经SFI、NCV及神经再生情况均明显优于模型组,并且以联合治疗组的改善幅度尤为显著;在术后30 d时,该组大鼠SFI、NCV及受损神经轴突、髓鞘分布情况均与正常对照组一致,组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而NGF组、物理因子组上述指标改善均不及联合治疗组及正常对照组(P＜0.05).结论 在NGF注射基础上辅以超短波及电刺激治疗,能进一步促进大鼠坐骨神经损伤后的再生及功能恢复.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of ultrashortwave (USW) diathermy and electrical stimulation (ES) used in combination with nerve growth factor (NGF) in the treatment of experimental sciatic nerve injury.Methods Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, a model group, an NGF group,a physiotherapy group and a combined treatment group. A model of sciatic nerve injury was established in the latter four groups. Beginning on the 2nd day after the operation, no treatment was given in the model group, NGF was injected in the NGF group, diathermy and ES were administrated to rats in the physiotherapy group, and the combined treatment group was treated with USW diathermy, EW and NGF. Function, electrophysiology and morphology were evaluated at the 2nd, 7th, 14th and 30th days after the operation Results The average sciatic nerve function index (SFI), nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and nerve regeneration in the NGF, physiotherapy and combined treatment groups were significantly better than in the model group, with those in the combined treatment group improved to the greatest extent. At the 30th day there was no significant difference between the combined treatment group and the normal control group in terms of SFI, NCV, axon regeneration or myelin sheath thickness. The number of myelinated nerve fibers and the average axon diameter in the combined treatment group and normal control group were significantly higher than those in the model, NGF or physiotherapy group. Conclusions With NGF injection, additional application of USW diathermy and ES may significantly enhance the regeneration of the sciatic nerve and aid functional recovery after injury.     

下肢外骨骼康复机器人的研究与进展

背景:如何提高脑血管疾病所致中枢神经系统损伤患者的日常活动能力是康复医学亟待解决的问题,而外骨骼康复机器人的发展为解决这一问题提供了可能.目的:回顾下肢外骨骼康复机器人的研究进展,对下肢外骨骼康复机器人的设计与开发提出新的展望.方法:由第一作者检索1990/2008 PubMed数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)及万方数据库(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn)有关医用下肢外骨骼康复机器人的文献,英文检索词为"exoskeletons robot,central nerve damage,passive rehabilitation training,the man-machine integration interaction interface",中文检索词为"外骨骼机器人,中枢神经损伤,主被动康复训练,人机一体化交互接口".排除重复性研究.结果与结论:共纳入26篇文献归纳总结.外骨骼康复机器人研究报道较多,但如能解决体积小、轻便、低功耗、大功率输出等问题,同时具有响应快、低惯性、高精度和高安全性等性能,必将使神经损伤患者下肢功能最大化地恢复成为可能.     

20 W微波照射骨骼肌卫星细胞的增殖与分化：兔骨折内固定模型研究

BACKGROUND:Low power microwave irradiation has been shown to promote the healing of fractures with internal fixation; however, its action mechanisms on the skeletal muscle around the fracture site are unclear. OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of low power microwave irradiation (20 W) on the proliferation ability of skeletal muscle satellite cells in a rabbit model of femoral fracture with internal fixation. METHODS:Forty male New Zealand rabbits were used to establish femoral fracture followed by internal fixation models, and then were equally randomized into spontaneous recovery and microwave treatment groups. Low power microwave irradiation (20 W) was given for 30 consecutive days in the microwave treatment group on day 4 after modeling, while no microwave irradiation was given in the spontaneous recovery group. Rabbit thigh muscles adjacent to the implant were obtained to isolate skeletal muscle satellite cells. Immunohistochemical staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining and quantitative RT-PCR were used to evaluate the ability of the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSON: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that there was no significant difference in the morphology and histology of skeletal muscle tissues between the spontaneous recovery and microwave treatment groups. However, the relative mRNA expression of MyoG in the cultured skeletal muscle satellite cells in vitro and the number of α-sarcometric actin-postive cells in the microwave treatment group were significantly increased compared with the spontaneous recovery group (P < 0.05). The proliferative ability of skeletal muscle satellite cells was inhibited at the early stage, but not at the later stage. Our results suggest that low power microwave irradiation (20 W) can promote the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells around the implant in a rabbit model of femoral fracture with internal fixation, and thereby confirm the efficacy and safety of low power microwave irradiation for the internal fixation of fractures. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

自体回移肌卫星细胞对慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征致骨骼损伤后的修复作用

目的探讨自体回移成年兔肌卫星细胞对慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致的骨骼肌损伤后的修复作用。 方法24只新西兰大白兔随机分为模型移植组、模型对照组和移植对照组,每组8只。模型移植组和模型对照组建立慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征模型,模型移植组造模后移植肌卫星细胞;移植对照组不建模,仅移植肌卫星细胞。体外分离模型移植组和移植对照组比目鱼肌来源的肌卫星细胞,经体外一定程度扩增和鉴定,用DAPI标记后回移到原比目鱼肌,观察移植后肌卫星细胞在体内的自我增殖和分化情况。并采用HE染色观察移植前、后模型移植组受损肌肉的形态学变化。 结果回移相同数量的肌卫星细胞后第28天,模型移植组的肌卫星细胞数量显著增多,而移植对照组无明显变化。从病理切片看到,慢性压迫结束即刻,无论移植对照组或模型对照组,其压迫侧比目鱼肌的病理切片均显示较大面积的肌纤维坏死、间质纤维坏死、少量炎症细胞浸润;移植对照组的骨骼肌形态正常。肌卫星细胞自体移植后第28天,病理切片显示模型移植组的受损组织已明显修复,只见少量纤维化;模型对照组无明显改变,纤维化已稳定;移植对照组的骨骼肌形态正常。 结论慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征异常增高的压力解除后,肌卫星细胞体外一定程度扩增后自体回移,能提高受损骨骼肌的修复能力。     

牵引结合微波治疗神经根型颈椎病

目的:观察牵引结合微波治疗神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:188例神经根型颈椎病患者分为3组,牵引组60例采用单纯颈椎牵引治疗;微波组60例采用单纯微波颈部辐射治疗;综合组68例2种方法联合治疗。采用数字疼痛评分(NRS)、颈部残障指数(NDI)、中医病症诊断疗效标准评定治疗前后效果。结果:治疗20d后,NRS及NDI评分3组均较治疗前明显下降,且综合组低于其它2组(均P0.05);牵引组NDI评分低于微波组。3组临床疗效比较,治愈率及总有效率综合组牵引组微波组(均P0.05)。结论:牵引结合微波治疗能明显提高神经根型颈椎病患者的临床疗效,且安全无不良反应。     

上海骨科慢性病综合康复的全科服务团队模式建设探讨

上海市徐汇区徐家汇社区卫生服务中心试点将康复整合进初级卫生保健全科医疗体系中。本文讨论这一体系的特点、存在的问题以改进方向。