中国少数民族中小学生视力不良特征分析

了解中国26个少数民族7~18岁学生视力不良现状及特征,为少数民族学生制定具有针对性的视力防控与治理措施提供依据.方法 使用2014年中国学生体质健康调研中26个少数民族的80 766名中小学生视力不良数据,采用x2检验进行组间比较.结果 少数民族中小学生视力不良率为39.17%,各学段女生视力不良率均高于男生,性别间差异有统计学意义(x2=1 127.28,P<0.01).高中(16~18岁)女生视力不良率最高,达63.13%;小学低年级(7~9岁)男生视力不良率最低,为20.50%.各民族视力不良检出率在14.68%~62.94%之间,其中视力不良检出率最高的前5个民族分别为藏族(62.94%)、壮族(62.39%)、朝鲜族(57.92%)、回族(56.48%)、纳西族(51.35%),最低的前5个民族为水族(14.68%)、佤族(17.96)、柯尔克孜族(18.30%)、黎族(19.22%)、哈尼族(22.30%),民族间差异有统计学意义(x2=7 910.34,P<0.01).结论 中国26个少数民族中小学生视力水平民族间差异明显.在针对藏、壮等重点民族学生干预的同时,应注重性别差异,加强全民族学生的视力防控与治理.     

IVF周期中高雌、孕激素水平对着床期子宫整合素αvβ3表达及子宫内膜容受性的影响

目的 探讨IVF超促排卵过程中,超生理剂量的雌、孕激素对着床期整合素αvβ3表达的影响,从而推测IVF超促排卵所致的高雌、孕激素对子宫内膜容受性的影响.方法 2012年5月至2013年10月于云南省第一人民医院生殖—科行IVF的33例因卵巢过度刺激综合征或过高孕酮水平取消新鲜周期胚胎移植的不孕症妇女为研究组,根据HCG日雌孕激素水平将研究对象分为3组:高E2组(E2≥5 210 pg/mL、P＜ 1.05 ng/mL);高P组(P≥1.05 ng/mL、E2＜5 210 pg/mL);高E2并高P组(P≥1.05 ng/mL、E2≥5 210 pg/mL),于取卵后7～8d用宫腔负压吸管(Pipe11e管)取内膜组织.对照组为11例正常妇女,于超声监测排卵后7～8 d同法取内膜,采用免疫组化SP法和组织学积分H-score法对整合素α v β 3在种植窗期子宫内膜中的表达进行定位和半定量分析,比较不同雌孕激素水平在着床期对整合素αvβ3表达的影响,从而推测IVF超促排卵中高雌、孕激素对子宫内膜容受性的影响.结果 种植窗期高E2组、高P组、高E2并高P组患者与对照组比较整合素α vβ 3的表达差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 仅仅依靠整合素αvβ3的表达来推测子宫内膜的容受性是不可靠的.     

腹部内生场热疗联合化疗治疗恶性腹水的临床研究

目的:评价腹部内生场热疗联合化疗治疗恶性腹水的近期疗效及毒副反应。方法:将2015年1月至2016年12月期间江门市人民医院收治的98例恶性腹水的患者按随机分为两组,观察组(50例),采用化疗结合腹部内生场热疗;对照组(48例),采用单纯化疗,比较两组近期效果、毒副反应以及卡氏百分法(KPS)评分的情况。结果:与对照组比较,观察组腹水控制有效率以及KPS评分提高率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);肢端感觉异常及面部感觉异常的发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹部内生场热疗联合化疗治疗恶性腹水近期效果显著,不良反应少,是晚期肿瘤姑息治疗的一种好手段。     

太空舱式全身热疗治疗恶性肿瘤482例临床总结

目的 评估全身热疗在恶性肿瘤治疗中的作用和安全性.方法 总结2003年7月至2011年4月我科运用全身热疗治疗482例恶性肿瘤癌患者的治疗情况,分析其中联合艾迪注射液治疗中晚期癌症113例、联合帕米磷酸钠治疗乳腺癌骨转移31例、联合化疗治疗晚期大肠癌41例的疗效并对低龄儿童进行全身热疗的安全性等方面进行总结.结果 全身热疗联合艾迪注射液能有效地提高晚期癌症患者的生活质量;联合帕米磷酸钠可明显缓解乳腺癌骨转移患者的疼痛,减少骨不良事件的发生;联合化疗治疗晚期大肠癌能使41%患者肿瘤得到部分缓解,19%稳定无变化;对1例3.9岁患者实施4次全身热疗均获得成功.结论 全身热疗能够明显改善恶性肿瘤患者的生活质量、止痛效果肯定、增强化疗药物的敏感性疗效提高,同时安全性高、副反应较低,值得进一步研究.     

30例心肌梗塞的护理体会

目的:探讨有效抢救心肌梗塞的方法及护理.方法:及时改善缺氧、止痛、溶栓.在30例急性心梗患者中,抢救成功25例,死亡5例.结论:系列及时的内科治疗可提高心肌梗塞的治愈率,降低死亡率,严密观察病情及细心的护理是抢救成功的关键.     

2013年北京市一起有麻疹疫苗免疫史人群中麻疹暴发疫情调查

2013年北京市发生一起麻疹暴发疫情,5例病例既往均接种过2剂及以上麻疹疫苗,最近一次接种日期距发病时间为8~21年;急性期血清麻疹IgM均为阴性,2例病例恢复期血清麻疹IgG水平比急性期有4倍以上升高,咽拭子核酸检测均为麻疹野病毒H1基因型。继发性免疫失败可能是此起疫情中有麻疹疫苗免疫史人群发病的主要原因,病原学标本核酸检测在继发性免疫失败人群麻疹病例确诊中具有重要作用。     

内生场深部热疗治疗恶性胸腹水患者的临床护理策略

目的:探讨内生场深部热疗治疗恶性胸腹水患者的临床护理策略。方法:选取2015年10月~2017年6月我院收治的恶性胸腹水行深部热疗患者160例,对所有患者行恶性胸腹水护理干预,比较分析患者在护理干预前后的SAS,SDS以及生活质量量表(QLQ-C 30)的评分情况。结果:患者护理干预后SAS和SDS评分,功能领域、症状领域和总体健康3个维度评分与护理干预前相比均有所下降,护理前后评分相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对恶性胸腹水患者采用内生场深部热疗中,护理干预可改善患者的心理状态和生活水平,具有临床推广价     

尿流式有形成分及干化学分析在尿路感染诊断中的应用评价

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of automated urine formed elements analyzer and/or urine dipstick analyzer for examination of urinary formed elements in screening urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods 148 fresh midstream clear-catch urine samples from the UTI patients and 284 fresh midstream clear-catch urine samples from non-UTI subjects were selected. Bacteria culture was performed for bacterial colony counting and identification. Bacteria counts ( BACT), yeast-like fungus and WBC were performed by UF-looOi automated urine formed elements analyzer. Leukocyte esterase test (LEU) and nitrite test (NIT) were performed by URISYS 2400 urine dipstick analyzer. We evaluated data obtained from urine dipstick analyzer, UF-1000i and combination of UF-1000i with urine dipstick analyzer and the results was compared with those obtained from quantitative bacterial culture. Then we evaluated the sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy. Results Among the 148 patients with UTI, the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture was 73.6% (109/148), the positive rate of LEU and NIT detected by dipstick test 26. 4% (39/148).There was significantly statistical difference between bacterial culture and strip test(χ2 = 55.68 ,P < 0. 05 ). The positive rate of urine flow cytometry by UF-1000i with either positive of BACT and WBC was 91.2%(135/148), which was higher than the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture. There was significant difference between two methods (χ2 = 14. 70, P < 0. 05 ). The positive rate of anyone positive among BACT, WBC, LEU and NIT was 94. 6% (140/148) when detected with combination of dipstick test and UF-1000i, which was higher than the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture. And there was significant difference between two methods (χ2 = 20. 45, P < 0. 05 ). The sensitivity of dipstick test was low (26. 4% ,39/148 ), and specificity was high ( 99. 3%, 282/284 ) . The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of BACT detected by UF-1000i in diagnosing urinary tract infection were 92. 6% ( 137/148 ), 39. 8% ( 113/284 ). 44. 5% ( 137/308 ) and 91.1% ( 113/124 ), respectively. If the dipstick test was combined with UF-1000i, the sensitivity, negative predictive value, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy were 98.0% ( 145/148 ), 97.1% ( 100/103 ). 35.2% (100/284) ,44. 1% (145/329) and 56. 7% (245/432), respectively. Conclusions The combination of urine dipstick test and automated urine formed elements analyzer UF-1000i plays an important role in early diagnosis of UTI. And it has significant value in diagnosis of UTI, especially for the patients with negative bacterial cultures of urine sample.