马华教授采用益气聪明汤联合“老十针”的异病同治经验

益气聪明汤具有补中益气、升举清阳、疏风散热的功效,善于治疗因中气不足、清阳不升所致风热上扰、眩晕、耳鸣、视物不清等症状;“老十针”是由王乐亭教授首创,具有健脾益气、理气和血、升清降浊、调理肠胃之功效。马华教授系山西医科大学第二医院主任医师、硕士生导师、山西省名中医,从事中医临床科教研工作40余年,山西省卫生健康委获准成立“山西省名中医马华工作室”。     

我国三级医疗机构营养科专业人才队伍情况调查

目的调查分析我国三级医疗机构营养科专业人才队伍情况，提出针对性建议。方法从国家医疗质量管理与控制信息网选取1 283家三级医疗机构调研临床营养专业技术人员数据，应用频数、构成比等进行描述性统计分析。 结果三级医疗机构营养科专业技术人员数量不足且分布不均衡，高层次人才比例偏低。医床比1:556.91，技床比1:841.30，医技比1.51:1，护床比1:1 031.31，均未达到文件标准，营养科医师严重缺编。结论应加强营养科专业人员教育和高层次人才培养，建立规范化培养体系，明确营养科职称评定和岗位技能考核制度，不断扩增专业人才数量，提升临床营养诊疗能力。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

体验教具在2型糖尿病患者健康教育中的应用

目的探讨体验教具对2型糖尿病患者血糖及自护行为的影响。方法将84例新诊断的2型糖尿病患者按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各42例,对照组行常规健康教育,观察组采用体验教具进行健康教育,干预前后测评患者血糖及自护行为能力。结果干预后观察组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白值显著低于对照组(P 0. 05,P 0. 01),自护行为能力中的饮食控制、规律运动、遵医嘱服药、血糖监测、足部护理、高低血糖处理得分显著高于对照组(P 0. 05,P 0. 01)。结论体验教具的应用可有效改善2型糖尿病患者血糖水平,提高患者的自护行为能力。     

Alport综合征误诊为IgM肾病1例

<正>1临床资料患者,女,12岁,因反复血尿、蛋白尿9年入院。9年前体检时发现镜下血尿,尿常规镜检红细胞0～160/HP,变形红细胞100%。近7年前发现尿蛋白(+),24h尿蛋白定量最高1639mg。无水肿、高血压等不适。4年前于南京某医院就诊,查尿蛋白(+),红细胞(++),