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1.
Tamoxifen prevents recurrence of breast cancer and is suggested for preventive risk-reducing therapy. Tamoxifen reduces mammographic density, a proxy for therapy response, but little is known about its effects in remodelling normal breast tissue. Our study, a substudy within the double-blinded dose-determination trial KARISMA, investigated tamoxifen-specific changes in breast tissue composition and histological markers in healthy women. We included 83 healthy women randomised to 6 months daily intake of 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1 mg of tamoxifen or placebo. The groups were combined to “no dose” (0-1 mg), “low-dose” (2.5-5 mg) or “high-dose” (10-20 mg) of tamoxifen. Ultrasound-guided biopsies were collected before and after tamoxifen exposure. In each biopsy, epithelial, stromal and adipose tissues was quantified, and expression of epithelial and stromal Ki67, oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) analysed. Mammographic density using STRATUS was measured at baseline and end-of-tamoxifen-exposure. We found that different doses of tamoxifen reduced mammographic density and glandular-epithelial area in premenopausal women and associated with reduced epithelium and increased adipose tissue. High-dose tamoxifen also decreased epithelial ER and PR expressions in premenopausal women. Premenopausal women with the greatest reduction in proliferation also had the greatest epithelial reduction. In postmenopausal women, high-dose tamoxifen decreased the epithelial area with no measurable density decrease. Tamoxifen at both low and high doses influences breast tissue composition and expression of histological markers in the normal breast. Our findings connect epithelial proliferation with tissue remodelling in premenopausal women and provide novel insights to understanding biological mechanisms of primary prevention with tamoxifen.  相似文献   
2.
Background and aimsPreserved nutritional status in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is important but lacks an effective evaluation method. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of objective nutritional indexes (ONIs) in LVO patients after EVT that were validated by studies in patients with other vascular diseases receiving intervention therapy and to develop a functional prediction nomogram for better stroke management.Methods and resultsLVO patients undergoing EVT from 2016 to 2020 were retrospectively enrolled and randomly classified into training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. The ONIs, including the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score, Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), were calculated. A stepwise logistic regression model for 3-month poor functional outcome based on the smallest Akaike information criterion was employed to develop the nomogram, and the nomogram's determination and clinical use were tested by area under the curve (AUC), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis and compared with three earlier prognostic models. A total of 418 patients were enrolled. The CONUT independently related and increased the risk of 3-month poor functional outcome with an OR of 1.387 (95% CI: 1.133–1.698, p = 0.002). A nomogram including CONUT and other seven factors (AIC = 274.568) was developed. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.847 (95% CI: 0.799–0.894) and 0.836 (95% CI: 0.755–0.916) in the training and validation cohort, respectively, with better predictive performance and clinical utility than previous models.ConclusionThe CONUT independently related to the poor functional outcome, and the newly established nomogram reliably predicted the functional outcome in LVO patients after EVT.  相似文献   
3.
《Pancreatology》2022,22(8):1175-1180
BackgroundHepatic steatosis has been described as a common finding in adults following total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) but it is unknown if this occurs in children and adolescents.ObjectivesTo define the frequency of post-TPIAT hepatic steatosis in a sample of children and adolescents and to identify clinical predictors of incident steatosis post-TPIAT.MethodsIn this prospective study, consecutive participants at least 1-month post-TPIAT underwent a liver MRI with proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and blood draw at our pediatric academic medical center between April 2021 and January 2022. Comparison clinical pre-TPIAT liver MRI or ultrasound and insulin use and graft function data were extracted from the medical record. T-tests were used for the comparison of means across continuous variables between participants with and without post-TPIAT steatosis.ResultsA total of 20 participants (mean: 13 ± 4 years; 12 female) were evaluated. Mean liver PDFF at research MRI was 7.4 ± 6.2% (range: 2–25%). Seven participants (35%) had categorical hepatic steatosis (PDFF>5%) post-TPIAT, five of whom had pre-TPIAT steatosis, reflecting a 13% (2/15; 95% CI: 2–40%) incidence of post-TPIAT steatosis. Participant characteristics were not significantly different between subgroups with and without post-TPIAT steatosis. Mean PDFF at research MRI was not different between graft function subgroups (7.5% optimal/good vs. 7.3% marginal/failure; p = .96).ConclusionOur study shows a moderate prevalence but low incidence of hepatic steatosis in a small sample of children and adolescents post-TPIAT. This study raises questions about a causal relationship between TPIAT and hepatic steatosis.  相似文献   
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5.
目的 探讨骨质疏松症患者血清硫化氢(H2S)的变化及临床意义。方法 收集骨质疏松症患者128例作为骨质疏松组,另选取腰背部疼痛但排除骨质疏松的患者110例作为对照组。采用双能X线骨密度仪检测腰椎(L1~4)和双侧股骨颈骨密度,亚洲人骨质疏松自我筛查工具(OSTA)筛查骨质疏松风险。采集空腹静脉血5 mL,检测血清H2S、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、血磷、血钙、血清骨钙素、甲状旁腺素(iPTH)、Ⅰ型原胶原N-端前肽(P1NP)、Ⅰ型胶原C-末端肽交联(P1CP)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)等骨代谢标志物水平。Pearson相关分析骨质疏松症患者血清H2S与骨代谢标志物的相关性。结果 与对照组相比,骨质疏松组患者腰椎骨密度、股骨颈骨密度、OSTA指数和血清H2S浓度下降,血清ALP、BALP、骨钙素、P1NP、P1CP、iPTH水平下降,β-CTX水平升高(P<0.05)。骨质疏松症患者血清H2S与ALP、BALP、血清骨钙素、P1NP、P1CP、iPTH呈正相关,与β-CTX呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论 骨质疏松症患者血清H2S水平出现明显下降,检测H2S有助于评估患者骨代谢水平。  相似文献   
6.
An ovine iliac vein thrombosis model was devised to test a wall-contacting rotational thrombectomy device. Thrombosis was successfully induced in 9 sheep with an average clot length of 31 mm ± 12 and >60% vessel occlusion on angiography. The thrombus was subsequently removed, maintaining normal intraoperative pulmonary arterial pressure (5.9 mm Hg ± 3.6) and complete distal reperfusion after thrombectomy. Additionally, the sheep were without signs of vascular trauma or embolic complications on gross necropsy and histopathologic analysis. The findings from this study support the use of an ovine iliac deep vein thrombosis model for testing of a lower extremity thrombectomy device.  相似文献   
7.
阿尔茨海默病是一种进行性且不可逆转的神经系统疾病,由于视网膜和中枢神经系统有相似的胚胎起源和生理特征,眼科检查可提供简单无创的诊断方法。光学相干断层扫描技术(OCT)能够精确地测量视网膜各个组织层面的厚度,以评估视网膜的退行性改变,光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)可以提供高分辨率三维成像,从而更直观地检测视网膜血管的变化,间接地反映脑神经元和血管的病理特征。就OCT测量视网膜厚度及OCTA测量视网膜血流变化在阿尔茨海默病诊断中的研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   
8.
目的 测定儿童1型糖尿病(T1DM)患者骨密度(BMD),分析探讨骨密度变化的影响因素。方法 选取于2018年1月—2021年6月于我院收治的儿童1型糖尿病患者76例,收集性别、年龄、发病年龄、身高、体重、BMI、病程等基本资料,检测空腹血糖、空腹C肽、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血碳酸氢根(HCO3-)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP),应用双能X线吸收测定法测定骨密度,获取Z值。结果 76例儿童1型糖尿病患者骨密度Z值为-0.93±2.14。HbA1c、病程与骨密度Z值呈负相关,差异具有统计学意义(分别B=-0.334,P<0.001;B=-0.191,P=0.017)。结论 儿童1型糖尿病患者骨密度低于健康儿童,血糖控制不良、病程长是1型糖尿病儿童骨密度减低的危险因素。  相似文献   
9.
目的 观察骨搬移术后应用双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)检查及数字化X线摄影术(DR)的价值。方法 对19例因胫骨外伤致感染性骨不连及大面积骨缺损接受胫骨搬移术患者分别于术后2、4、6及8周、停止搬移即刻、停止搬移后4、8周、去外固定架前4周及去外固定架即刻行DEXA和DR检查,观察不同时间点胫骨搬移区新生骨痂(BMD新生骨痂)和截骨上下端原骨质骨密度(BMD截骨上下端)及二者比率,分析DR图像中胫骨新生骨痂的形态及填充量。结果 胫骨搬移术术后各时间点BMD新生骨痂、BMD截骨上下端及BMD比率总体差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。BMD新生骨痂及BMD比率在术后2周分别为(0.07±0.01) g/cm2及(5.56±1.24)%,且均随术后时间延长而升高(P均<0.05);BMD截骨上下端在术后2周为(1.21±0.07) g/cm2,随时间延长而降低,去外固定架前4周降至最低(P均<0.05)、去外固定架即刻有所升高但与前者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DR显示,术后4周胫骨搬移始区见新生骨痂影,随时间延长而呈多形态变化;术后2周胫骨搬移区未见新生骨痂填充,至停止搬移即刻新生骨痂填充量达25%,停止搬移4、8周达50%、75%,去外固定架前4周基本达100%。结论 DEXA能动态监测骨搬移术后搬移区新生骨痂及截骨端原骨质BMD;DR可显示新生骨痂形态变化;骨搬移术后联合应用二者有助于评估预后。  相似文献   
10.
目的 探讨高度近视患者行飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE) 、飞秒激光制瓣的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)以及准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)术后不同时间不同直径范围内角膜光密度的对比及变化情况,及其与术中切削深度、切削厚度的相关性分析。方法 前瞻性队列研究。收集在青岛大学附属医院眼科就诊并进行屈光手术矫正的高度近视患者82例(164眼),按手术方式分为SMILE组30例(60眼);FS-LASIK组27例(54眼);LASEK组25例(50眼),于术前、术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月以及术后12个月行Pentacam三维眼前节分析系统检查,采用SPSS 22.0统计软件对术后同一时间不同术式角膜0~6 mm、>6~12 mm、整体直径范围内的角膜光密度采用随机区组方差分析,对术中切削深度、切削厚度与角膜光密度的关系采用Pearson相关分析。结果 术后1个月和术后6个月,不同组别患眼在同一直径范围内的角膜光密度相比差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);术后3个月,LASEK组患眼的角膜光密度在0~6 mm、>6~12 mm、整体直径范围内均显著低于SMILE组,在>6~12 mm、整体直径范围内均显著低于FS-LASIK组(均为P<0.05);术后12个月,SMILE组患眼在0~6 mm、>6~12 mm、total直径范围内的角膜光密度均显著低于其他两组(均为P<0.05)。术后3个月,0~6 mm、>6~12 mm、total直径范围内的角膜光密度与术中角膜切削深度、切削厚度均呈正相关(均为P<0.05);术后12个月,各直径范围内的角膜光密度与术中角膜切削深度、切削厚度均呈负相关(均为P<0.05)。结论 高度近视患者在行激光角膜屈光术后的早期修复中,SMILE术式的角膜透明性稍差,而LASEK术式则相对更佳,但SMILE术后患眼长期的角膜透明性更佳。角膜光密度与术中角膜的切削深度以及切削厚度密切相关。  相似文献   
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