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1.
目的 探讨纠正低蛋白血症对减少抗结核药物性肝损伤(DILI)发生的作用。方法 2019 年3月~2021 年3 月汕头市中心医院感染病科收治的56例肺结核合并低蛋白血症患者被分为两组,每组28例。给予两组2HRZE/4HR抗结核治疗,另给予观察组输注人血白蛋白纠正低蛋白血症,对照组仅接受抗结核治疗,两组治疗时间均为6个月。使用全自动生化分析仪检测血清白蛋白(ALB)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和总胆红素(TBIL)水平,采用化学发光法检测血清总胆汁酸(TBA)水平。在DILI发生时,给予护肝治疗。在治疗结束时,评定临床转归,进行痰培养和肺部CT检查。结果 观察组结核治愈有效率为92.9%,显著高于对照组的71.4%(P<0.05);观察组痰菌转阴率为91.3%,显著高于对照组的(66.7%,P<0.05),肺部病变吸收率为89.3%,显著高于对照组的64.3%(P<0.05);在治疗期间,观察组DILI发生率为25.0%,显著低于对照组的53.6%(P<0.05);在DILI发生时,7例观察组血清ALB水平为(35.2±4.9)g/L,显著高,15例对照组【(29.6±4.9)g/L g/L,P<0.05】,而血清TBIL水平为(33.6±5.2)μmol/L,显著低于对照组【(45.7±16.6)μmol/L,P<0.05】;在护肝治疗后,观察组血清AST、ALT、ALP、TBIL和TBA水平分别为(39.4±9.8)U/L、(35.1±10.8)U/L、(98.6±16.2)U/L、(17.4±4.6)μmol/L和(81.3±13.7)μmol/L,均显著低于对照组【分别为(64.8±9.9)U/L、(78.0±13.8)U/L、(133.7±22.9)U/L、(26.5±6.8)μmol/L和(96.9±16.4)μmol/L,P<0.05】。结论 补充人血白蛋白及时纠正低蛋白血症,对于肺结核合并低蛋白血症患者能够提高结核治愈率,降低药物性肝损害发生率,值得进一步研究。  相似文献   
2.
Tuberculosis is a major healthcare burden in India, which accounts for the maximum number of cases worldwide. Due to its non-specific features, peritoneal tuberculosis has been dubbed as the great mimicker of various other abdominal pathologies. This case series highlights the importance of incidental intra operative detection of peritoneal tuberculosis in cases being operated for renal pathologies. Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma is bound to occur when surgeon is faced with such an unexpected finding. Incidental peritoneal tuberculosis was defined as peritoneal tubercular lesions (ascites or tubercles) detected intraoperatively in patients being operated for non-tuberculosis related indications and no prior preoperative suspicion of abdominal tuberculosis. We here review 3 cases with different renal pathologies and no prior history or exposure to tuberculosis in which intraperitoneal tuberculosis was encountered incidentally at the time of surgery. Case 1 was a suspected case of right renal cell carcinoma and underwent right robotic nephron sparing surgery. Case 2 underwent robotic assisted lap simple nephrectomy for a right nonfunctioning kidney due to obstructive ureteric calculus. Case 3 was a suspected case of left upper tract urothelial carcinoma who underwent robotic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision. In all 3 cases, on encountering the peritoneal lesions, an intraoperative decision to continue with the proposed surgery was made after frozen section biopsies from the multiple peritoneal and omental deposits revealed no malignant cells. Histopathology of these lesions in all 3 cases revealed caseating granulomas consistent with a diagnosis of disseminated peritoneal tuberculosis. None of the resected specimen had features suggestive of tuberculosis. ATT was started and on follow up the patients are doing well. Peritoneal tuberculosis although uncommon is not a rare presentation of active tuberculosis. Surgeons on encountering such lesions during non-related surgeries should always have a high suspicion of tuberculosis. Despite the existing literature favoring abandoning the procedure in such situations, we successfully completed the proposed surgeries.  相似文献   
3.
结核病是严重危害儿童健康的重要传染性疾病,儿童结核病的发病率影响未来成人结核患者的数量,重视儿童结核病对疾病控制具有重要意义,要控制和消灭结核病,必须十分重视儿童结核病的防治,然而不规范的治疗将直接影响治疗效果,该文就儿童结核病的合理用药进行阐述。  相似文献   
4.
目的 了解毕节市敏感肺结核患者家庭疾病灾难性支出(CTC)及影响因素,为降低患者家庭负担提供政策建议。方法 以2020年5—6月期间毕节市登记并在调查时已成功治疗的敏感患者为调查对象,通过概率比例抽样对其进行问卷访谈。灾难性支出采用率描述,用χ2检验和二分类logistic回归分析其原因。结果 毕节市309例肺结核患者家庭总自付费用 M ( P 25, P 75)为5 169.31(2 098.52,14 778.49)元;直接医疗费用、直接非医疗费用和间接费用 M ( P ? P ?分别为1 688.15(987.31,3 337.50)、720.00(200.00,1 425.00)和1 200.00(0.00,8 390.00),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=63.545, P <0.001)。309例患者家庭CTC发生率为52.43%;其中,家庭年收入较低( OR =25.740,95% CI :9.676~68.473)、住院( OR =3.515,95% CI :1.782~6.933)、确诊延迟( OR =2.492,95% CI :1.297~4.789)是导致其发生CTC的危险因素( P 均<0.05)。结论 毕节市肺结核患者经济负担以间接费用为主,CTC发生率较为普遍。其中,家庭年收入低、住院和确诊延迟患者是其重要危险因素,可针对性地加强患者健康教育、落实医疗机构诊疗规范以及通过政府和社会给予患者补偿,共同降低其疾病负担减少CTC情况。  相似文献   
5.
目的 探讨骨关节结核的临床特点。方法 对北京协和医院2013年1月至2020年12月住院治疗的68例骨关节结核患者进行回顾性分析。结果 68例骨关节结核患者中,男42例(61.8%)、女26例(38.2%),中位年龄56岁。病原学诊断39例(57.4%)、临床诊断29例(42.6%)。从发病至确诊的病程中位时间为4个月。局部疼痛和功能障碍(86.8%)是最常见的临床表现,其次是发热(47.1%)、消瘦(36.8%)和盗汗(13.2%)。27例(39.7%)合并其他部位活动性结核。单一部位骨关节结核51例(75.0%)、多发骨关节结核17例(25.0%),胸椎和腰椎是最常见受累部位。92.7%的患者结核T细胞检测阳性。患者骨组织活检标本提示上皮样肉芽肿伴/不伴坏死,75.0%的患者组织PCR检测结核分枝杆菌DNA阳性,55.1%的患者组织分枝杆菌培养阳性,20.0%的患者组织抗酸染色阳性。相较单一部位骨关节结核,消瘦患者出现多发骨关节结核的风险是无消瘦患者的5.333倍(P=0.013)。结论 骨关节结核诊断困难,结核T细胞检测是有效的鉴别手段,组织活检是确诊的关键,PCR检测结核分枝杆菌DNA阳性率最高。多发骨关节结核并不罕见,尤其是消瘦患者,建议进行全面的影像评估避免漏诊。  相似文献   
6.
7.
[摘要]?目的?探讨GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测技术在肺结核诊断中的应用价值。方法?以2020年7月—2021年6月在天门市第一人民医院治疗的疑似肺结核患者107例作为研究对象,所有患者均留取痰标本,进行痰涂片、痰培养、GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测、比例法药敏试验。以培养法和比例法药敏结果为金标准,计算GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)及其对于利福平耐药性检测的灵敏度、特异度、与金标准的的一致率。结果?107例疑似肺结核患者中,痰涂片阳性39例(36.45%),涂片阴性68例(63.55%)。以痰培养结果为金标准,GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测TBM的灵敏度为85.42%(41/48),特异度为88.14%(52/59)。GeneXpert MTB/RIF与痰培养诊断一致率为86.92%(93/107);进一步分析,GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测痰涂片阳性患者MTB的灵敏度为97.22%(35/36),特异度为33.33%(1/3),检测涂片阴性患者MTB的灵敏度为50.00%(6/12),特异度为91.07%(51/56)。以比例法药敏结果为金标准,确认痰培养阳性36例患者中利福平耐药有4例(11.11%),敏感的有32例(88.89%);GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测痰培养阳性患者利福平耐药的灵敏度为75.00%(3/4),特异度为93.75%(30/32)。GeneXpert MTB/RIF与比例法药敏试验一致率为91.67%。结论?GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测技术对于肺结核诊断以及利福平的耐药分析具有重要实用价值,可以作为金标准。  相似文献   
8.
We aimed to study the rate of isoniazid (INH) resistance in Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis samples from a private care setting.A Line probe assay was performed on 74 culture isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or directly on extrapulmonary samples received in our laboratory from 2018 to 2021.The INH mono-resistance among these extrapulmonary samples was 6.7%. (5 among 74) (95% CI: 1.04%–12.48%) Resistance to rifampicin was not detected.Increasing the availability and leveraging public private partnerships in hospitals for universal testing for INH resistance may increase detection of INH monoresistance in EP-TB and improve the strategy for TB elimination.  相似文献   
9.
BackgroundPulmonary tuberculosis is a highly prevalent disease in low-income countries; clinical prediction tools allow healthcare personnel to catalog patients with a higher risk of death in order to prioritize medical attention.MethodologyWe conducted a literature search on prognostic models aimed to predict mortality in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. We included prospective and retrospective studies where prognostic models predicting mortality were either developed or validated in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Three reviewers independently assessed the quality of the included studies using the PROBAST tool (Prediction model study Risk of Bias Assessment Tool). A narrative review of the characteristics of each model was conducted.ResultsSix articles (n = 3553 patients) containing six prediction models were included in the review. Most studies (5 out of 6) were retrospective cohorts, only one study was a prospective case-control study. All the studies had a high risk of bias according to the PROBAST tool in the overall assessment. Regarding the applicability of the prediction models, three studies had a low concern of applicability, two high concern and one unclear concern. Five studies developed new prediction rules. In general, the presented models had a good discriminatory ability, with areas under the curve fluctuating between 0.65 up to 0.91.ConclusionNone of the prognostic models included in the review accurately predict mortality in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, due to great heterogeneity in the population and a high risk of bias.  相似文献   
10.
Cutaneous tuberculosis classically presents as Lupus vulgaris, scrofuloderma, tuberculosis verrucose cutis and tubercular abscess. Hypersensitivity reaction to the bacilli leads to Lichen scrofulosorum and papulonecrotic tuberculids. At the same time, it can have myriad of clinical presentations, many of which are still undescribed. It is important to regularly update ourselves with these unusual manifestations so as to ensure early treatment and reduction of overall morbidity. In this case series tuberculosis manifesting as rapidly progressing diffuse facial granulomas, sporotrichoid tuberculosis, tuberculosis mimicking squamous cell carcinoma, scrofuloderma as tubercular ulcer, lupus vulgaris with nasal septal perforation, lupus vulgaris resembling furuncle, psoriasis, dermatitis and BT Hansen are described in immunocompetent individuals. These cases highlight the importance of recognition of atypical forms of cutaneous tuberculosis to minimize scarring and dissemination of bacilli.  相似文献   
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