Predictors of tetanus,diphtheria, acellular pertussis and influenza vaccination during pregnancy among full-term deliveries in a medically underserved population

ObjectiveTo evaluate predictors of vaccination among women who received tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccination (Tdap), influenza vaccination, and Tdap and influenza vaccinations.Study DesignIn a retrospective cohort study of all full-term (≥37 weeks gestation) deliveries between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2018 at a single, safety-net institution, we used multinomial logistic regression models to compare predictors of vaccination among women who received Tdap only, influenza only, and both Tdap and influenza vaccines.ResultsAmong 3132 full-term deliveries, women were primarily non-Hispanic black (67.5%), between the ages of 21–34 (65.3%), and multiparous (76.0%). The rates of only influenza or Tdap vaccination were 10.3% and 21.6%, respectively; 43.3% of women received both vaccines, and 24.9% of women did not receive either vaccine. In the adjusted models, Hispanic ethnicity was positively associated with receipt of all types of vaccination and non-Spanish language interpreter use was positively associated with receipt of Tdap vaccination and Tdap and influenza vaccination. A parity of greater than three and inadequate and unknown prenatal care adequacy were negative predictors of all types of vaccination. Pre-existing hypertension was negatively associated with Tdap vaccination, and HIV-positive status was negatively associated with influenza vaccination and Tdap and influenza vaccination.ConclusionCompared to the national rate of both Tdap and influenza vaccination (32.8%), a higher proportion of women received both vaccines in our study population. Vaccine uptake may be affected by race/ethnicity, use of interpreter services, parity, pre-existing comorbidities, and prenatal care adequacy. The lower rate of influenza vaccination compared to Tdap vaccination suggests that other factors, such as vaccine hesitancy and mistrust, may be differentially impacting influenza vaccination uptake in our predominantly minority population. Future provider and public health approaches to vaccine promotion should incorporate culturally appropriate strategies that address vaccine-related beliefs and misconceptions.     

Diabetes fatalism and its emotional distress subscale are independent predictors of glycemic control among Lebanese patients with type 2 diabetes

Background: Achieving and sustaining optimal glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is difficult because of socio-cultural and psychosocial factors including diabetes fatalism. Diabetes fatalism is ‘a complex psychological cycle characterized by perceptions of despair, hopelessness, and powerlessness’.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore whether diabetes fatalism and other psychosocial and socio-cultural variables are correlates of glycemic control in Lebanese population with T2DM.

Methods: A convenience sample of 280 adult participants with T2DM were recruited from a major hospital in greater Beirut-Lebanon area and from the community. Diabetes fatalism was assessed using the Arabic version of 12-item Diabetes Fatalism Scale. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between HbA1c and psychosocial and socio-cultural characteristics including diabetes fatalism. Four models were run to examine the independent association between HbA1c and diabetes fatalism and to identify which of the 3 subscales (emotional distress, spiritual coping and perceived self-efficacy) were associated with HbA1c.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 58.24(SD?=?13.48) and the majority were females (53.76%), while 32.73% of the sample had diabetes for more than 10 years. Fully adjusted multiple linear regression models showed that higher scores on diabetes fatalism and the emotional distress subscale (P?=?0.018) were significantly associated with higher HbA1c values. In addition, having diabetes for more than 11 years (P?=?0.05) and a higher number of diabetes complications (P?<?0.001) were associated with higher HbA1c levels. However, advanced age (P?=?0.055), female gender (P?=?0.003), and diabetes education (P?=?0.011) were significantly associated with lower HbA1c levels.

Conclusion: This is the first study in the Arab region that identifies diabetes fatalism as an independent predictor of glycemic control among Lebanese. Future studies should further investigate this construct to guide interventions that can address it for better diabetes outcomes.     

Predictors of Patient Satisfaction Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Results from a Traditional Statistical Model and a Machine Learning Algorithm

BackgroundIt is well-documented in the orthopedic literature that 1 in 5 patients are dissatisfied following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, multiple statistical models have failed to explain the causes of dissatisfaction. Furthermore, payers are interested in using patient-reported satisfaction scores to adjust surgeon reimbursement rates without a full understanding of the influencing parameters. The purpose of this study was to more comprehensively identify predictors of satisfaction and compare results using both a statistical model and a machine learning (ML) algorithm.MethodsA retrospective review of consecutive TKAs performed by 2 surgeons was conducted. Identical perioperative protocols were utilized by both surgeons. Patients were grouped as satisfied or unsatisfied based on self-reported satisfaction scores. Fifteen variables were correlated with satisfaction using binary logistic regression and stochastic gradient boosted ML models.ResultsIn total, 1325 consecutive TKAs were performed. After exclusions, 897 TKAs were available with minimum 1-year follow-up. Overall, 85.3% of patients were satisfied. Older age generation and performing surgeon were predictors of satisfaction in both models. The ML model also retained cruciate-retaining/condylar-stabilizing implant; lack of inflammatory conditions, preoperative narcotic use, depression, and lumbar spine pain; female gender; and a preserved posterior cruciate ligament as predictors of satisfaction which allowed for a significantly higher area under the receiver operator characteristic curve compared to the binary logistic regression model (0.81 vs 0.60).ConclusionFindings indicate that patient satisfaction may be multifactorial with some factors beyond the scope of a surgeon’s control. Further study is warranted to investigate predictors of patient satisfaction particularly with awareness of differences in results between traditional statistical models and ML algorithms.Level of EvidenceTherapeutic Level III.     

Predictors of Working Memory Maintenance and Decline in Older Adults

The aging process is associated with the gradual decline of several cognitive functions, and working memory is particularly affected. Although the majority of older adults experience a deterioration of their working memory, some individuals maintain their working memory in older age, and some suffer an extreme deterioration of their working memory. The purpose of the present study was to identify, among a total of 120 potential predictors, those that significantly contributed to these two extreme outcomes in working memory. A sample of 588 healthy adults was examined with the n-back task in the spatial and verbal domains using a 2-back level of difficulty. Individuals were classified as working memory maintainers or decliners if their discrimination level in the two domains was superior to the 80th percentile or inferior to the 20th percentile, respectively. Logistic regression identified eight and six significant predictors of working memory maintenance and decline, respectively. High vocabulary scores and smoking more were significant predictors of working memory maintenance; however, in the opposite direction, these same variables predicted working memory decline. Several consumption habits that influenced cerebrovascular function were found in both models. Psychological traits and everyday activities were present in both models. We identified specific predictors that contribute to extremely high or low working memory performance in older age.