Acute penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the ascending aorta

A 67‐year‐old man presented with chest pain. Clinical examination revealed hypertension (160/90 mm Hg). Electrocardiogram indicated no acute coronary syndrome and cardiac enzymes were normal. Catheterization was performed owing to the patient’s continuing chest pain and ascending aortogram revealed irregular aortic wall. A computed tomography image showed the shape of penetrating ulcer. The patient was taken to the operating room and intraoperative examination confirmed the diagnosis of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU). Coronary artery bypass graft and bovine pericardial patch repair of PAU was performed. A bovine pericardial patch was done as aortic root was heavily calcified and was easy to handle and more hemostatic.     

RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes suppress non‐small cell lung cancer growth by limiting nutrition supply

Chemotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is far from satisfactory, mainly due to poor targeting of antitumor drugs and self‐adaptations of the tumors. Angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels, migration, and invasion are the main ways for tumors to obtain nutrition. Herein, RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes were successfully prepared. These liposomes showed ideal physicochemical properties, enhanced tumor targeting and accumulation in tumor sites, and inhibited VM channel formation, tumor angiogenesis, migration and invasion. The liposomes also downregulated VM‐related and angiogenesis‐related proteins in vitro. Furthermore, when tested in vivo, the targeted co‐delivery liposomes increased selective accumulation of drugs in tumor sites and showed extended stability in blood circulation. In conclusion, RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes showed strong antitumor efficacy in vivo and could thus be considered a promising strategy for NSCLC treatment.     

托里透脓外治法联合封闭负压引流治疗脓肿期肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎的临床研究

目的:探讨托里透脓外治法联合封闭负压引流(VSD)治疗脓肿期肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(GLM)的临床治疗意义。方法:将40例入组患者分为VSD联合托里透脓外治法(观察组)和单用VSD治疗(对照组),观察组患者的住院时间、术后至切口愈合期间的换药次数、切口愈合时间、乳房疼痛情况、超声下脓肿范围变化、创面肉芽组织生长情况、切口纵径变化及治疗前后的血清IgG4~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、RF、C1q水平。结果:与对照组相比,VSD联合托里透脓外治法可明显减少住院时间,降低换药换药次数,缩短切口愈合时间,有效改善乳房疼痛,加速脓肿缩小,改善创面肉芽组织生长,加速切口纵径缩小,降低血清IgG4~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、C1q水平。差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:托里透脓外治法联合VSD治疗成脓期GLM疗效可靠,能明显缩短切口愈合时间,改善乳房炎症预后。     

Shotgun Wounds: Nationwide Trends in Epidemiology,Injury Patterns,and Outcomes from US Trauma Centers

BackgroundShotguns represent a distinct form of ballistic injury because of projectile scatter and variable penetration. Due in part to their rarity, existing literature on shotgun injuries is scarce.ObjectiveThis study defined the epidemiology, injury patterns, and outcomes after shotgun wounds at a national level.MethodsPatients with shotgun injury were identified from the National Trauma Data Bank (2007–2014). Transferred patients and those with missing procedure data were excluded. Demographics, injury data, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Categorical variables are presented as number (percentage) and continuous variables as median (interquartile range).ResultsShotgun wounds comprised 9% of all firearm injuries. After exclusions, 11,292 patients with shotgun injury were included. The median age was 29 years (21–43) and most were male (n = 9887, 88%). Most injuries occurred in the South (n = 4092, 36%) and among white patients (n = 4945, 44%). The median Injury Severity Score was 9 (3–16). Overall in-hospital mortality was 14% (n = 1341), with 669 patients (7%) dying in the emergency department. Assault was the most common injury intent (n = 6762, 60%), followed by accidental (n = 2081, 19%) and self-inflicted (n = 1954, 17%). The lower and upper extremities were the most commonly affected body regions (n = 4071, 36% and n = 3422, 30%, respectively), while the head was the most severely injured (median Abbreviated Injury Scale score 4 [2–5]).ConclusionsIn the United States, shotgun wounds are an infrequent mechanism of injury. Shotgun wounds as a result of interpersonal violence far outweigh self-inflicted and accidental injuries. White men in their 20s in the southern parts of the country are most commonly affected and thereby delineate the high-risk patient population for injury by this mechanism at a national level.     

Acute endophthalmitis after penetrating and endothelial keratoplasty at a tertiary eye care center over a 13-year period

Purpose:To evaluate the clinico-microbiological profile, donor cornea risk factors, and outcomes of postkeratoplasty endophthalmitis at a tertiary care center.Methods:Retrospective analysis of charts of 28 consecutive patients (28 eyes) of acute endophthalmitis following either an endothelial keratoplasty (EK) or an optical penetrating keratoplasty (PK) surgery, performed between 2006 and 2018 (13-year period). Positive microbiology, identification and classification of predisposing factors, surveillance of utilized paired donors, treatment outcomes, and differences in the rate and severity of the event between optical penetrating and endothelial keratoplasty.Results:The estimated incidence of endophthalmitis was 0.23% in the entire cohort; it was 0.34% and 0.15%, after EK and PK, respectively (P = 0.049). The median time of endophthalmitis was 4.5 days postsurgery. Donor-related endophthalmitis was recognized in 7/28 (25%) eyes. Culture positivity was 68% (n = 19 of 28). Bacteria was isolated in 84% (n = 16 of 19) instances; Gram-negative bacilli were more common (87.5%; 14 of 16), and Pseudomonas species (50%; 7 of 14) was the most common Gram-negative bacterium. Majority (>75%) of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to all fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, 3^rd generation cephalosporins, and meropenam; 1/3^rd were resistant to imipenem; and 90% were sensitive to colistin. Treatment included intraocular antibiotic injections (96.4%), vitrectomy (42.9%), and therapeutic keratoplasty (50%). In 85.7% (24 of 28), globe was salvaged. The final vision was 20/200 or better in 39.1% (9 of 23) eyes.Conclusion:EK carried a higher risk of endophthalmitis than PK in this cohort. Bacterial infection was more common in this series, with Gram negative bacilli being the commonest organisms. Multidrug resistance was common (~75%) in Gram negative isolates.     

A Randomized Controlled Trial using iTClamp,Direct Pressure,and Balloon Catheter Tamponade to Control Neck Hemorrhage in a Perfused Human Cadaver Model

Background

Penetrating neck wounds are common in the civilian and military realms. Whether high or low velocity, they carry a substantial morbidity and mortality rate.

Low-Velocity Nail-Gun Injuries to the Interventricular Septum: Report of Two Cases,One in a Child

Nail-gun injury to the heart is rare. Nail-gun injury to the interventricular septum is rarer: we could find only 5 reported cases, and none involving a child. We report 2 additional cases, in which nails penetrated the interventricular septum without causing acute pericardial tamponade, heart block, or shunt across the septum. Transesophageal echocardiography provides a dynamic way to evaluate the patient preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively.In the cases reported here, both the adult with multiple interventricular nails and the child with a single nail underwent foreign-object removal via median sternotomy. The child needed cardiopulmonary bypass for removal of the nail. There were no short-term or long-term sequelae from these interventricular septal injuries.     

清热透邪法在新冠肺炎中的应用＊

目前新冠肺炎中医归属于“疫病”“瘟疫”范畴。其病因为疫戾邪气从口鼻而入，病理特点主要涉及湿、热、毒、瘀、浊、虚6个方面，但对于其病邪的性质，中医学界尚无完全统一认识。呈现百花齐放百家争鸣状态，此次疫病，王灿晖教授认为部分患者虽极早期或早期疠气挟夹寒湿为患，但速传于肺，以致出现高热、咳嗽、苔黄腻等肺热之征，秉承“祛邪为第一要义”，笔者临床根据王灿晖教授理论观点，施以“清热透邪”之法，获得良好效果，并列举典型案例，以期丰富中医药治疗新冠肺炎的理论与实践。     

First report of Mortierella wolfii causing fungal keratitis from a tertiary eye hospital in India

A young 33 year old male presented with non-resolving corneal infiltrate for 2 month duration in the right eye. KOH/ Calcoflour wet mount revealed sparsely septate fungal hyphae. Post therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty 3 doses of intracameral voriconazole(100μg/0.1ml) was administered suspecting recurrence. Fungal culture revealed non sporulating mould on SDA. PCR based DNA sequencing targeting the ITS region identified the fungal isolate as Mortierella wolfii (M. wolfii) belonging to zygomycetes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of human fungal keratitis caused by M. wolfii.