急性软脑膜微循环障碍实验模型的研究

本文报道应用高分子右旋糖酐制成软脑膜微循环障碍的动物实验模型。软脑膜微循环障碍模型的标志;软脑膜微血管血流速度减慢,血液流态呈粒状流或絮状流,血细胞聚集。 将98只家兔分成甲、乙二组。甲组38只,静脉注射平均分子量为25万的高分子右旋糖酐,乙组60只,静脉注射平均分子量为49万的高分子右旋糖酐。实验结果发现,甲组38只家兔仅28只可复制成软脑膜微循环障碍的实验模型,模型复制成功率为73.6％;乙组60只家兔,59只可形成软脑膜微循环障碍实验模型,成功率为98.3％。本实验证明复制动物模型以49万分子量的高分子有旋糖酐为宜。 本实验模型可用于脑微循环障碍和改善脑微循环药物的研究工作。     

头低位限制活动对家兔主要脏器微血管壁通透性的影响

本文报导了用40只白色短毛家兔所做的动物模拟失重实验,得出各脏器微血管通透性的动态反应曲线。并用微循环研究方法,分析了模拟失重时各脏器微血管功能状态与微血管通透性之间的关系;阐述了各脏器微循环功能变化特点;并对变化机理作了初步探讨。     

紫外线照射充氧自血回输疗法治疗多形性红斑临床及甲皱微循环观察

采用紫外线充氧自血回输治疗多形性红斑的治疗组总有效率为１００％，对照组为４０％；甲皱微循环改善率治疗组为１００％，对照组为７５％，组间差异均有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）．观察证明，紫外线照射充氧自血回输疗法是治疗多形性红斑的一种好方法．     

老慢支患者与健康老人甲皱微循环对照

本文通过对老年度性支气管炎与健康老年人甲皱微循环的对照观察，发现管袢密度、畸形管袢、输入枝管径、管袢长度、流态积分存在显著性统计学差异，提示临床应注意血管、血流因素对慢性支气管炎治疗及预后的影响。     

Chemoattractant-induced firm adhesion of leukocytes to vascular endothelium in vivo is critically dependent on initial leukocyte rolling

Leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion at the venular endothelium are two discrete events in the cellular inflammatory response mediated via selectin and integrin adhesion molecules, respectively. The dependency of chemoattractant-induced firm leukocyte adhesion on the preceding rolling interaction was investigated in rat mesenteric microvessels through use of intravital microscopy. Leukocyte rolling was dose-dependently inhibited by systemic treatment with the sulphated polysaccharide fucoidin. The firm leukocyte adhesion following stimulation with the chemotactic peptide fMLP was similarly inhibited when fMLP challenge was performed subsequent to inhibition of leukocyte rolling by fucoidin. Thus, based on paired observations in single venules before and after fucoidin treatment, reduced rolling leukocyte flux prior to fMLP challenge was paralleled over a wide range by a proportional decrease in fMLP-induced leukocyte adhesion. The results demonstrate quantitatively a close relationship between the extent of leukocyte rolling and the magnitude of the subsequent firm adhesion response, and, that an initial rolling interaction is a precondition for firm adhesion to occur at physiological blood flow rates in vivo.     

中西医结合治疗慢性肾炎疗效观察及其与血液流变学和微循环的相关意义分析

本文对比观察了中西医结合治疗与单纯西药治疗慢性肾炎的临床疗效,结果表明,前者缓解率及总有效率分别为79.8%和92.1%,显著高于对照组(均P<0.01)。治疗组各临床类型及各中医证型的疗效亦均明显高于对照组相对应的各型肾炎(P<0.05～0.01)。治疗组各型肾炎之血液流变学及甲皱微循环改善均较对照组为显著。两组中完全缓解加基本缓解者,该两类检查指标改善极为显著(P<0.05～0.01),而好转及无效者则无明显改善(P>0.05)。提示临床疗效与之密切相关。     

Influence of volume replacement with different HES–solutions on microcirculatory blood flow in cardiac surgery

A variety of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) preparations with different molecular weight average (Mw) and molar substitution (MS) is available for volume replacement during acute normovolemic haemodilution (ANH). Particularly with regard to microcirculation, the ideal solution for volume therapy has not been found. A 5th group without ANH served as a control (10 patients in each group). In addition to systemic haemodynamics and various laboratory parameters, skin capillary blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Laser Doppler flow (LDF) was monitored simultaneously at the patient's forehead and forearm. Changes in systemic haemodynamics were similar in all ANH–patients. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was lowest after infusion of HES 200/0.5. The most pronounced increase in plasma viscosity was in patients of group 1 (450/0.7) (P<0.05) and plasma viscosity remained highest during the entire investigation period in these patients. After ANH, skin capillary blood flow measured at the forehead decreased in all patients except in patients of group 2 (200/0.5: max. + 18%). Group 3 (200/0.62) showed the highest decrease in forehead–LDF. During CPB, forehead–LDF decreased significantly in groups 3 (200/0.62) and 4 (40/0.5). At the end of the operation, LDF was most reduced in groups 1 (– 32%) and 3 (– 33%). Forearm–LDF increased in all ANH–patients. Immediately after ANH this increase was lowest in group 3 (200/0.62). In the further course of the investigation, no more differences were seen in any HES patients. The different HES preparations showed a different microcirculatory response. 6% HES 200/0.5 seems to be overall most suitable for volume replacement in cardiac surgery patients undergoing acute normovolemic haemodilution (ANH) due to the best effects on microcirculatory skin perfusion assessed by laser Doppler flow. HES 6% 200/0.62 showed the overall least positive effects with regard to skin capillary blood flow in this situation.     

Effect of verapamil on development of the pain syndrome in rats after sciatic nerve division

Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Pain and Laboratory of General Pathology of the Microcirculation, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 114, No. 9, pp. 229–231, September, 1992.     

Architectural alterations in rat cerebral microvessels after hypobaric hypoxia

We performed 3-dimensional studies of vascular casts of the microvasculature of the cerebral cortex of rats that were exposed to three weeks of hypobaric hypoxia and of control rats. Scanning electron microscopy of the casts gave the qualitative impression of increased vascularity of the cerebral cortex, particularly the deeper layers, in hypoxic rats. Quantitative analysis of capillary segment lengths revealed a significant shift in the frequency distribution to longer lengths (from 77 ± 8 to 90 ± 14 μm) in the deep, but not in the superficial, layers of the cerebral cortex of hypoxic rats. These findings agree with previous results reporting increased capillary density in the brain after exposure to prolonged hypobaric hypoxia and suggest that capillary segment elongation plays a role in the increased capillary density in the deeper layers of the cerebral cortex.