全膝关节置换术前应用双下肢全长摄影对不同体位下肢负重轴线的影响

目的探讨全膝关节置换术前应用双下肢全长摄影对不同体位下肢负重轴线的影响。方法选择在我院接受全膝关节置换术患者138例,均拍摄两组双下肢全长正位片,一组以骨盆正中,下肢呈中立位为标准,另一组以膑骨正中,胫骨覆盖腓骨小头内1/3为标准方案。比较两种体位下的股骨胫骨机械轴夹角等数据,并评估两者图像质量。术后随访,比较术前术后膝关节功能。结果骨盆正中以及髌骨正中下摄影获得的股骨侧弓角(FBA)、机械股骨远端外侧角(mLDFA)以及近端内侧角(mMPTA)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且前者明显高于后者,但机械股胫角(mFTA)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两种体位下患者摄影图像质量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者术后疼痛、功能、活动度、屈曲畸形和稳定性评分较术前均显著上升(P<0.05)。结论骨盆正中体位的双下肢全长摄影在全膝关节置换术的应用可正确展示患者本身该有的下肢力线,减小人为操作不当引起的误差,同时可以优化下肢力线在不同摄影体位的角度测量。     

Implicaciones bioéticas y médico-legales del uso de la fotografía en dermatología

Photographs are necessary in the clinical practice of dermatology, but there are ethical implications to consider. Moreover, dermatologists must be aware of and comply with certain legal requirements affecting the use of photographs. The main ethical principles are respect for patient autonomy and the physician's obligation to do no harm. The law differentiates between 2 bases for protection: one concerns the photographed person's rights over the image and the other protects personal data. Recent legislation places restrictions on taking photographs and exhibiting them. Photographs taken to be stored with a medical history have not been called into question, but the physician is recommended to inform the patient that they exist. When a photograph is exhibited for the purpose of teaching or illustrating concepts, it is necessary to determine whether or not the patient can be identified. If the answer is yes, the patient must give explicit permission. Caution should be exercised when publishing medical photographs on social media.     

The effectiveness of screening for diabetic retinopathy among diabetics： a community-based study in Nanchang

ObjectiveTo explore the best screening model for diabetic retinopathy （DR） among diabetics in the community by bidirectional consistency analysis. Comparative analysis was carried out on the following parameters： diagnosis made by different diagnostician （on-site diagnosis maker versus clinical diagnosis maker）， as well as different diagnostic methods （nonmydriatic digital fundus photography（DFP） versus fundus fluorescein angiography（FFA）. MethodsCross-sectional study. Transverse trial consists of classification of DR with fundus photography by two ophthalmologists， one making an on-site diagnosis immediately after DFP and the other making an clinical diagnosis based only off the photograph at another given time. The level of consistency between them was evaluated statistically. While longitudinal trial was also performed to assess the consistency of classification of DR， but by different diagnostic mode（DFP versus FFA） with the one diagnostician. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the consistency of the presence or absence of DR. And the consistency of the classification of DR was quantified using the Kendall correlation analysis for the disaggregated data. ResultsIn the transverse trial， 932 photographs from 500 diabetics were included. The Kappavalue of the presence or absence of DR was 0.473， and the Kendall value of classification of DR was 0.530， with a moderate degree of consistency. Among the 932 eyes， 671 eyes were diagnosed with no clinically significant DR （72.0%）， while 261 eyes with DR （28.0%）. The longitudinal trial included 239 eyes form 122 diabetics. Analysis resulted in a Kappa value was 0.694 and Kendall value was 0.721， with a high degree of consistency. Among the 239 eyes， 92 eyes were diagnosed as be absent of DR （38.5%） and 147 eyes diagnosed as having DR （61.5%）. ConclusionThe mode of classification of DR by DFP by two ophthalmologists， one making an on-site diagnosis while the other making a clinical diagnosis only using the fundus photograph， is effective and efficient， and is potentially an improved method of screening for DR in the community.     

Ocular autofluorescence in diabetes mellitus. A review

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with a considerable impact on healthcare owing to its increased prevalence and high mortality rate. Structural, morphological, and physiological changes in each of the ocular components have been described in detail. Autofluorescence has been described as a good indicator of metabolic activity. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of ocular endogenous fluorophores in the cornea, the crystalline lens, and the retinal pigment epithelium, the effects of diabetes mellitus and therefore the potential of autofluorescence assessment for screening and monitoring changes in diabetic patients.     

基于OCTA的中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者脉络膜新生血管检测

目的观察光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)在中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)患者脉络膜新生血管(CNV)检测中的应用价值。方法回顾性病例观察研究。选取2018年3月至2019年3月在云南省第二人民医院诊断为慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变伴脉络膜新生血管患者30例(34眼)纳入研究,总结分析其OCTA与眼底彩色照相、眼底自发荧光、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)和OCT等传统影像学对比运用的临床体会。结果12眼FFA存在荧光素渗漏,但形态模糊,不能确定是否伴有CNV,行OCTA则可以清晰显示新生血管影像。8眼FFA未检出CNV,但OCTA清晰显示出新生血管形态。3眼眼底彩色照相及OCT检查高度怀疑CNV的存在,但因荧光素钠皮试阳性,均无法实施FFA,而OCTA则显示出病变区域血流信号,明确了CNV的存在。6眼FFA无明显荧光素渗漏,OCT示无神经上皮层脱离、无色素上皮层脱离,但OCTA提示CNV的存在。5眼通过随访过程中的病情跟踪观察,发现给予患者单一抗VEGF或PDT治疗之后视网膜下积液无明显吸收,而联合治疗后积液明显吸收。结论OCTA在CNV的检查敏感性方面优于传统的检测手段。OCTA可以作为一项安全有效的眼底影像学检查手段对慢性CSC患者的CNV进行观察,从而指导该类患者的诊断、治疗及预后分析。