眉下皮肤切除术矫正中老年上睑松弛的疗效分析

目的：评估眉下皮肤切口矫正中老年女性上睑皮肤松弛的疗效、优缺点及适应征。

方法：收集就诊于山西省眼科医院的30例上睑皮肤松弛患者。所有患者提上睑肌功能正常(均不伴先天性及获得性上睑下垂),手术主要指征为上睑皮肤松弛,尤其外侧松弛明显30例患者均行眉下皮肤切口手术。评估所有患者手术前后的皮肤松弛程度及手术效果,并观察术后并发症。

结果：所有患者均为女性,平均年龄53.20±7.10(40-64)岁,30例患者的上睑皮肤松弛均有效改善。术后1mo,52例效果优,8例效果良。应用客观Strasser系统评价术后1、6mo手术效果,所有患者得分均在0-1分之间,效果优。患者术前不满意的眉毛位置与眉形均有效改善、额纹及鱼尾纹明显减少。所有患者对结果满意。未见伤口裂开、眼睑闭合不全、严重增生性瘢痕等严重并发症发生。

结论：眉下皮肤切除术是一种矫正中老年上睑松弛的有效手段。该手术不仅保留了传统上睑成形术的优点,还可以同时改善眉的位置与形态,并可保留眼睑原有形态,术后皮肤瘢痕小、外观良好,满意度高,并发症少。     

Infrabrow excision to correct upper eyelid dermatochalasis in middle-aged and elderly patients

AIM: To evaluate the effects, advantages, disadvantages, and indications of infrabrow skin excision to correct upper eyelid dermatochalasis in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women. METHODS: Sixty eyelids in 30 patients were subjected to this surgical procedure from January to June 2018. All patients had upper eyelid dermatochalasis, and the functions of their levator palpebrae were all normal. The primary indications of the procedure were upper lid dermatochalasis with lateral hooding. All 30 patients underwent infrabrow skin excision at Shanxi Eye Hospital. The degree of skin relaxation before and after surgery was evaluated in all patients, and surgical outcomes and postoperative complications were also assessed. RESULTS: All patients were female, ranging from 40 to 64 (mean: 53.20±7.10) years old. Skin relaxation of the upper eyelid was improved in all 30 patients. One month after the operation, 52 lids (86.7%) showed good results and 8 lids (13.33%) showed fair results. The objective Strasser system was applied to evaluate surgical results at 1 and 6 months. All patients had scores between 0 and 1 point, indicating good results. Preoperative unsatisfactory position and shape of the eyebrows were improved, and crow''s feet and frontal lines were reduced. All patients were satisfied with the results. No complications related to wound dehiscence, lagophthalmos, or hypertrophic scars were observed. CONCLUSION: Infrabrow skin excision is a simple, useful operation to reconstruct the upper eyelids in selected patients of Chinese ancestry. This procedure not only retains the advantages of classic blepharoplasty, but also alleviates many eyebrow problems at the same time, and maintains the original shape of the eyelid, minimizes scarring, and produces a smoother, more youthful appearance.     

Modified visual field test for ptosis surgery (Leicester Peripheral Field Test)

Introduction

There is lack of consensus among Primary Health Care Trusts (PCTs) and health insurers on how to reimburse ptosis surgery and upper lid blepharoplasty, as these procedures can be regarded as cosmetic. Standardised photographs are expensive and difficult to achieve, whilst the routine 24-2 visual field lacks the range to detect visually significant superior field defects.

Aim

To introduce a modified visual field designed to assess the functional disability associated with ptosis and dermatochalasis and to demonstrate the effectiveness of surgery in improving the visual field.

Methods

Patients who had surgery for ptosis or dermatochalasis between January 2006 and December 2009 were prospectively invited to perform a modified visual field test pre- and post-operatively.

Results

In total, 97 patients amounting to 194 eyes were included in the study. Ninety five eyes had aponeurotic repair with or without blepharoplasty and 77 eyes had blepharoplasty alone. This modified test has a sensitivity of 98.8% of detecting ptosis. For patients who underwent ptosis surgery with or without blepharoplasty, 84.2% recorded an improvement in points seen with the test and 81% recorded an improvement in visual field height. For those who had blepharoplasty alone, 90.9% recorded an improvement in points seen in the modified visual field test and 80.6% had improvement in visual field height.

Conclusion

Our modified visual field assessment is a quick and easy way to assess patient disability associated with ptosis and dermatochalasis. Surgery improves the demonstrated defect, confirming that ptosis and dermatochalasis can be considered a functional rather than cosmetic issue.     

The Histopathological Findings of Patients Who Underwent Blepharoplasty Due to Dermatochalasis

Purpose: To assess changes in lymphatic vessels, collagen, and elastic fiber structure in excised tissues with dermatochalasis (DC). Methods: In this prospective histopathological study, 70 upper eyelid skins of 35 patients operated on for dermatochalasis were compared with 10 eyelid skins of 10 patients operated on for other diagnoses. In histopathological examination, the two groups of patients were compared with respect to number of lymphatic vessels, largest lymphatic vessel diameter, number of elastic fibers, number of macrophages, edema between collagen fibers, and depth of stromal collagen bed. Results: As compared to the control group, the study group had a significantly greater number of dilated lymphatic vessels (p = 0.0001), largest lymphatic vessel diameter (p = 0.02), depth of stromal collagen bed (p = 0.0001), edema space between collagen fibers (p = 0.0001), elastic fiber density (p = 0.0001), and number of macrophages (p = 0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, in addition to an increase in the diameter and number of lymphatic vessels, a reduction in elastic fibers that are essential for the structure and function of lymphatic system, disarrangement in collagen fibers, stromal edema, and increased number of macrophages play a role in the development of dermatochalasis.     

Eyebrow Position Following Upper Blepharoplasty

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of upper blepharoplasty on eyebrow height, accounting for ocular dominance, fat excision, change in MRD1, and degree of dermatochalasis.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients undergoing upper blepharoplasty between January 2013 and July 2014. Patients with a prior history of ocular trauma, disease, and surgery were excluded. Digital photographs were analyzed using NIH ImageJ software to measure pre and postoperative eyebrow height at the medial, central, and lateral positions, MRD1, and dermatochalasis. Univariable comparisons of brow height and MRD1 were performed. A multivariate analysis was used to assess for the effect of percentage change in MRD1 and dermatochalasis and of ocular dominance and fat excision in mean percentage change of eyebrow height.

Results: Charts of 19 patients were reviewed. Mean age was 73.2 years (SD?=?8.86). There were 9 male (47.4%) and 10 female (52.6%) patients. There were 11 right eye dominant (57.9%) and 8 left eye dominant (42.1%) patients. Then 13 patients (68.4%) underwent fat removal. A univariable comparison found insufficient evidence to suggest a significant change from 0 postoperatively in brow height at all positions. A multivariable comparison found insufficient evidence to suggest MRD1, ocular dominance, or dermatochalasis were significantly associated with mean percentage change in brow height at all positions with or without fat excision.

Conclusion: Upper blepharoplasty does not change eyebrow height at the medial, central, or lateral positions, after accounting for any impact of ocular dominance, fat excision, change in MRD1, or degree of dermatochalasis.     

Investigation of goldmann perimetry in evaluation of patients for upper eyelid blepharoplasty

Purpose: To determine if preoperative Goldmann Visual Field (GVF) testing in patients with functional dermatochalasis accurately depicts the postoperative superior visual field (SVF) outcome.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was done to compare preoperative and postoperative GVF field tests in patients undergoing upper eyelid blepharoplasty for treatment of dermatochalasis. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences institutional review board. A preoperative GVF was obtained with the eyelids in the natural position (untaped) and then again with excess skin elevated (taped). One month post-blepharoplasty, another GVF was conducted with eyelids untaped. The pre- and post GVF tests were analyzed to determine if preoperative testing accurately predicts the SVF improvement post-blepharoplasty.

Results: Forty-six eyelids (23 patients) who underwent blepharoplasty for dermatochalasis were included. The preoperative testing underestimated 76% (35/46) of cases by a mean of 61%; and overestimated the final outcome in 24% (11/46) of cases by mean of 23%. Overall, the preoperative GVF testing underestimated the postoperative outcome by a mean of 35%.

Conclusion: Improvement of the SVF after a blepharoplasty is typically greater than the preoperative GVF testing predicts.     

眼睑皮肤松垂程度与年龄的关系——三级转诊中心的前瞻性研究

目的：调查眼睑皮肤松垂的位置和程度及是否伴随假性上睑下垂与年龄的关系。方法：选取113例眼睑皮肤松垂患者纳入本研究,记录患者的年龄,性别及体质指数。于第一眼位检测睑裂高度和睑缘至瞳孔反射点距离( MRD)。皮肤松垂的程度分为1级：皮肤松垂未及睑缘(至少距睑缘1 mm);2级：皮肤松垂达睑缘水平;3级：皮肤松垂越过睑缘前。结果：患者平均年龄为52.7±8.6(32~74)a。男36例(31.9％),女77例(68.1％)。平均体质指数为30.3±4.7(21.5~36.6)kg/m2,平均睑裂高度为10.7±1.6(7~15)mm,平均MRD为3.8±1.2(1~5) mm。30例(26.5％)患者的皮肤松垂未及睑缘(1级),38例(33.6％)患者位于睑缘水平线(2级),而45例(39.8％)患者越过睑缘前(3级)。50例(44.2％)患者由于皮肤松垂引起假性上睑下垂。皮肤松垂程度在年龄方面的差异显著。皮肤松垂1级和2级患者的平均年龄(50.3±6.6,50.5±9.5岁)明显低于3级患者年龄(56.0±8.2岁)。假性上睑下垂患者(56.3±8.3岁)的平均年龄明显高于非假性上睑下垂患者(49.8±7.8岁)。对于皮肤松垂严重程度和假性上睑下垂,患者体质指数无显著差别。结论：皮肤松垂严重程度和假性上睑下垂的发生率随年龄的增长而有所增加。