携带同源重组修复相关基因突变的消化道肿瘤的临床特点

目的:探讨消化道肿瘤中同源重组修复相关基因(homologous recombination repair related gene，HRR)突变的发生情况及临床意义。方法:共92例消化道肿瘤患者，79例患者进行了血液标本HRR检测，53例患者进行了组织标本HRR检测，40例患者同时行血液和组织的HRR基因检测，收集患者基因检测结果及临床相关资料。结果:在79例患者血液标本检测中发现10例（12.6%）有临床意义HRR突变，在53例患者组织标本检测中发现9例（17.0%）有临床意义HRR突变。40例同时行血液和组织的HRR基因检测患者中常见的有临床意义HRR突变为CDK12突变4例（10.0%）、ATM突变3例（7.5%）、BRCA1突变2例（5.0%）。13例有临床意义HRR突变患者中常见共存突变为TP53突变10例（76.9%）、APC突变5例（38.5%）、PIK3CA突变4例（30.8%）。40例患者中13例患者血液和/或组织中有临床意义HRR突变，27例患者血液和组织中均无任何临床意义HRR突变且两组相比，有临床意义HRR突变组肿瘤突变负荷（tumor mutational burden，TMB）为6.17(2.24～11.52)，而未携带HRR突变组TMB为0.4(0～3.75)，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。40例患者组织检测中7例HRR有临床意义的突变，33例无HRR突变，血液检测中10例HRR有临床意义的突变，30例无HRR突变，一致性检验的Kappa值为0.333（P=0.031）。结论:携带有临床意义HRR突变的消化道肿瘤患者TMB更高，血液和组织检测HRR突变有较好的一致性。     

生物等效性试验受试者招募影响因素的定性访谈研究

目的 通过定性访谈的方法探索影响生物等效性试验受试者招募的可能因素,以期提高招募速度并为保证入组质量提供参考和思路.方法 在天津中医药大学第一附属医院临床试验中心2020年9月—2021年6月开展的生物等效性试验受试者中,随机选择12名受试者作为研究对象,设计半结构式定性访谈提纲,采用个人深度访谈形式,对受试者临床试验整体认知、积极性影响因素两方面进行访谈.结果 无医学背景的受访者对临床试验认知相对不足,角色认同感较消极;受访者总体对临床试验的参与持积极态度,影响参与度的因素包含"补偿费用""药物安全性""周期""采血量""个人时间""行程/研究地点""机构硬件设施"和"护理质量"等关键词,其中以"补偿费用"和"试验药物安全性"为主要影响因素.结论 科学普及临床试验知识,增加受试者对临床试验的认知;丰富重视知情同意内容,注重沟通,做好安全性风险控制;合理设定受试者补偿费用额度,是可能提高受试者对招募回应度的可行方法.     

淄博市放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率分析

[摘要]?目的?探讨GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测技术在肺结核诊断中的应用价值。方法?以2020年7月—2021年6月在天门市第一人民医院治疗的疑似肺结核患者107例作为研究对象，所有患者均留取痰标本，进行痰涂片、痰培养、GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测、比例法药敏试验。以培养法和比例法药敏结果为金标准，计算GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测结核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis，MTB）及其对于利福平耐药性检测的灵敏度、特异度、与金标准的的一致率。结果?107例疑似肺结核患者中，痰涂片阳性39例（36.45%），涂片阴性68例（63.55%）。以痰培养结果为金标准，GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测TBM的灵敏度为85.42%（41/48），特异度为88.14%（52/59）。GeneXpert MTB/RIF与痰培养诊断一致率为86.92%（93/107）；进一步分析，GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测痰涂片阳性患者MTB的灵敏度为97.22%（35/36），特异度为33.33%（1/3），检测涂片阴性患者MTB的灵敏度为50.00%（6/12），特异度为91.07%（51/56）。以比例法药敏结果为金标准，确认痰培养阳性36例患者中利福平耐药有4例（11.11%），敏感的有32例（88.89%）；GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测痰培养阳性患者利福平耐药的灵敏度为75.00%（3/4），特异度为93.75%（30/32）。GeneXpert MTB/RIF与比例法药敏试验一致率为91.67%。结论?GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测技术对于肺结核诊断以及利福平的耐药分析具有重要实用价值，可以作为金标准。     

Ankle fracture follow up using the Chertsey Outcome score for Trauma. Floor and ceiling effect of the scale

BackgroundPatient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used by orthopaedic surgeons in order to measure their results. The Chertsey Outcome Score for Trauma (COST) is a recently validated PROM, which treats trauma as pathology, is not site or pathology specific. It measures the rehabilitation of the patients after an injury, using the pre-injury status as the default state of the patients. The aim of the present study was to focus on a narrow group of patients with similar ankle fracture injuries, investigate if there is any floor or ceiling effect of the scale and examine its use during the ankle fracture at the immediate post-injury rehabilitation period.Materials and methodsAll patients who had isolated ankle fractures treated either operatively or conservatively between March 2018 and December 2019, were included in the study. A COST and a FADI questionnaire was completed prior to their follow-up at 2, 6 and 12 weeks post injury/operation. Demographic data were also collected.ResultsA total of 527 COST questionnaires from 314 different patients (aged 51.4 ± 18.4 years) were included in the study. The average COST score was 40.28 ± 18 and the average FADI score was 60.1 ± 21.8. The VAS score reached 3.57 ± 2.2. There was no significant floor and ceiling effect for the COST score. The COST score had good correlation with the FADI score (Spearman’s Rho=0.69) and good internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.85).ConclusionNo significant floor or ceiling effect was identified for the COST score, during the short and medium term follow up period following an ankle fracture, treated with either conservative or operative management. The scale was found to be valid and with good internal consistency.     

吸入制剂人体药动学研究中关于给药的探讨

给药是药物临床试验中的关键环节，也是吸入制剂人体药动学研究中的难点之一。对吸入制剂给药环节中一些细节的把握可能直接影响制剂间生物等效性的建立，包括给药前准备、吸入技术培训、给药中及给药后处理等。本文将结合临床实践经验，针对吸入制剂人体药动学研究中的给药环节进行探讨并总结。     

磁共振成像预测颅内肿瘤质地的研究进展

术前对颅内肿瘤质地的准确评估对于手术入路的选择以及预后的评估极为重要。目前,对颅内肿瘤质地的预测方法主要是通过磁共振成像。本文分别对磁共振常规序列、弥散序列、弹性序列及其他序列预测肿瘤质地研究相关的文献进行综述和分析。我们认为常规序列和弥散序列预测肿瘤质地的有效性尚存在争议;磁共振波谱、灌注加权成像及稳态进动平衡序列目前研究数据较少,不能得出有效的结论;弹性序列是目前预测肿瘤质地最有效的评价指标。     

On evaluation of consistency in multi-regional clinical trials

In recent years, multi-regional clinical trials (MRCT) that conduct clinical trials simultaneously in Asian Pacific region, Europe, and the United States have become very popular for global pharmaceutical development. The main purpose of multi-regional clinical trials is to shorten the time for pharmaceutical development and regulatory submission, and approval around the world. In practice, however, clinical results observed from some regions (sub-population) may not be consistent with the results from other regions and/or all regions combined (entire population). The inconsistency observed may be due to ethnic differences in different regions, differences in medical practice, time points of assessment, or by random chance due to small sample size for the region. Some regional regulatory agencies require consistency evaluation between local country results and overall results. However, the challenge is there is no detailed guidance on the definition of ‘consistency’ and methodology to evaluate it. Therefore, the questions are: how to evaluate consistency and what statistical methods are appropriate to be used for consistency evaluation? In this article, several statistical tests for consistency (similarity) between clinical results observed from a specific sub-population and the entire population are proposed. These methods are compared through extensive simulation. As most published articles discussed consistency evaluation for superiority situations, we have discussed consistency evaluation for non-inferiority situation in this article through a simulated example concerning consistency in some countries. Recommendations of the statistical methods to be used for consistency evaluation are given. Other aspects that should be considered for consistency evaluation are also provided.     

三种统计分析方法在基因表达谱数据中的比较研究

目的比较SCAD-支持向量机、支持向量机和弹性网三种方法对基因表达谱数据的变量筛选和预测判别能力。方法根据设置的参数生成不同条件的基因表达谱模拟数据和实际数据,利用FDR、一致性错误率和ROC曲线下面积(AUC值)从三个方面评价三种方法的变量筛选和预测判别能力。结果模拟实验显示在差异变量数不变的情况下,随着差异变量间相关系数的增加,三种方法建立模型的变量筛选和预测判别能力均提高;当差异变量间相关系数不变时,随着差异变量数目的增加,SCAD-支持向量机和弹性网方法的变量筛选和预测判别能力均呈下降趋势,而支持向量机呈现提高趋势。结论 SCAD-支持向量机不仅改善了支持向量机不能直接进行变量筛选的不足同时提高了模型的精度以及判别的准确性。综合来看SCAD-支持向量机的变量筛选和预测判别能力更优,处理变量间有高度相关性的基因表达谱数据时可以获得更高的预测精度和更稳定的模型估计。     

国外仿制药参比制剂选择简介及对我国的启示

目的：为完善我国仿制药一致性评价中参比制剂选择机制和程序提供参考,为仿制药企业在应用选择参比制剂时提供思路。方法：详细介绍了美国FDA有关参比制剂选择指南草案的最新描述,以及欧盟、日本和WHO对于参比制剂的相关要求。结合我国现阶段仿制药一致性评价工作实际,为完善参比制剂选择程序提出建议。结果与结论：美国详细规定了仿制药参比制剂的选择思路和实际操作程序,为我国仿制药参比制剂的选择提供了新的思路。我国正处于仿制药一致性评价参比制剂遴选的关键时期,制定全面、完善的参比制剂遴选体系和机制,有助于规范参比制剂的选择程序,加快一致性评价工作进程,提升我国仿制药一致性评价参比制剂选择的科学性和完整性。     

Modeling individualized coefficient alpha to measure quality of test score data

Individualized coefficient alpha is defined. It is item and subject specific and is used to measure the quality of test score data with heterogenicity among the subjects and items. A regression model is developed based on 3 sets of generalized estimating equations. The first set of generalized estimating equation models the expectation of the responses, the second set models the response's variance, and the third set is proposed to estimate the individualized coefficient alpha, defined and used to measure individualized internal consistency of the responses. We also use different techniques to extend our method to handle missing data. Asymptotic property of the estimators is discussed, based on which inference on the coefficient alpha is derived. Performance of our method is evaluated through simulation study and real data analysis. The real data application is from a health literacy study in Hunan province of China.