脑肿瘤意识障碍临床分析

本文观察502例脑肿瘤中,有47例出现意识障碍(9.4%)。其发生机制主要有:①脑疝形成;②普遍性颅内压增高引起脑缺氧;③肿瘤内出血;④肿瘤部位如额、颞叶、上脑干等的直接损害;⑤癫痫发作。脑疝形成是主要死亡原因。简要讨论了脑肿瘤意识障碍的临床特点、预后因素以及脑中心性疝的早期诊断。     

Outcome after traumatic frontal intracerebral haemorrhage: a comparison of unilateral and bilateral haematomas

Frontal intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a common result of cranial trauma. Outcome differences between bilateral and unilateral frontal ICH are not well studied but would be valuable to predict prognosis in clinical practice. Two aims are proposed in this study: first to compare the risk of developing delayed ICH after bilateral or unilateral frontal ICH, and second to determine the variables helpful to predict outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Between January 1993 and December 1997, 694 consecutive patients with traumatic ICH were admitted to the Chang Gung Medical Center within 24 h of the trauma. Patients with ICH in sites other than the frontal lobes were excluded. A total of 161 cases (mean age 46.3+/-20.3 years), including 57 bilateral (mean age 52.5+/-18.7 years) and 104 unilateral (mean age 42.9+/-20.5 years) traumatic frontal ICH were studied. Twenty-eight of 57 patients (49%) with bifrontal ICH versus 17 of 104 patients (16%) with unilateral frontal ICH had a further, delayed ICH. In 42 of 45 patients (93%) with delayed ICH, this occurred within 5 days of the initial trauma. Multivariate logistic regression was used to select significant predictors of outcome. We found that delayed ICH (p<0.001), age (p=0.004) and mechanism of injury (p=0.001) explained the worse outcome in patients with bifrontal ICH. The best-fitting logistic regression model included three variables: delayed ICH (p=0.011), initial GCS (p=0.023), and a sum score of clinical and radiological variables (p=0.003). Bifrontal ICH tended to occur in older patients after a fall and was associated with a higher risk of developing delayed ICH or brain stem compression compared to unilateral ICH damage. Using these three variables - delayed ICH, initial GCS, and the sum score - in a logistical regression model is useful to predict outcome in patients with traumatic frontal ICH and may aid patient management.     

Statistical analysis of the factors affecting the outcome of extradural haematomas: 115 Cases

Summary 115 traumatic extradural haematoma cases who were treated surgically at Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Neurosurgery Department between 1987 and 1992 are evaluated.When factors affecting the outcome were examined, a strong correlation was found between the result andGlasgow coma scale (GCS) (p<0.00001). The existence of a fracture, the interval between onset of haematoma symptoms and intervention and the existence of an intracerebral haematoma together with contusion accompanying intradural haematoma, affect the outcome in a negative direction. There was no statistical correlation between the outcome and the age of patient, localization of the haematoma and aetiology.     

Poor oxygenation in the lungs of patients with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic diabetic coma after cardiac surgery

The ratio of PaO₂ to FiO₂ was often low (300 or less) in four patients with complications of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic diabetic coma (HHNKDC) following open heart surgery. Four of our patients had poor oxygenation and subsequent spontaneous recovery from in the immediate post-operative period, although HHNKDC occurred only in one during this period. In the 3 others, poor oxygenation without accompanying HHNKDC lasted for 1–6 days and HHNKDC developed about 2 weeks after open heart surgery at time when poor oxygenation reoccurred. If a working diagnosis of congestive heart failure was made only on the basis of the most common probability, and the fluid supply was restricted, HHNKDC would readily occur or be aggravated by the dehydration iatrogenically produced. It is thus concluded that HHNKDC should be included in diagnoses for pulmonary dysfunction.     

低血糖昏迷为首发的老年糖尿病12例分析

目的:探讨老年糖尿病低血糖昏迷特点.方法:对12例老年低血糖昏迷患者回顾性分析.结果:本组患者均以昏迷为首发症状,且应用降糖药物不规范.结论:老年低血糖患者症状多不典型,很快进入昏迷状态,易误诊而延误治疗.     

Œdème cérébral aigu mortel chez un enfant diabétique

A case is reported of fatal acute cerebral oedema occurring in a 15-year-old child suffering diabetic ketoacidosis. He had severe gastro-enteritis, with a weight lose of 8 kg over a period of 8 days (initial weight = 50 kg). He was admitted in a stupor with pH 7.15, 129 mmol.l-1 natraemia, and 31 mmol.l-1 blood glucose concentration. Blood osmolaity was calculated to be 310 mosmol.l-1. He was rehydrated with 416 ml.h-1 normal saline and 416 ml.h-1 of 1.4% sodium bicarbonate. At the same time a total dose of 75 i.u. of ordinary insulin was given. After 2 h, the patient's condition suddenly worsened with unreactive coma, bilateral fixed mydriasis, respiratory pauses, and impairment of haemodynamic state (heart rate 150 b.min-1, blood pressure 80/50 mmHg). The diagnosis of cerebral oedema with severe intracranial hypertension was confirmed by different investigations. Despite ventilatory support and continued intensive care, the patient died a few hours later. It is concluded that some degree of subclinical brain swelling could be common occurrence during diabetic ketoacidosis, present maybe even before the start of treatment. Such cases of cerebral oedema are often reported, but the pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. However, unlike this case, rehydration must be moderate (less than 41.m-2.day-1), especially in case of hyponatraemia. Insulin and sodium bicarbonate must be used with care. Early rigorous clinical and biological monitoring is essential. Treatment should aim at a progressive correction of the metabolic disturbances.     

创伤早期血清FSH、LH的变化及其临床意义

目的 研究多发创伤患者早期血清促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)变化与创伤严重度和格拉斯哥昏迷评分的关系.方法 随机选取2003年3月～2004年2月急诊就诊的多发创伤患者93例,就诊时间均在伤后24h内,即时采集血样,采用放射免疫双抗体沉淀法测定血清FSH、LH水平,并另选20名健康体检者作为对照组.93例患者按照ISS评分予以分组(ISS＜16分47例,25≥ISS≥16分24例,ISS＞25分22例),其中合并颅脑损伤者按GCS评分分组ISS＜16分14例,25≥ISS≥16分14例,ISS＞25分12例,并比较各分组间FSH、LH水平.结果 严重创伤组(ISS＞25分)与合并颅脑损伤组患者早期FSH、LH明显升高(P＜0.01).ISS＞25分组、25≥ISS≥16分组、ISS＜16分组血清FSH、LH水平依次降低(P＜0.05或0.01),且前2组明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).合并颅脑损伤者中,GCS＞8分组、8≥GCS＞5分组、5≥GCS≥3分组血清FSH、LH水平依次降低,组间比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05或0.01),且均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 血清垂体前叶激素FSH、LH水平的改变与严重创伤、颅脑损伤的严重程度相关,可作为判断伤情、观察预后的参考指标.     

血清甘氨胆酸测定对肝硬化患者预后的评价

本文报告50例肝硬化患者SCG含量的临床意义.结果表明,SCG测定诊断肝硬化的阳性率为92％,明显高于SGPT(53％)及ADA(78.6％)的阳性率.Child-pugh肝功能分级中A、B、C级SCG值分别为10.14±6.03,23.55±11.27和54.66±24.47μmol/L(P<0.01).相关分析表明,SCG与血清白蛋白含量呈负相关(r=-0.5018.P<0.01),与胆红素含量呈正相关(r=0.6964,P<0.01).并发肝性脑病和原发性肝癌者及死亡病例,其SCG升高更为明显.我们认为肝硬化患者SCG值大于40μmol/L预示病情危重,预后不良.